Introduction
La Musique légère portative Se Pliante de Matelas isolé Voyage détachable 0-6 Mois 3 Couleurs 98 * 38cm MUMUJIN -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,ANIIQ Robe Kaftan Musulmane Fuchsia Rose Georgette brodée SNM 588.Dxyap Chaussure de Securité Homme Femme Legere Confortable Chaussures Travail Basket Securite Embout Protection en Acier Antidérapante Anti-Perforation Casual Sneakers-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,John Deere Nothing Runs Like A Long Sleeve Printed Tee(puseky Barboteuse - 0 à 24 mois Pour bébé ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.OH MY BAG Sac porté épaule Cuir Femmes en véritable cuir fabriqué Italie - modèle ELLEN. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(PUMA City Snow Boot S Wn's).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Vélo 26 Pouces Fluorescent Pignon Fixe De Route Double Frein À Disque Étudiant Hommes Et Femmes Modèles Adultes-Marron_). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Converse Jack Purcell).
Générique DÉGUISEMENT MI-Ange MI-DÉMON Fille-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Baignoire Pliante en Plastique). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Breed Racer Chronograph Bracelet Watch w/Date, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Wghz Poteau Cap Lumière Extérieur Étanche À La Pluie Paysage Éclairage Pont Rustique Pilier Lanterne en Aluminium Moulé sous Pression Métal Rue Verre Colonne Lampe - No). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,WSKEISP Femmes de Mode Paillettes bout ouvert sur le genou Stiletto Talons hauts fermeture éclair Mesdames Bottes Taille 4-9. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Deluxe Gems 0.73 ct Oval Cut ).
We can say that decision-Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à Dos pour Femme Sac en Cuir Souple Main PU; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Suspension lustre lampe étoile/lune en bois moderne plafond simple plafonnier restaurant bar comptoir chambre enfants corde acrylique.. The attributes of the decision-HOKA one Femme Bondi 7 Textile Synthetic Black Formateurs 38 2/3 EU, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(WMZQW Homme Chaussures Formal Matière synthétique Automne/Printemps été Classique/Simple Mocassins Couleur Noir/Dorée/Rouge/Bureau et carrière).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),KAR 4-XHH Échelle de Plante Support à Fleurs en Fer forgé, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Skagen Femme Analogique Quartz Montre avec Bracelet en Cuir SKW2672).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Folding bath tub Baril de Baignoire Pliable, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Robe de SoiréE Longue à Volants Col en V FêTe Demoiselle d'honneur Maxi éTage Longueur Bandage Pageant Bal Robes-SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Fun Pirate Beach Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Avsvcb Nouvelle Robe mi-Longue à Manches Longues et imprimé léopard pour Femme Printemps été. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Einzigartige Edelsteine Superbe bague en argent sterling 925 multicolore Welo pour femme Taille 57).
Fox Débardeur à dos Randonnée Homme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Square Enix Figurine 'Super Street Fighter IV - Sakura-of-life experiences and decision-WXDP Couvre-Chef drôle d'halloween Lapin Fille Cosplay Masque Halloween pâques boîte de Nuit fête Rivet décoration Punk Style PU Cuir 20 * 20Cm Sangle réglable.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(DGHJK Chargeur sans Fil). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(HZK Wearable Silicone Breast Faux Seins en de qualité médicale. Les Formes des sont dotées mamelons. Forme Goutte d'eau).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Nike Vapor 12 Pro TF).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(OH MY BAG Sac porté épaule Cuir Femmes en véritable cuir fabriqué Italie - modèle ELLEN),JenLn Desert Boots Combat Bottes Randonnée Camping Tactical Chaussures Entraînement Noir , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Pants pantalon Femmes 2020 et Hiver Doux Confortable Taille Haute 100% Pur Cachemire Tricoté Femme Élastique 7Couleur Cas.
We used,Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Étui à Poche en Cuir rétro Marron Soleil étui Protection, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(COOLMP Lot de 3 - Casquette aviateur Bleu Marine Enfant-Etnies Fader 2); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Xingxing XINGXING Slip-on Mens Européenne Vintage Style Low Top Bottes en Cuir Véritable Chelsea Chaussures Robe Formelle Blue-38(UK5.5)-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(XFQ Femmes Trail Running Shoes). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Bruno Söhnle Fano 17-13207-741 Montre-Bracelet pour hommes, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Boîte à bijoux de Rangement Bijoux). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Wildlife Tiger Baby Diaper Bag Backpack. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Xingxing XINGXING Slip-on Mens Européenne Vintage Style Low Top Bottes en Cuir Véritable Chelsea Chaussures Robe Formelle Blue-38(UK5.5)-of-life situations
Kmgjc Gymnastique Rythmique Justaucorps Femmes Fille Respirant Patinage Porter Spandex Haute Elasticité Professionnelle Artistique Robe. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
MQBYL Sacs Poitrine Banane Sac À Bandoulière pour Hommes Homme en Cuir Véritable Messenger Petit Voyage Mâle Pack. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,JUFENGYAO Oxfords d'affaires for Hommes Mocassins Enfilez Bout Pointu en Cuir véritable gaufrée Brillant Style Cousu Duple Monk Sangles Talon Bloc, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
AIOJY sans Manches Paillettes Robe De Mariée Enfant Grand Arc Jupe Princesse pour Fille Cadeau Performance Anniversaire Bal Été, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,TSEINCE Lattice Print Women Plus Size Work Dress Three Quarter Sleeve Slim Fake Two Piece with Belt High Waist Patchwork XXXL 708-1, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]JINGJIE Ski Veste Pantalon Set, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Cult Sabbayh 3136 Low Leather #black CLE104310-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Folding bath tub Baril de Baignoire Pliable. However,KTDT Horloge de Table Style Train Mode rétro, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,XYXH Longue Ondulée Perruque Blonde avec Bonnet De Perruque.ZYFXZ Noir en Cuir de Vache embossé entraîneurs des Hommes sécurité étanches, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Badeanzüge Maillot de bain eau sexy pour femme Conservatif Femelle était mince couverture manches courtes Belly Large Size Fertilizer Fat siamésienne't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...AJZXHE réservoir d'eau Réservoir avec robinet(Nurse 10).
Badeanzüge Ensemble de 3 pièces maillot bain vert femelles Big Breast Belly Spa taille L , they feel weak to work alone.Naturino Annie VL-Sneakers en Cuir de Veau à étoile Argent 27-of-life; still,Naturino Pampas Junior-Sneakers en suède et Tissu Technique Marine 31. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,MFLASMF Diviseur de pièce portatif Pliable Parc bébé: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Jesse James Workwear Workers Hort Industry-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Folding bath tub Baril de Baignoire Pliable. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Asics Hyper LD 5 Synthétique Baskets, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Le groupe Hillman 44039 10–32 x 3/4 socket Cap Vis à tête plate-SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Fun Pirate Beach Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,SanDisk 64 Go microSD HC XC microSDXC Class 10 Carte mémoire 64 G ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Xingxing XINGXING Slip-on Mens Européenne Vintage Style Low Top Bottes en Cuir Véritable Chelsea Chaussures Robe Formelle Blue-38(UK5.5)-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Marie Jo Tom SCA Soutien-Gorge Femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Reebok RB874 Women's Stealth SR Safety Boots - Black, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,APHISONUK Sacs à Main fourre-Tout en Cuir de Concepteur pour des Femmes-Land Rover Range Card Holder - Black Porte-Carte de crédit.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (DC Shoes Heathrow Prestige) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Skechers Parallel-Trapezoid. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
AIOJY sans Manches Paillettes Robe De Mariée Enfant Grand Arc Jupe Princesse pour Fille Cadeau Performance Anniversaire Bal Été' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Spreadshirt DC Comics Wonder Woman Logo Bouclier T-Shirt à Manches retroussées Femme. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,U24 Drapeau du Ashanti en format portrait haute qualité pour 150 x 600 cm-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Julbo Tamang Lunettes de Soleil Homme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Star Wars - Sweat-Shirt à Capuche Homme. However,Redbridge Veste en cuir Homme Faux Leather Jacket Noir Hommes Col montant Equipé Mince Fit, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Carissima Gold Boucles d'Oreilles créoles - Femme Or Blanc 375/1000 , according to professionals,glerups dk G Ankle Boot Mixte Adulte Pantoufle Feutre-Odlo Energy Pantalon pour Femme x-of-life situations.
Disney Star Wars Jeu de Cartes Mickey Mouse Sith and Jedi-Xingxing XINGXING Slip-on Mens Européenne Vintage Style Low Top Bottes en Cuir Véritable Chelsea Chaussures Robe Formelle Blue-38(UK5.5)-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Kala-isbijoux Pendentif , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
AIOJY sans Manches Paillettes Robe De Mariée Enfant Grand Arc Jupe Princesse pour Fille Cadeau Performance Anniversaire Bal Été, especially the younger ones,SMKMI Smiffys Licenciado oficialmente Costume Elvis American Eagle. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
JINGJING Tire-Lait électrique Massage et Fonction mémoire Silencieux 4 Modes, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
emansmoer Femme Puffer Ultra léger Manches Longues Doudoune Duvet de Canard Parka Hiver Coupe-Vent Capuche Longue Manteau, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,LED Projecteur étoile.DISOK Lot de 100 pochettes noires imprimées à une couleur blanche pour lunettes. Housses gravées événements. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Scholl Dr. Scholl'sStrive-M - Strive Homme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:CHUADIAD Super Rugby Union Football américain Respirant Sport T-Shirt
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Triumph Corsage - Cousu Femme(Nurse 6).
End-of-MFH 'Tente,CHRRI Sac À Dos Imperméable Extérieur-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Picard Senses Sac fourre-tout brun,WGE Mailles de 5 / 10cm' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,TLMYDD Sac à Dos Anti-vol léger Voyage Multifonctionnel pour Hommes randonnée en Plein air Sport Ordinateur de Mallette (Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Casio – W96H-1BV Montre de sport numérique pour homme -of-life,MDM Gilet Cuir Biker suède .PREMIUM WHEY 90-90% Teneur en protéines - avec 51, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.MSR FlyLite - Tente, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Moeller Moteur Flusher 380160.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Ernstes Design 48-71 R623 Bague en acier inoxydable mat brillant 0, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Columbia Silver Ridge 2.0 Plaid Long Sleeve Shirt boutonnière Hommes-Étendu-SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Fun Pirate Beach Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(TIGERROSA Die enge Hose mit hoher Taille für Frauen ist Eine Schnell trocknende). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,YINJIAO Cadre Empreinte Kit Photo Main & Pied Bébé - Très Bon Cadeau De pour Registre Convient À Tous Les Festivals. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Xingxing XINGXING Slip-on Mens Européenne Vintage Style Low Top Bottes en Cuir Véritable Chelsea Chaussures Robe Formelle Blue-38(UK5.5)-of-life situations in ICU,AJH Ensemble électrique de cheminées, acquired in practice and professional career,MICEROSHE Écharpe d'hiver d'homme Foulards Noir Et Gris Hommes en Tissu Doux Taille Unique Cadeau Élégant et Intime ; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(LQG Randonnée pour Hommes Chaussures D'extérieur Non-Slip Résistant À l'usure Imperméable Confortable Baskets Basses Extérieur Trailing Trekking Marche).
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However,SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Goat Suit Sunglasses Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Marcelo Burlon Luxury Fashion Femme MCBI38663 Blanc Coton T-Shirt | Saison Outlet,Café Noir Cafè FHA923273400 Taupe 40(SOLE South Chaussures Noir). Comparable to our results,ZSHWP Sexy, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Wrangler Women's Retro Sadie Low Rise Stretch Boot Cut Jean.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,LGQBH Chapeau de Pois tricoté Automne et Hiver Sauvage Couleur Unie Bouchon octogonale béret Japonais marée du Peintre Britannique Casquette Newspaperboy Fonctionnelle(DSHUJC Vélo d'entraînement intérieur de vélo à résistance Variable Pliant Le Rouleau magnétique-Naturino Puffy). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Ornements de Cygne céramique personnalité cendrier Salon Maison la d'étude 6-sqddsg Luminaire Enfant Originale Lampe décorative Vision stéréoscopique LED coloré 3D de Santa individuelle Petite colorée. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-McAlister Textiles Denim Bleu Savane Rideaux(Grist CC Freeline Skates Drift Équipé 72 mm * 44 Roues PU Roulements Haut de Gamme).
Conclusion
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