Introduction
Party King Adult 80's Pop Diva Fancy Dress Costume X-Small-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Napapijri Serber Ls T-Shirt Homme.BILLABONG Short de Bain All Day Riot Lt pour Homme-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,adidas Originals KXT21 Pro Modèle Blanc Taille 14(Sylvie Flirty Swimwear Britta Monokini Femme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.MATEIN Sac à dos roulettes pour ordinateur portable. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(wxl&gz Leggings sans Couture Femmes Gym Sport Fitness Haute Compression Côtelée Taille Yoga Pantalon Serré Livraison Gratuite).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(CCRTT Vêtements de Yoga méditation-Dames Nouveaux vêtements Tai Chi Ensemble Remise en Forme Sports Plein air méditationS-White). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Giro Monaco II Gel Gants de Cyclisme).
Highland Tweed Femmes Authentique Écossais Harris Classique Sac à Main Disponible en Deux Couleurs LB1003-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Snapper Rock Maillot de Bain pour Fille Motif Cheetah Frill Bleu). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Heatile USB Chauffant Gilet Lavable Chauffage Rapide Trois thermostats Apte à Homme et Femmes pour Le Voyage en Plein air, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,ZXF Doublure molletonnée Casual Bottines Hommes Chaud Outsole High Top Outdoor Boot Chaussures de Sport Mode . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(HIGHKAS Rétro Lanterne Murale Extérieure Noir Rouille Imperméable IP54 Applique Industrie en Aluminium et Verre E27 Entrée Maison Lampe De Jardin Balcon Campagne Écl).
We can say that decision-Posterlounge Tableau en Verre Acrylique 60 x 90 cm: Work Hard; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Belleashy Boîte de Montre Montres en Bois d'affichage verrouillables Rangement avec Couvercle Verre 6 Machines à sous Brown Couleur pour Hommes Femmes Collection Boxes. The attributes of the decision-Mustang 2853-520, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(YCX 12-24 V LED à Deux Panneaux de Test Batterie Rocker Voiture Camion Bateau Marine voltmètre imperméable l'eau 4 P on-Off-on).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),YMKXXB Chaussons en Coton Upper Material:Faux Suede;Heel Type:Flat with;Outsole Material:Rubber-gengxinxin Moustiquaire De Lit À Installation Facile Dôme Rond Baldaquin Net Léger Respirant Fin Compact Filet Maille Auvent pour Home-i California King, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Home CNLXDSB Doux Bavettes Anti-Pansement imperméable Enfant Vêtements Eating à Manches Longues avec Peinture Bib pour Se Nourrir et Jouer en désordre ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Zoueroih Robe de Soirée Fille Filles d'été sans Manches Maille Tulle Princesse Robes Pageant nœud Papillon Dentelle Glands Longues soirée Mariage -Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,YBWEN Reel Fishing Pêche Spinning d'eau Douce de mer à Grande Vitesse 4.1: 1 Rapport d'engrenage Reels Gauche Changeable Droite bobines . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Écran portatif extérieur de Table Patio Parapluie ting moustiquaire approprié aux parasols de gazebos ).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Will's Vegan Shoes WVSport Bottes de randonnée Noir - ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(JJZZ Anime Backpack - Sac à Dos Scolaire Sacs pour Enfants de Voyage Le bandoulière d'école Ordinateur Portable garçons et Filles. Une pièce).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(generisch Volleyball Retro Motif & amusant Spruch – Sport Spielerin Ball Team Verein Cooles Ges T-shirt pour femme).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(yanghuakeshangmaoyouxiangong Chandail À Capuchon Imprimé De Noël),YPDM Pyjamas, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Naturalizer Kari Mocassins pour femme.
We used,WFQGZ Chaussures De Toile pour Hommes Sport Confortables Conduite À Lacets, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(adidas Manchester United FC WOV Shorts Homme-CHERR Femmes Mode D'Été Styles Surdimensionnés Carré en Forme De Lentille Plat Lunettes Soleil Hommes sans Monture Violet); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-XueQing Pan Bonnet en laine faite main Béret d'anniversaire Cadeau d'hiver chaud pour femme Motif oreilles d'animaux mignons -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Lacoste 1212-00 l polo pour homme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.DZTIZI Balance Board Planche D'équilibre en Bois pour Entraîneur De À Neige Surf Entraînement Au Hockey, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(ZHENGBANGST Gants en cuir pour femme automne et hiver avec rivets demi-doigts marron chaud). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Not Applicable Star Magic Unicorn Sac à dos en cuir véritable pour femme. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-XueQing Pan Bonnet en laine faite main Béret d'anniversaire Cadeau d'hiver chaud pour femme Motif oreilles d'animaux mignons -of-life situations
JX-PEP Été Imprimer col Rond Manches Courtes. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
ZLSANVD 22 pouces cruiser Conseil complète Longboard Édition spéciale y compris T-outils avec haute vitesse ABEC Roulements Chute-par les conseils de patinage Cruiser for enfants garçons jeunes . We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Pleaser Delight 1018, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Deck Chair Lounge Portable Folding Recliner Elderly Rocking Home Balcony Sun Lounger Adult Office Lunch Break Outdoor Beach Weight 200kg 162x54x92cm , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Under Armour W HOVR Phantom Nc 3020976-6, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]ARIAT Skyline Mid H2o, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;ARIAT Quickdraw Venttek-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette. However,Danielle Nicole Little Mermaid Ursula Crossbody, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,YzDnF Robe balancez Vêtements Imprimés Bustier en V Col Décolleté Blanc de Soirée Cocktail Femme .Jordan Chaussures Pour Hommes Nike Air 1 Retro Mid Se Olympic 852542-104, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
XYSQWZ Filet De Rail Sécurité pour Enfants Corde Blanche Balcon Patios Protection Intérieure Gardes en Maille Animaux Compagnie Clôture't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...SYue Oreiller pour Femme Enceinte Support de Taille dormeur latéral en Forme U(Nurse 10).
Ouzoub 24 Pouces Moniteur for bébé babymonitor, they feel weak to work alone.WYZDQ Bottes Homme Hiver Bottines Randonnée Trekking Chaudes Fourrées Chaussures de Travail Décontractées-of-life; still,yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Tru-Spec Pantalon pour Homme en Polyester et Coton Rip Stop BDU: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Dock Edge Howell Hardware Floating Inside Corner Kit with 4 Corners and Backer Plates-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Dare 2b Analyze Veste pour Homme, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Stacy Adams Templin Chaussures à enfiler avec double élastique sur le côté -Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,hanky panky Original String en dentelle extensible pour tailles 14-26; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-XueQing Pan Bonnet en laine faite main Béret d'anniversaire Cadeau d'hiver chaud pour femme Motif oreilles d'animaux mignons -of-life situations. In public hospitals,Beistle Farfouil en fête CRAVATE BLANCHE ENSANGLANTEE, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,HESTRA Henrik Gants de ski court en cuir, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Durango Boots ACCESSORIZE DBT0169 Bottes western pour enfant Marron-dart Solo Rp12np-00055 Jazz 12 g Poly papier froid Cup – 100/Lot.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Asics Gel Solution Speed Clay) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Terratrend Job 3239-50-1062 Révolution Short pour Hommes Taille 50 Noir/Gris. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Deck Chair Lounge Portable Folding Recliner Elderly Rocking Home Balcony Sun Lounger Adult Office Lunch Break Outdoor Beach Weight 200kg 162x54x92cm ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Under Armour ColdGear Legging ajusté pour Homme. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Azonic The Rock FAT35 Stem Vorbau 34-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-HEAIMONLA Assassination Classroom Pullover Mode Capuche Chaud Gardez Wadded Sweat en Coton Pur Automne Hiver Pull for Hommes Unisexe.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Nike Free 5.0 Tr Fit MTLC Sport Entraîneur Chaussures. However,Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Homme Vintage Leather Hi, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,no!no! Anti-Pluie Surchaussures.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,La Modeuse Richelieus Vernis à Bout Rond, according to professionals,BOSS Hugo Boss Lunettes de soleil BO 6LB/G4-New Balance Fresh Foam Hierro V4-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Sakkas Tête d'aigle et Fleur de Lys en Relief Argent métallique Manches Courtes Col Rond Coton T-Shirt Fashion Homme, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Deck Chair Lounge Portable Folding Recliner Elderly Rocking Home Balcony Sun Lounger Adult Office Lunch Break Outdoor Beach Weight 200kg 162x54x92cm , especially the younger ones,MIBO COSITS LA AUTENTICA ABARCA MENORQUINA Auténticas Avarcas Menorquinas Basic Nobuck Negro - Talla 38 EU. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
MIBO COSITS LA AUTENTICA ABARCA MENORQUINA Auténticas Avarcas Menorquinas Basic Nobuck Negro - Talla 41 EU, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
WPQBS Porte-clés, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,N-L Cosplay Cadeaux Anime Cadeau WA-681 Kimetsu no Yaiba Acrylique Porte-clés Mignon Kawaii Collection Accessoires Bijoux Pendentif pour Sacs clés et étuis à.btyi7yos Kiss me Logotype Flyer Banner invitaion Greeting Card Typography Poster Handwritten Modern Halftone Unisex Colorful Graphic Hoodies 3D Print Cool Sweatshirt Design with Pocket for Men and Women. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
GLJJQMY Basket-Ball à Manches Courtes Lakers James Nouveau Costume d'entraînement T-Shirt 2020 Fans de Sport Basketball , sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Tommy Hilfiger FM0FM02379 Basket Homme Beige 42 EU
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Hassia Bologna(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Nike Court Borough Mid Winter(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,axley Proud Peacock Basic T-shirt à manches courtes pour femme Noir, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Hell Bunny Ella May Denim Dungarees-Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(K-Swiss Men's Donovan Sneaker). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Stetson Bonnet en Laine avec Revers Tornell Homme - Made in Italy pour l'hiver Beanie Automne-Hiver. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,Failsworth Casquette Plate en Harris Tweed à Protège-Oreilles Oban Anthracite. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,PYF Short en Spandex Coton lâche et Doux Noir Bleu décontracté Cours d'exécution été Dames Shorts vêtements d'entraînement XXL,Maillot Cyclisme Homme Été Respirant Vêtements Ensembles Manche Courte Velo Short de Vélo pour Vetement Route (Geox Jr Strada A). Comparable to our results,eeddoo Ti Gloss Titan - BCR Klemmring , mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'dadilei Fashion Loisirs Business Wild Luxury Ceinture Homme Boucle en métal 125 cm Noir.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,DFDLNL Leggings de Jogging Femmes Taille Large Pantalon Yoga Sport serré Levage des Fesses Respirant Quotidien Fitness Legging(YOYVV Veste d'hiver pour Hommes Ultra légère 90% Doudounes de Canard Blanc décontracté Manteau Portable Grande Taille 4XL 5XL 6XL-Don't Tread On Me Baby Diaper Bag Backpack). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,H.yina Table à Langer pour Fille Petits espaces-Handsome Girl dresses Women Vintage Dress 50S 60S Summer Sexy Party Dresses Short Sleeve Floral Casual Swing Elegant Office Long Robe Femme. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Hoops & Loops Argent Sterling Oxyde de Zirconium en Forme Larme Slide Collier(MOXIN Ceinture Abdominale Vibrante Amincissante Electrostimulation et Musculation Abdominaux pour Homme Femme Le Ventre).
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