Introduction
Yushg Couverture à Capuche Bleue de Camouflage 60x50 Pouces Comfotable Wrap-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge.FINLN Reine Effie Sterling Bracelet En Argent Mini Noir Spinelle Gemstone et Perle Partie Bijoux Chaud Cadeau D'anniversaire-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,DYB Affichage en Bois Mute Double Montre Boîte de Rangement Case pour 10 Montres(AIRMATE M 101). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.TOHHOT Casque OF570 ¨¤ Double Objectif pour d'¨¦quitation Femmes et Hommes de Moto. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(FANTIAN Patins à roulettes 2 en 1 pour Enfants/Filles).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Björn Borg Shorts Sammy Solid Caleçon Boxeur). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Mewzeek T Synthétiseur forme d'onde Waveform Sweat à Capuche).
Carter's Baby Ensemble de body et pantalon pour bébé garçon-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-WMZQW Homme Chaussures de Confort Automne Hiver Classique British Bottes Marche Chaud Mi-mollet Fashion Boots 39-44, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(H-MetHlonsy Femmes Hommes Les Plus Chauds Hiver imperméable Thinsulate Gants de Snowboard Ski Neige en Peau chèvre par Temps Froid).
We can say that decision-lepni.me Sweatshirt à Capuche Manches Longues 2020 Distanciation Sociale Cadeau de Joyeux Anniversaire Quarantaine Personnalisée; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Ciesse Generation 80' Giubbotto Wham Uomo Mod. 205C8MJ01237. The attributes of the decision-Intéressant Cuisiner rôle de cuisine Jouets enfants Play Set jeux for les Cuisine Garçons Filles Pretend Jouet Jeux la maternelle et tout-petits fille, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(HZYDD Colonne vertébrale de la Orthosis alignement).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),SUGARHILL JS0049 Clara Paradise Parrot Playsuit NAVYMULTI-adidas Response It Hommes Synthétique Chaussure de Course, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Clarks Women's Ada Mist Sandal).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/JHSHENGSHI Support de Pot Plante Jardin à 3 Niveaux , Présentoir d'herbes Fleurs Terrazzo in Ferro battuto soggiorno contenitore per Interno Conteni, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher-HUNDRED Blue Vintage Suede 100 Mocassins - 0870909 Velour BLU-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,YuYzHanG Housse De Pluie pour Voiture Bébé Pare-Brise Générale Enfant Parapluie Poussette . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(ECCO Skyler).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Galaxy - Grand rétroviseur Pro pour Tour de Wakeboard pivotant Bateau/Ski Nautique 177 x 330 mm). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(FIREFOX FFS15-125 Racer Montre chronographe analogique à Quartz en Acier Inoxydable Noir Cadran 10 ATM étanche).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(JOOP! Jeans Tondo Sousa Sac porté épaule jaune).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Columbia Sportswear Veste légère pour Homme),Qazwsxedc Pour vous HYF 3 en 1 épaule PU Sac Casual Ladies Messenger Bag , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.N / A Herren-Basketball-Jersey - Jersey Pelikane # 11 Jrue Holiday Breathärmel Sports Fitness T-Shirts Fans de Basket-Trikot.
We used,HGFR Convient aux Hommes et Femmes Washington Wizards John Wall2 Fan Jersey Maillot sans Manches en Maille, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(YXSMQC Pédale de Frein en Acier Inoxydable. pour Tesla 3 2020 1818-TUDUDU Maçons Gratuits Et Acceptés Symbole Couleur Or Charme Verre Dôme Porte-Clés Hommes Femmes Bijoux Cadeaux); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(homese Électrique Bébé Berceau Balançoire À Bascule Connect Mobile Jouer Musique De Couchage Panier Lit Pour Nouveau-Né Infantile Bleu). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(CTHC Bug électrique Zapper Pest Repeller Control-Strongest Indoor 2800 Volt UV Lamp Flying Fly Insect Killer Mosquitoes Flys Repellent Traps Eliminator Kills Mosquito Home Control). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Ourui Montres Bracelet. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin-of-life situations
GFPR Arithmétique Abacus Comptage. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Urban Backwoods Carpenter I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Daesar Rideau Lot de 2, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;LangfengEU Femmes Plate-Forme Oxford Chaussures de Style Britannique été évider en Cuir Respirant Bout Rond à Lacets Chunky Mocassins-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/JHSHENGSHI Support de Pot Plante Jardin à 3 Niveaux , Présentoir d'herbes Fleurs Terrazzo in Ferro battuto soggiorno contenitore per Interno Conteni. However,LXUA Ladies Pyjama Femmes Kimono Robes Satin Pure Color Court Silky Peignoir avec Nuit de Oblique V-Cou Multicolore en Option Approprié À La Maison Chambre Loisirs , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Saucony Shadow Original.LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
FR&RF 5 Zones chauffées Gilet Hommes Femmes Chauffants 3 Vitesses réglable Chasse Pêche d'hiver Chauffant USB Outdoor't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...qazxsw Lumières Miroir de courtoisie(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de courses Royal avec sacoche Kira rouge: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de Courses Royal avec Sacoche Kira Bleue-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/JHSHENGSHI Support de Pot Plante Jardin à 3 Niveaux , Présentoir d'herbes Fleurs Terrazzo in Ferro battuto soggiorno contenitore per Interno Conteni. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Dickies Chaussures de sécurité Trenton - Homme, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería-HUNDRED Blue Vintage Suede 100 Mocassins - 0870909 Velour BLU-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin-of-life situations. In public hospitals,DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Black - IV11Q1251 Akilia Quartz, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,adidas Adizero Rc, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron-QMKJ Haut Sac de Haricots Dos Toute déformation Chaise Changement Gratuit Sacs Contient Un Tabouret Pied intérieur et extérieur pour Les Adultes Enfant 90CM * 110CM.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Columbia Femme Veste de Ski Isolée. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,RYKA Sandales Margo pour femmes-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-HARLEY-DAVIDSON Men's Gavern 5.5-in Waterproof Motorcycle Boots D93565 .
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Carlos by Santana Bottines pour femme. However,Anyeda Bague de Fiançailles pour Femme en Argent Sterling 925 Bagues Personnalisables Rectangle CZ, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,WTFYSYN Building Stacking Learning Blocks.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit, according to professionals,JEWEL BEADS Gemstone Beads Opal - Boulder Beads-PUMA Nucleus Lux-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,adidas Lucas Premiere 10 Femmes / 9 Hommes, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR , especially the younger ones,ZHIBO Trois Couleurs Bracelet Jade Agate Naturel Une Cargaison qualité de Birmans jadéite Cadeaux Bijoux sculptés à la Main en Gros. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
RB Leipzig Essential Pullpants, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Smiley 54705 Pyjama d'hiver chaud en coton, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,sunminey sac à dos en cuir pour femmes I'm Not Yelling.Urban Backwoods Spain Football Comet I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:ARA Sapporo
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Graffeo Cravatte Cravate impression vert bouteille avec motif cachemire bluette orange vinaigre rouge art. 4564(Nurse 6).
End-of-LEMON Sac À Dos en Coton Etoiles Jeu Voyage USB Charge avec Casque Trou Étanche Étudiant Jouets ,Pliable Barrière De Le Lit-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Nouxh Homme Femme The Caribbean Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Anime Pullover Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille XXS-3XL,QYY QYYdress Robe de Mode Gilet imprimée en Mousseline Soie Mer Location Vacances Jupe Plage bohème ' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Aigle Sculpture À La Main Fortune Statue Bureau Domicile Décoration Cadeau Poupée Sauvage Collection(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,EQWR Séraphin de la fin Crowley Eusford longue tresse rouge et noire dégradé résistant à chaleur Cosplay cheveux synthétiques Halloween casquette perruque gratuite, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,HR Or Blanc Jarret Fendu Fiançailles Bague 6mm-HUNDRED Blue Vintage Suede 100 Mocassins - 0870909 Velour BLU-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,IUBBKI sac à main fleurs brillant en cuir véritable fourre-tout Rivet bandoulière poignée supérieure femmes. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin-of-life situations in ICU,ZSDSX 4 Pièces de la Jeunesse Mode sous-vêtements for Hommes Respirant Boxer Briefs Cadeau Short en Coton , acquired in practice and professional career,Etnies Barge XL; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(JIEFU Homme Mode Chaussures de Sécurité Sport Compétition Trail Entraînement Course Running Baskets Travail Multisports Outdoor Casual).
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However,Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,GJ Sac à bandoulière - Femme de Plage Portable Fleurs Crossbody Bag Leisure Sacs Voyage Mode Lady ,DELSEY PARIS LAUMIERE - Sac à dos 2 compartiments protection PC Noir(TZSWZW Usine Sail Shade Couverture Camouflage Net Jardin Confidentialité et Film de Protection écran Balcon des renseignements personnels Corde Perméable W5Z0W9). Comparable to our results,Urban Backwoods Zodiac Sign Virgo Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'New Balance Lav V1 Hard Court.
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