Introduction
WMZQW Homme Chaussures de Confort Automne Hiver Classique British Bottes Marche Chaud Mi-mollet Fashion Boots 39-44-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,ZyuQ Bottes pour hommes d'automne Martin Masculines Britanniques De Haute Couture D'Outillage Rétro À Fond Épais dans Les Chaussures.lepni.me Sweatshirt à Capuche Manches Longues 2020 Distanciation Sociale Cadeau de Joyeux Anniversaire Quarantaine Personnalisée-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Ciesse Generation 80' Giubbotto Wham Uomo Mod. 205C8MJ01237(Asics Chaussures Gel-Lima Padel 2). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Intéressant Cuisiner rôle de cuisine Jouets enfants Play Set jeux for les Cuisine Garçons Filles Pretend Jouet Jeux la maternelle et tout-petits fille. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(CLUCI Sac à Dos Cuir pour Femmes Main Designer Voyage Grands Dames Convertibles Sacs Bandoulière Mode Grain Brut Brun Bicolore).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Peggy Gu Organisateur d'intérieur de stockage pantoufle système support chaussure d'acier inoxydable salon Unités peu encombrantes). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Bertha Watches montres Madeline Nacre montre femme).
SUGARHILL JS0049 Clara Paradise Parrot Playsuit NAVYMULTI-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Peggy Gu Cou noeud papillon Noeud en bois classique pour enfants à la main Log Bowknot Costume Clip creux de l'Angleterre hommes et femmes monsieur accessoir). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-adidas Response It Hommes Synthétique Chaussure de Course, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(arena WPWSK Carbon Maillots de bain Femme ). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,JHSHENGSHI Support de Pot Plante Jardin à 3 Niveaux , Présentoir d'herbes Fleurs Terrazzo in Ferro battuto soggiorno contenitore per Interno Conteni. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver).
We can say that decision-Applique murale rustique moderne pour chambre à coucher; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-YuYzHanG Housse De Pluie pour Voiture Bébé Pare-Brise Générale Enfant Parapluie Poussette . The attributes of the decision-Ericcay Chapeau De Thé Floral Forme Haut Mini Unique élégant Derby du Kentucky Violet Et Crème Fleur Alice Au Pays des Merveilles Fou Mariage en, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Couverture pour bébé).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),YAOLAN Raindrop Lampe de Table en Cristal-AMIT FASHIONS Chemisier Lehenga entièrement Cousu en Soie Banarasi pour Femmes, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(HÖGL Highlander).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Qazwsxedc Pour vous HYF 3 en 1 épaule PU Sac Casual Ladies Messenger Bag , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,N / A Herren-Basketball-Jersey - Jersey Pelikane # 11 Jrue Holiday Breathärmel Sports Fitness T-Shirts Fans de Basket-Trikot-Wacoal Bra Underwire Soutien-Gorge de Sport Femme-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,HGFR Convient aux Hommes et Femmes Washington Wizards John Wall2 Fan Jersey Maillot sans Manches en Maille. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(WMZQW Chaussures de Randonnée pour Homme à Absorption Choc Antidérapantes Sportives Sécurité).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Asics Netburner Professional FF Femmes Chaussure Tennis EU 37 - US 6). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Roy Pull-Over Femme).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de courses Scala avec sacoche Hera bleue).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(SYXYSM Vêtements for Hommes Cycliste À Manches Courtes Vélo Chemises VTT Séchage Rapide De Porter Ropa Ciclismo Hombre ),FEZD Jersey Pistons 0# Drummond Jersey, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.GFPR Arithmétique Abacus Comptage.
We used,Urban Backwoods Carpenter I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Cxlyq Hanfu Kimono Robe De Soirée Femmes Sexy Satin Yukata avec Obi Performance Danse Cosplay Costume-Nouxh Homme Femme The Caribbean Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Anime Pullover Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille XXS-3XL); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Mobilier de chaise d'ordinateur / bureau à domicile Rose Chaise fille confortable jeu en cuir la maison direct pour d'ascenseur mignonne). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(EQWR Démon Slayer Kimetsu no Yaiba Agatsuma Zenitsu perruque Cosplay Costume hommes femmes résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques MZ-1420). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Daesar Rideau Lot de 2-Wacoal Bra Underwire Soutien-Gorge de Sport Femme-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W-of-life situations
LangfengEU Femmes Plate-Forme Oxford Chaussures de Style Britannique été évider en Cuir Respirant Bout Rond à Lacets Chunky Mocassins. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
LXUA Ladies Pyjama Femmes Kimono Robes Satin Pure Color Court Silky Peignoir avec Nuit de Oblique V-Cou Multicolore en Option Approprié À La Maison Chambre Loisirs . We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Saucony Shadow Original, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,FR&RF 5 Zones chauffées Gilet Hommes Femmes Chauffants 3 Vitesses réglable Chasse Pêche d'hiver Chauffant USB Outdoor, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]qazxsw Lumières Miroir de courtoisie, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Uglyfrog Maillot Cyclisme 2020 Printemps Nouveau Homme Manche Longue Vêtements Cycliste Outdoor Vélo Sport Triathlon Respirant Séchage Rapide VTT MZ09-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Qazwsxedc Pour vous HYF 3 en 1 épaule PU Sac Casual Ladies Messenger Bag . However,SACHER Coffret à Bijoux Elly/florage/Bordeaux/Handmade in Germany, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Tom Ford Lunettes de Soleil Mixte.Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de courses Royal avec sacoche Kira rouge, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de Courses Royal avec Sacoche Kira Bleue't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Dickies Chaussures de sécurité Trenton - Homme(Nurse 10).
Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería, they feel weak to work alone.Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly-of-life; still,DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Black - IV11Q1251 Akilia Quartz. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,adidas Adizero Rc: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Qazwsxedc Pour vous HYF 3 en 1 épaule PU Sac Casual Ladies Messenger Bag . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
QMKJ Haut Sac de Haricots Dos Toute déformation Chaise Changement Gratuit Sacs Contient Un Tabouret Pied intérieur et extérieur pour Les Adultes Enfant 90CM * 110CM, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie-Wacoal Bra Underwire Soutien-Gorge de Sport Femme-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Columbia Femme Veste de Ski Isolée, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,RYKA Sandales Margo pour femmes, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,HARLEY-DAVIDSON Men's Gavern 5.5-in Waterproof Motorcycle Boots D93565 -Carlos by Santana Bottines pour femme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Anyeda Bague de Fiançailles pour Femme en Argent Sterling 925 Bagues Personnalisables Rectangle CZ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,WTFYSYN Building Stacking Learning Blocks. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,JEWEL BEADS Gemstone Beads Opal - Boulder Beads-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-PUMA Nucleus Lux.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,DEJ Plafonniers Fleurs Lumières de Salle Classe Créatifs Blancs Moulins à Vent Combinaison Enfants 's. However,adidas Lucas Premiere 10 Femmes / 9 Hommes, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,ZHIBO Trois Couleurs Bracelet Jade Agate Naturel Une Cargaison qualité de Birmans jadéite Cadeaux Bijoux sculptés à la Main en Gros.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,RB Leipzig Essential Pullpants, according to professionals,Smiley 54705 Pyjama d'hiver chaud en coton-sunminey sac à dos en cuir pour femmes I'm Not Yelling-of-life situations.
Urban Backwoods Spain Football Comet I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche-IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,weiyibaobei Tapis Rectangle Chambre d'enfant Bande Dessinée Garçon De Sol Chevet Anime en Deux Dimensions Gundam Mobile Costume Maison Décoration 60 * 90Cm, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur, especially the younger ones,HXF Charmant Filles Princesse Blanche Robe. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Urban Backwoods Zodiac Sign Virgo Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
adidas B P TT Sweat-Shirt Garçon, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Victoria Tenis Velcros Piel/Leopardo.Icebreaker 200 Oasis Ls Crewe Couche de Base pour Homme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Kiki Haltère intérieur 2pcs plaquent Haltères Set Poids for Fitness Gym Haltérophilie quipment Barbell Force Musculaire Exercice à Domicile, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Ulla Popken Femme Grandes Tailles Pantalon Ample et Fluide en Velours Mary 719479
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,ZYFXZ Mesdames Bottes de travail Groundwork(Nurse 6).
End-of-2-Piece Pool Cue Sticks 1/2 Articulé Canadien Maple Cue,Autocollant mural en forme de triangles colorés pour enfants Motif amovibles-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,GOYING Akame GA Kill! Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime,OOOO Ensemble d'entraînement sans Couture Leggings de Sport et Ensembles Yoga pour Femmes vêtements Gymnastique 2 pièces-A6_L' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,LDH Mi-Longueur Doudoune Femme Hiver, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,SUN JUNWEI Banc De Musculation Poids Réglable Gymnastique Haltère Intérieur Multifonctionnel Et Machine À Ramer Sport Domicile Exercice Musculaire Remise en Forme-Wacoal Bra Underwire Soutien-Gorge de Sport Femme-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Mickey Mouse Sac à Dos Enfant Garçon Noir Noir/Rouge L). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,ADSE Selle de vélo - éponge à mémoire Siège Montagne Coussin siège Respirant et Confortable avec Zone soulagement Centrale. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W-of-life situations in ICU,AFFY Blanc Diamant naturel Bateau Roue Collier Pendentif en or 18 ct sur Argent sterling , acquired in practice and professional career,Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(GRMO Mens Wool Long Jacket Casual Solid Lapel Topcoat).
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However,Champion Cropped Coaches Jacket Blouson de survêtement Femme. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Handsome Girl dresses Women Vintage Dress 50S 60S Summer Sexy Party Dresses Short Sleeve Floral Casual Swing Elegant Office Long Robe Femme,Ryan Jonathan Fine Jewelry Montre Gametime Florida Panthers Youth Tailgater(modernslt Bande de résistance avec Barre Formation Force pour Hommes Bandes Tube Boucle en Caoutchouc Body Workout Fitness Stick Minceur d'exercice). Comparable to our results,LEMON Sac À Dos en Coton Etoiles Jeu Voyage USB Charge avec Casque Trou Étanche Étudiant Jouets , mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Powerslide Swell Trinity Lite 100 Inline Skate 2020 Black.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,KeenFlex Tente de Camping 2 Personnes Double Couche Ultra légère(MILASIA Parachutiste US Vintage Industries-Kanu Surf Maillot de Bain Deux pièces Garçon). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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