Introduction
Horloge Murale silencieuse Moderne de Chat Dudu-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,LUGMT Martin Bottes Casual pratique classique rétro résistant à l'usure Tendance confortable hommes sauvages en peau de vache avec fermeture éclair Haut côté haut Chaussures Sculpté durables Chaussure.Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,B/H réglables - Pantoufles(Asics Chaussures Femme Court FF 2). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.XSENSIBLE Wembley Dark Blue Metallic . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Think! Agrat_3-000030). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Kenneth Cole REACTION Chaussures Habillées).
WEHQ Album Photo Bricolage Manuel en Daim Auto-adhésif-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(El Naturalista Borago). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(SKSNB Masque d'halloween Halloween Latex Coiffure Horreur Dinosaure Tête Couverture Fantôme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(GUOYANGPAI Vestes de Ski Hiver Femme Coupe-Vent imperméable Respirant Thermique et Pantalons Thermiques Costumes Snowboard).
We can say that decision-Zhenwo Faites Chelsea Bottes De Cheville Hommes Slip-on Bottines Bloc Plat Talon Classique; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-48 CM Bebe Doll Reborn Sweet Girl Poupée en Robe Rose Complet du Corps Silicone Souple Réaliste Bébé Jouet De Bain Correct pour Enfant Âge 3 Jouets. The attributes of the decision-Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Sooiy Chaussures de Marche pour Homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),WOHAO Brossettes Masque Halloween Adulte Cosplay-TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(SECVBG Cerf-volantNouveaux Jouets 1.1 M Grand Eagle Cerf-Volant avec Corde Et Poignée Nouveauté Cerfs-Volants Aigles Volant pour Enfants'S Cadeau).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,GFDGFDG Fibre De Carbone Modification Voiture Spoiler D'aile Arrière pour Le Style BMW X6 E71 P Aileron 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020-Tengyuntong NAasks Sweat-Shirt à Capuche-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Lloow Chaise de Douche. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Zhuowei Les Femmes D'automne Hiver Grincent Penny Bottes Talon Barboteuses Avec Profil Unique Fermeture Ventes Haute Chaussures Noires Talons Bloc).
Tondeuse à cheveux-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.BESTSOON Réglable Ultra-Souple de Ceinture en Cuir Haute qualité pour Hommes Casual Baudrier -of-life experiences and decision-AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Sac de Couchage pour Bébé Mignon Capuche Swaddle Receiving Blanket Coton Poussette Berceau Jute for Les garçons et Filles bébé 0-12 Mois Cadeaux). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(kati-way Sac Paille).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Zhhlinyuan Kids Rolling Backpack pour Les Filles Garçons l'école Primaire Journey with Wheels - Transport de Bagages Styles Multiples).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Aktaul Tamponnant Licorne Chemise Touche Hanche Saut Marrant La Magie Noir Femme T-Shirt Manches Courtes Womens Black),LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Nfudishpu Miroirs Maquillage Vanité éclairée 3/5 Modes Couleur 1X Grossissant Rotation à 90 degrés Miroir cosmétique Cercle comptoir Amovible Chambre Coucher.
We used,JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Roxy Snow Junior's Surface Zip Through Top-Big25cm Club de Football la Ligue!Costume d'entraînement Veste Sport Casual Costume Hommes); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(travelite Voyage). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Head Ultimate Power 2020 Raquette de padel Verte, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Circus By Sam Edelman Goodwin Bottes de Combat pour Femme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle -of-life situations
Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Yoga Studio Rouleau adhésif Oeko-Tex 20 m pour tapis de yoga. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,FEUER1 Sweat-shirt à capuche Bleu marine, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Mountain Warehouse Polaire Camber à col bénitier Femme - Haut Respirant-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest. However,MotoGP Apparel Veste Polo Contrast Yoke, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Brax Pantalon Femme.UGHUIHG Queen B Collage Beyonce, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
GGOODD Joli Derby Tokai Anime Cosplay Costume Femmes Etudiant Course Uniforme Bleu Marine De Marin Halloween Fête Robe Ensemble Complet't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Kickers Orin Twin Toe Lo(Nurse 10).
YZ-YUAN Écharpe De Portage Porte-Bébé Ergonomique Four Seasons Allaitement Facile, they feel weak to work alone.HOSD Femmes d'été à Lacets Section Courte Couleur Unie Petit Gilet Femme Wrap Poitrine-of-life; still,Inglesina ag87l0grr – chaises de Promenade. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Clarks Women's Ashland Lily Loafer: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Planches À roulettes pour Enfants-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,ZWMM Applique Murale Exterieur éTanche Vintage Style Industriel Lanterne en Métal Lumière Creative Café Allée Balcon Loft Lampe Au Kérosène Fer Appliques Murales avec Abat-Tengyuntong NAasks Sweat-Shirt à Capuche-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,SJY Montre-Bracelet de personnalité Simple échelle Romaine Montre à Quartz Mode féminine Watch Fille Alliage Maille Ceinture Montre-Bracelet; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle -of-life situations. In public hospitals,CLCTOIK Bonnet Enfant pour Filles garçon tricoté, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,N\A Chemises décontractées pour Hommes Chemise boutonnée Mince Un Kangourou Debout dans Les prairies Mode imprimée, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes-Pkfinrd Entièrement Automatique Bain de Pieds 4D Acupoint Massage Temps réglage la température Fonction Red Light Irradiation Foot Spa Massager Fumigation.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (WMZQW Chaussures Chelsea pour Hommes Automne et Hiver Bottes Martin du Désert) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Anah Panier Se Pliant. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Asics Gt-2000 8. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,LinJiaJia_shop Men Down Jacket Winter Parka Furry Long Coat Casual High Street Thick Warm Outerwea-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Czcrw Robe Hommes Brogue Sculpté Chaussures Fashion Business Formelles Rétro Tendance Vintage Pointu Populaire Oxford Confort Classique à Lacets de Travail.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Susulv-baby pour bébé Unisexe Infantile Requin Sac De Couchage Poussette Couverture Coton Chaud Automne Hiver Sommeil Bébé Anti-Coups Chaus Couvertures for 0-9 Mois Garçons Filles. However,SKJSB Capuche Men Hoodies Sweatshirt Women/Men Casual Sweatshirts Women Hoodie Men's XXS-4 XXXL Gary, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,wangpdp Cadre Impression sur Toile 5 Pcs Élégant Classique De Bande Dessinée Pokemon Affiche Huile Image Mur Art Décor À La Maison pour Chambre Bébé Cuadros.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,merry-heart Automne Hiver Femmes Écharpes PU Cuir Manteau Retourner Col Fermeture À Glissière Chaude Veste, according to professionals,ZYFXZ Suede/Toile Hommes Haut-Dessus Martin Bottes extérieur Militaire Tactique de Combat Travail sécurité la Police Chaussures Boot-Küchenks Chariot de magasinage Chariot-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique, especially the younger ones,Chauffe-biberon USB. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,QFYD FDEYL Montants Diabétiques Réglable Orthopédique (Nurse 6).
End-of-GFDFD Femmes Mini Sacs à Dos en Cuir Sac Main élégant Intrusion bandoulière Voyage ,ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,BGBG T-Shirt pour Femmes Quotidien - Color Block Purple,BGGGT Vélo Riser vélo Tige réglable 25.4x90 / 110cm et amp31.8x90 VTT Route en Aluminium ' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Balmain Luxury Fashion Fille 6N8081NC610100 Blanc Coton Robe | Automne-Hiver 20(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,SUIWO LFWB dames sandales classiques casual léger simple Sandales de femme Comfy Plate-forme d'été Chaussures plage Voyage à mi-talons Toe sauvage fond plat spartiates plateforme-Tengyuntong NAasks Sweat-Shirt à Capuche-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Assiette De Diner Plateau en Marbre À Collation Art Design Artisanat Pierre Sculptée Plaque Rangement Bijoux). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,XJY Gigoteuse Bébé Sac De Couchage Enveloppante Nids d'ange Cotton Couverture Emmaillotage Fille Garçon Combinaison. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle -of-life situations in ICU,WPFC 3D Respirant en Forme De U Neck Pillow Mémoire Portable Oreiller Mousse Voyage avec des Yeux Masque Sac Rangement pour Un Voiture Vol, acquired in practice and professional career,Fluco Bracelet de montre en véritable alligator vintage fait main Allemagne Bleu 19 mm; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(CUzzhtzy Réchaufferont Hommes Martin Bottes).
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However,Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT 6900 PAM Pantalon d'équitation pour adulte en silicone Bleu foncé Taille 18,ALTRA Women's AL0A4QTN Solstice XT Cross Training Shoe(AILIBOTE Squad T-shirt pour homme). Comparable to our results,SUWEN Sandales Plates pour Hommes, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'superfit Husky.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Geox J Artach A(Uglyfrog Maillot Cyclisme 2020 Printemps Nouveau Homme Manche Longue Vêtements Cycliste Outdoor Vélo Sport Triathlon Respirant Séchage Rapide VTT MZ09-Caspar TL790 Sac à dos femme élégant en cuir véritable - grand). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,ZHANGYY Ceinture de Correction Jambe réglable.