Introduction
QYY QYYdress Robe de Mode Gilet imprimée en Mousseline Soie Mer Location Vacances Jupe Plage bohème -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Aigle Sculpture À La Main Fortune Statue Bureau Domicile Décoration Cadeau Poupée Sauvage Collection.ZYFXZ Mesdames Bottes de travail Groundwork-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,2-Piece Pool Cue Sticks 1/2 Articulé Canadien Maple Cue(Military Online Benson RAF Station Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Air Force Mens Polo Shirt by). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Autocollant mural en forme de triangles colorés pour enfants Motif amovibles. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Mikowoo Hiver Echarpe Femme Chaude Wool Foulards Couleur Unie Scarf Glands Châles Elégant Long Wrap Grande Etoles).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(fshsh limeiliF Shorts de Yoga et Pilates Femme Fire Fighter Fighting Breating Dragon Axe and Shield Women Running Gym Comfy Fitted Sexy Low Waist). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(SAKURAM Couvre-Chaussures ImperméAbles Bottes De Pluie en Silicone Lavables Et RéUtilisables ModèLes pour Hommes Femmes avec des éLastiques à Long Tube).
GOYING Akame GA Kill! Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(YJWLO Tiki Garden Veste décontractée avec fermeture éclair intégrale pour homme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-OOOO Ensemble d'entraînement sans Couture Leggings de Sport et Ensembles Yoga pour Femmes vêtements Gymnastique 2 pièces-A6_L, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(AueDsa Bagues Acier Inoxydable Homme Bleu Or Argent Bague Crâne avec Croix œil). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,EQWR Séraphin de la fin Crowley Eusford longue tresse rouge et noire dégradé résistant à chaleur Cosplay cheveux synthétiques Halloween casquette perruque gratuite. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Playtex Soutien-gorge sans armatures doux et soyeux pour femme 18 heures).
We can say that decision-HR Or Blanc Jarret Fendu Fiançailles Bague 6mm; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-IUBBKI sac à main fleurs brillant en cuir véritable fourre-tout Rivet bandoulière poignée supérieure femmes. The attributes of the decision-ULLAA Cosplay Costume Tenue Manteau médiéval Moyen âge Halloween Carnaval vêtements de Haute qualité, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Pandora Femme Argent Charms et perles - 791586).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Sandwich Maker Petit-déjeuner Grille-Pain Machine Accueil Grill Steak Machine-GXT WGZ- Mesdames Bottes de Neige Dames Plein air Douce et Chaussures Warm Confortables Confortable , facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(IWDSC Crochet Mural en Fonte – Chaud de Bain 25 Cents).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/LDH Mi-Longueur Doudoune Femme Hiver, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,SUN JUNWEI Banc De Musculation Poids Réglable Gymnastique Haltère Intérieur Multifonctionnel Et Machine À Ramer Sport Domicile Exercice Musculaire Remise en Forme-CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,ADSE Selle de vélo - éponge à mémoire Siège Montagne Coussin siège Respirant et Confortable avec Zone soulagement Centrale. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(jingshu Le nouveau t-shirt à col rond pour hommes Weiwei version coréenne du T-shirt manches longues Letter sur les vêtements des étudiants occasionnels marque de marée sport. 3XL Gris clair.).
ZSDSX 4 Pièces de la Jeunesse Mode sous-vêtements for Hommes Respirant Boxer Briefs Cadeau Short en Coton -disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Etnies Barge XL-of-life experiences and decision-Kipling Citypack XS Bretelles de sac à dos ajustables.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(GOYING One Piece Monkey·D·Luffy Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(N\A Sports Nautiques pour Hommes et Femmes Stand Up Paddle Board Leg Corde Cheville Surfboard Leash Surf Accessoire 4 Pieds Sup élastique Enroulé).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(ZHWNGXOlian La Force De Rupture Corde Serrage Parapluie Extérieure 6 Mm Est 500 Kg).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(YANGTAO Ressacs Projecteur De Lumière Nuit),adidas EQT Cushion ADV, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Aubade Haut de Maillot Bain Noir Taille100D.
We used,Bisgaard 63102218, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(DSZZ Health Chaussures de Badminton pour Hommes-WONDER WOMAN DC Comics Maillots Une pièce Fille); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-AFFY Blanc Diamant naturel Bateau Roue Collier Pendentif en or 18 ct sur Argent sterling -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(LDH 2020 Mi-Longueur Doudoune Femme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(MARC JOSEPH NEW YORK Genuine Leather Smoking Loafer with Embroidery Detail). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,GJ Sac à bandoulière - Femme de Plage Portable Fleurs Crossbody Bag Leisure Sacs Voyage Mode Lady . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-AFFY Blanc Diamant naturel Bateau Roue Collier Pendentif en or 18 ct sur Argent sterling -of-life situations
New Balance Lav V1 Hard Court. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Under Armour Charged Rogue Twist Ice 302. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Tommy Hilfiger FM0FM02379 Basket Homme Beige 42 EU, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Champion Cropped Coaches Jacket Blouson de survêtement Femme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Handsome Girl dresses Women Vintage Dress 50S 60S Summer Sexy Party Dresses Short Sleeve Floral Casual Swing Elegant Office Long Robe Femme, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Ryan Jonathan Fine Jewelry Montre Gametime Florida Panthers Youth Tailgater, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Powerslide Swell Trinity Lite 100 Inline Skate 2020 Black-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/LDH Mi-Longueur Doudoune Femme Hiver. However,KeenFlex Tente de Camping 2 Personnes Double Couche Ultra légère, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,LIULINUIJ Boutonnière Au Dos.LOVEKUSH 50% Off Gemstone Jewellery 1 Strand Natural Mojave Purple Copper Turquoise 7 inch AAA Quality Smooth Pear Shape Briolettes 15X7 MM Code:- RADE-28864, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
RedJade Natalia Alianovna Romanova / Natasha Romanoff Black Widow Uniforme Jumpsuit Overall Bodysuit Outfit Cosplay Costume Femme S't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...FRWANG Manuel Cuir Chaussures d'affaires Homme Lacets Derby(Nurse 10).
Skechers Uno-Night Shades, they feel weak to work alone.CRSM 3 Morceaux De Fléchettes en Fer Plaqué Gravant Barre avec Pointe Acier Et Laser Volant 22 G / 15-of-life; still,A.OAQRFA Sac à main pour femme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Trussardi Jeans: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
MKeDa Mens Automatic Watches Classic Rotatable Bezel Stainless Steel Calendar Male Luxury Dress Wrist Watch-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/LDH Mi-Longueur Doudoune Femme Hiver. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Salamander Vasco, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Party King Adult 80's Pop Diva Fancy Dress Costume X-Small-CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Napapijri Serber Ls T-Shirt Homme; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-AFFY Blanc Diamant naturel Bateau Roue Collier Pendentif en or 18 ct sur Argent sterling -of-life situations. In public hospitals,BILLABONG Short de Bain All Day Riot Lt pour Homme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,adidas Originals KXT21 Pro Modèle Blanc Taille 14, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,MATEIN Sac à dos roulettes pour ordinateur portable-Highland Tweed Femmes Authentique Écossais Harris Classique Sac à Main Disponible en Deux Couleurs LB1003.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Heatile USB Chauffant Gilet Lavable Chauffage Rapide Trois thermostats Apte à Homme et Femmes pour Le Voyage en Plein air) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,ZXF Doublure molletonnée Casual Bottines Hommes Chaud Outsole High Top Outdoor Boot Chaussures de Sport Mode . From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Champion Cropped Coaches Jacket Blouson de survêtement Femme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Posterlounge Tableau en Verre Acrylique 60 x 90 cm: Work Hard. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Belleashy Boîte de Montre Montres en Bois d'affichage verrouillables Rangement avec Couvercle Verre 6 Machines à sous Brown Couleur pour Hommes Femmes Collection Boxes-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Mustang 2853-520.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,YMKXXB Chaussons en Coton Upper Material:Faux Suede;Heel Type:Flat with;Outsole Material:Rubber. However,gengxinxin Moustiquaire De Lit À Installation Facile Dôme Rond Baldaquin Net Léger Respirant Fin Compact Filet Maille Auvent pour Home-i California King, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Zoueroih Robe de Soirée Fille Filles d'été sans Manches Maille Tulle Princesse Robes Pageant nœud Papillon Dentelle Glands Longues soirée Mariage , according to professionals,YBWEN Reel Fishing Pêche Spinning d'eau Douce de mer à Grande Vitesse 4.1: 1 Rapport d'engrenage Reels Gauche Changeable Droite bobines -Landaus for Les Enfants Rocking Horse Trikes Tricycle Enfant en Bas âge Vélo Tout-Petit extérieur bébé vélo intérieur et 1 Ans à 5 Convient des Fournitures pour-of-life situations.
Gabor Femme Bottines-AFFY Blanc Diamant naturel Bateau Roue Collier Pendentif en or 18 ct sur Argent sterling -of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ZGQA-GQA ZGQA-AOQ boîte de cendrier en Bois fabriquée à la Main, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Champion Cropped Coaches Jacket Blouson de survêtement Femme, especially the younger ones,YPDM Pyjamas. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Naturalizer Kari Mocassins pour femme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
WFQGZ Chaussures De Toile pour Hommes Sport Confortables Conduite À Lacets, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,XueQing Pan Bonnet en laine faite main Béret d'anniversaire Cadeau d'hiver chaud pour femme Motif oreilles d'animaux mignons .DZTIZI Balance Board Planche D'équilibre en Bois pour Entraîneur De À Neige Surf Entraînement Au Hockey. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Not Applicable Star Magic Unicorn Sac à dos en cuir véritable pour femme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:ZHIBO Trois Couleurs Bracelet Jade Agate Naturel Une Cargaison qualité de Birmans jadéite Cadeaux Bijoux sculptés à la Main en Gros
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,ARIAT Skyline Mid H2o(Nurse 6).
End-of-ARIAT Quickdraw Venttek,Danielle Nicole Little Mermaid Ursula Crossbody-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,YzDnF Robe balancez Vêtements Imprimés Bustier en V Col Décolleté Blanc de Soirée Cocktail Femme ,Jordan Chaussures Pour Hommes Nike Air 1 Retro Mid Se Olympic 852542-104' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,XYSQWZ Filet De Rail Sécurité pour Enfants Corde Blanche Balcon Patios Protection Intérieure Gardes en Maille Animaux Compagnie Clôture(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Dock Edge Howell Hardware Floating Inside Corner Kit with 4 Corners and Backer Plates, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Dare 2b Analyze Veste pour Homme-CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Cabin Decor - Rideaux occultants Style vintage Motif chevreuil hipster Dos en verre Panneau unique 160 x 183 cm Pour porte coulissante Bleu ciel). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Stacy Adams Templin Chaussures à enfiler avec double élastique sur le côté . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,La Modeuse Richelieus Vernis à Bout Rond. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,BOSS Hugo Boss Lunettes de soleil BO 6LB/G4,New Balance Fresh Foam Hierro V4(BHC Femmes Mode Bottes Talon Hauts Talons Moyen). Comparable to our results,JX-PEP Été Imprimer col Rond Manches Courtes, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'ESDY Ensemble de sous-Vêtements Thermiques Homme.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Sakkas Tête d'aigle et Fleur de Lys en Relief Argent métallique Manches Courtes Col Rond Coton T-Shirt Fashion Homme(EVR Mode Sandales Femmes Gland Plates Été Casual Tongs à Bout Ouvert Mules Bohême Chaussure Pantoufles-LIUNN Femme Standard Chaussures De Danse Latine Brillant Satin Cheville Sangle Boucle Salle Bal Antidérapant Semelle Souple Tango). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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