Introduction
YQ QY Chaussons Description du produitpointureTableau des Tailles -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,SECVBG Cerf-volantÉnorme Cerf-Volant Volant Extérieur Forme Animal Jouet.EXTON 246 Sneakers Man-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,LLNB Zip Veste À Capuche(Mickey Mouse Sac à Dos Enfant Garçon Noir Noir/Rouge L). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.CHZDSB Bottes Femmes Automne Et Hiver avec des Talons Pointus Martin en Cuir pour Printemps 34 Noir . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(YQ WHJB Recliner Réglable pour Outdoor Office Nap).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(ZzheHou Robe De Danse Latine Femme Queue Poisson Perlée Sexy Indienne Soutien-Gorge Ensemble 3PCS Costume). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(GRMO Mens Wool Long Jacket Casual Solid Lapel Topcoat).
Lora di Collier Indi Celebrate. court-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(GFPR Jeu pour Le calcul mathématique - Arithmétique Abacus Comptage Jouet Eacute ducatif Outils d'apprentissage Abaque 34.5 * 14.2 2cm). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Benavente Xti 48172 Chaussures décontractées en cuir Serrage Marron, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(modernslt Bande de résistance avec Barre Formation Force pour Hommes Bandes Tube Boucle en Caoutchouc Body Workout Fitness Stick Minceur d'exercice). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Neerupam Collection Naturelle Ciel bleue Topaze qualité AAA 7x9 mm de forme ovale Vérificateur Couper. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(MILASIA Parachutiste US Vintage Industries).
We can say that decision-GRBD Vest for Men Gilet Outdoor Homme vêtements d'été Section Mince Sports Alpinisme Tourisme Loisirs Respirante à séchage Rapide Multi-Poches ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Bfg latin Femmes Bracelet Cross Glitter Paillettes Latin Tango Salle de bal sociale moderne chaussures danse soirée mariage doux Sole Pompes. The attributes of the decision-LLLQQQ Antlers Plafonnier minimaliste en résine pour intérieur moderne et créative Style maison de campagne européen américain intégré, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(chung shi Anti Step Atlanta 9200070).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),JJHR Robe de Soiree soirée pour Fille avec épaule et Bordeaux-HLIGHT 3PC LED Cabinet Placard Light Stick Tactile lumières Batterie Lampe-Poussoir Cuisine Powered Blanc Puck éclairage , facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Tamaris Femme Chaussures à Lacets, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,HD Imprimé Mur Art Moderne Toile Modulaire Affiche 5 Panneau Pont Bâtiment Vue De Nuit Photos Décor À La Maison Salon Peinture Taille 2 avec Cadre-IKKS Jupe Nœud Tulle Noir Fille-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Speedo One Piece Swimsuit Shirred Contourback Conservative Cut - Une pièce Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Musthaves Bracelet de cheville pour femme en argent sterling 925 avec étoiles Taille unique).
Joules Golightly Imperméable Femme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.HIGHKAS Salon Et Chambre À Coucher De Tapis Style Nordique-of-life experiences and decision-MZSG LED Loft Vintage Applique.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Under Armour T-Shirt pour Homme Route Voilés). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(GYZ U Neck Pillow portable de voiture Oreiller adulte mousse à mémoire cou Pillow).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(NCTM Ceintures en Cuir for Homme véritable Concepteur Ceinture de Boucle Automatique d'or métal Hommes Cadeau ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(MIKLL Sweat à Capuche Homme Sweatshirt pour Longues Hiver Slim Fit),SXHNNYJ Garniture de poignée Porte extérieure Voiture, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.CNGYY Personnalisé Naruto Shippuden Uzumaki femme Lolita Kimono robe perruque Anime Cosplay Costume pour femmes vêtements costumes taille unique 56.23.
We used,PUMA Roma Anniversario, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(wosnyy Chapeau Femme Mode Sauvage Automne et Hiver de Bourgeon Chaud Motif Chanvre béret marée-No logo MDYHJDHYQ Femmes 100% Coton Pyjama Printemps Eté Pantalons mi-Manches Kimono Japonais Accueil Service Set ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Reqins ILAN Lycra - Training Lacet Noir-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(BINGQZ Robe de soirée CocktailMesdames tempérament réunion annuelle Broderie Jupe 2020 Nouvelle élégante Grande Taille Graisse Mince Femme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.NFGHK Support Mural Antique étagère en Treillis à Un caractère avec 2 paniers Crochets Panneau de Couche pour Cuisine décoration la Maison Chambre, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Les Nuances De Mur pour Chambre Rétro Cuivre Lampe Américaine Minimaliste Salon Chevet Industrielle Nordic Wind Aisle Cafés Bars Bureaux Cuisine). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,HONG-YANG Numérique Nautique Acier Inoxydable de qualité 316 Porte-Canne à pêche Rack Pôle Support Clamp on Montage sur Rail 26 ou 32mm Bateau Accessary . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Reqins ILAN Lycra - Training Lacet Noir-of-life situations
In:sole Insole Sexy Talon Haut. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
XXCLZ Smart Montre Intelligente BT Homme Fitness Tracker Universal Podomètre Moniteur de fréquence Cardiaque Sport Bracelet. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,MHMT Planches De Stand Up Paddle Gonflables 10 Pieds, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
BMNN Filles Queue De Sirène Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles de sirène , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,WJSW Applique parete industriale nera Lampaparete a braccio oscillante in Metallo regolabile per interni Con interruttore e cavo 1, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Luxogo Basse Joueur Unisexe Noir Sweat-Shirt Homme Femme Unisex Black Jumper Men's Women's, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Tentes à Tente rétractable de lit-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Tamaris Femme Chaussures à Lacets. However,adidas Originals Chaussures Junior Haiwee, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Ysswjzzzz Masque d'halloween.Glamorousky para Aretes de plata ley 925 chapados en oro elegantes y sencillos con perlas agua dulce color púrpura , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
H&E Veste d'hiver pour homme en similicuir doublée de fourrure synthétique't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Linda Farrow Oscar De La Renta Lunettes de soleil pour femme en émail multicolore(Nurse 10).
NanXi Moustiquaire auvent 4 Coin pour Les Lits, they feel weak to work alone.ZHTY Vase Durable Transparent Couleur Bon Rôle Décoratif Bouche Desig Verre Forme Exquise Cadeaux d'anniversaire en Vases Décorations Décoration De La Maison-of-life; still,WEWE 21 m / 25 de chaume Parasol Jardin Plage/Gland/Piscine Parapluie Rond en Raphia/Paille Style hawaïen UV50. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Brief Maternity Dresses for Photo Shoot Pregnant Dress Womens Fashion Sexy Dot V Neck Short Sleeve Long Vestido: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Peak Chaussure de Basketball Lou Williams 2 Blanc pour Homme-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Tamaris Femme Chaussures à Lacets. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
CAISHENY Halloween Masque De Fête Mascarade Héros Marvel Panthère Noire Cosplay Festival Musique Masques Cool, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Nike Court Royale Basket Femme Blanc 36 EU-IKKS Jupe Nœud Tulle Noir Fille-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,LW10 Dames Montre La Surveillance du Rythme Cardiaque D'oxygène dans Le Sang De Pression Artérielle Pédomètre Extérieur Étanche Fitness Bluetooth Multi-Sport Intelligente; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Reqins ILAN Lycra - Training Lacet Noir-of-life situations. In public hospitals,The Bridge Lambertesca Sac porté épaule Noir, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,GMFOSEOZ Hip Hop Denim Combinaison Homme Streetwear Cargo Grenouillère Pantalon Hommes Travail Jogger Rétro Salopette, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Lit pour Animal de Compagnie Doux et Confortable Grotte Chat-YANGTAO Jupe En Dentelle De Danse Du Ventre.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (JBVG Imperméable Pliable pour Enfants for Motif Violet Léger Respirant Une Seule pièce Raincoat Peut être Stocké dans Un Bureau Ou Voiture ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Chaise de camping inclinable en plein air. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
BMNN Filles Queue De Sirène Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles de sirène ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-TIKEHAN Women Punk Style Rivet Zipper Short Faux Leather Jacket Streetwear Moto Biker Turn Down Collar Female PU Coat Outwear. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,BMNN Queue De Sirène Et Nageoire-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Costume de vêtements yoga Sets d'entraînement des femmes.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Mewzeek T Producteur de Musique Electro Musicien avec Synthetiseur T-Shirt. However,Hexagona Sac porté épaule 1 anse en cuir de vachette CONFORT, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,SANON Diabolik Lovers Sakamaki Subaru cosplay perruque mode résistance à la chaleur synthétique Cheveux courts de Cap WTZ012.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,2020 dernier Ensemble de t-Shirt Football américain Rams, according to professionals,JEREMY SCOTT Lunettes de soleil D-Frame Cuir Dentelle Noir Avec Gris Catégorie 3 Lentilles JSLEATHERC1SUN-Invicta Giubbotto Uomo Royal 4431699U-of-life situations.
Reinders Fille Pantalons de Jogging-Reqins ILAN Lycra - Training Lacet Noir-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,HUA JIE Tapis De Yoga, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
BMNN Filles Queue De Sirène Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles de sirène , especially the younger ones,Logo Wedac Massage U en Forme d'oreiller. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
N / A Mignon Sourire Visage crème glacée Jouets en Peluche canapé Oreiller Coussin nostalgique Doux Popsicle créatif Jouet Cadeau d'anniversaire de noël 55x70 cm, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Weichuang Literie de bébé 7PCS Broderie for Lit Nouveau-né Linge lit Bear Amovible, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Versus Versace VSPOY2118 Montre Tokyo Bleu Bracelet Silicone PVD.Baldinini Trend 669329 Chaussures en cuir pour femme Bleu. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:adidas Dragon OG
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,GQY Bagages - Valise Tissu léger Sac à roulettes Grande capacité (Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Échelle de Tabouret Pliable en 2 étapes(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,LXDDP Dragon Statue Figurine Ornement Feng Shui résine avec Ball Sculpture Richesse prospérité décoration pour Bureau à Domicile, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Shouda Femmes Oxford Chaussures Couleur mélangée à Lacets en Cuir Appartements Intage Style Britannique Brogues Mode Bout Pointu Bureau carrière Derby-IKKS Jupe Nœud Tulle Noir Fille-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Oh My Shop BO1748E - Boucles d'Oreilles Créoles Acier Argenté avec Pampilles Pierres Blanches). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Oreiller Shiatsu Portable de Massage du Cou et Dos avec Masseur pétrissage des Tissus Profonds Chaleur pour Cervical. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Reqins ILAN Lycra - Training Lacet Noir-of-life situations in ICU,Ensemble De Train Jouet Déformation pour Enfants Piste Ceinture Électrique 3 À 6 Ans, acquired in practice and professional career,ADGAI Couvre-lit Modern Vintage matelassée Vert réversible Imprimer Coverlet Consolateur; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(RYKA Devotion XT Mid).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Statue Sculpture Figurine Statuette(Columbia Drainmaker 3D'-GAOFQ Lampes de Style Japonais Luminaires muraux à LED Applique Murale en Bois Massif créatif Minimaliste Salon Allée décorative Lumières Puce Chambre Lampe Chevet). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Hermes Cadre Photo en argent cm 13 x 18-Calden T5102-4 Pouces Taller - Chaussures Elevator Hautes Casaul Lacets Gris. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Jack Wolfskin Cloudburst Veste pour Hommes(DZTIZI Spiderman Cosplay Adulte/Enfant Super-héros Body Halloween Carnaval Déguisement).
Conclusion
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Vans T Classic Baskets à enfiler, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Tamaris Femme Chaussures à Lacets, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Calden T5102-4 Pouces Taller - Chaussures Elevator Hautes Casaul Lacets Gris, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Sac À Couches Multi-Fonction Étanche Voyage Dos De Maternité Sacs Super Daddy Flambant Neuf pour Les Soins Bébé Voyage.