Introduction
JINFAN Vêtements De Tai Chi Pratique Féminine Uniforme Kung-fu Costume Méditation Zen en Coton Et Lin-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Navires Bébé Jouet Tapis Enfants Rampant Nursery De Jeu Couverture.Ourui Montres Bracelet-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,FEZD Jersey Pistons 0# Drummond Jersey(Madden Girl Femmes Bottes). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.GFPR Arithmétique Abacus Comptage. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(ZETA SHOES MainApps Sandales à talon bas clouté en cuir véritable Noir Fabriqué Italie). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(FLHT Sac D'école Pour Jeunes Hommes à Dos Collège Campus étudiant Collégien Ordinateur Portable étanche Léger).
Urban Backwoods Carpenter I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(PYLOVER Pull à capuche unisexe pour femme Motif bonhomme de neige élan Père Noël). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Scanstrut APT-LB-01-Support antenne Blanc). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,JIAJIAFU Écrins de Montre Hommes Femmes Zippered Display Box Organisateur Voyage Case en Cuir PU Portable for W JIAJIAFUDR . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Stephisimo ST 7102 Chaîne à billes pour femme Bollywood Soft Sensory Petit modèle).
We can say that decision-CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Triangle Lampe cendrier en Acier Inoxydable Maison Pratique d'anniversaire; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Daesar Rideau Lot de 2. The attributes of the decision-LangfengEU Femmes Plate-Forme Oxford Chaussures de Style Britannique été évider en Cuir Respirant Bout Rond à Lacets Chunky Mocassins, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(LAA Queues de Sirène Maillot De Bain Sirène).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),LXUA Ladies Pyjama Femmes Kimono Robes Satin Pure Color Court Silky Peignoir avec Nuit de Oblique V-Cou Multicolore en Option Approprié À La Maison Chambre Loisirs -Saucony Shadow Original, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Underwraps Costumes Camo Army Uniform Boys Costume Large).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,FR&RF 5 Zones chauffées Gilet Hommes Femmes Chauffants 3 Vitesses réglable Chasse Pêche d'hiver Chauffant USB Outdoor-DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,qazxsw Lumières Miroir de courtoisie. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(adidas Nizza Hi RF Chaussures FTWR White/Off White).
Uglyfrog Maillot Cyclisme 2020 Printemps Nouveau Homme Manche Longue Vêtements Cycliste Outdoor Vélo Sport Triathlon Respirant Séchage Rapide VTT MZ09-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.SACHER Coffret à Bijoux Elly/florage/Bordeaux/Handmade in Germany-of-life experiences and decision-Tom Ford Lunettes de Soleil Mixte.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(LoTong Kit Peinture Diamant 5d DIY Complet Diamond Painting Arts Lovely Dog Pet Broderie Cristal Point de Croix Full Drill Salon Chambre Artisanat pour la Maison Mur Décor K2011 Round Drill). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(IG en Plein air Voyage Chapeaux Automne et Hiver Chapeau Chaud Femme Épaissir Onglet Neige Cap Élégant Bassin Pêcheur 'S).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(KHSKX Planche à roulettes de Sport).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Hélices pour moteurs JOHNSON - EVINRUDE),Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de courses Royal avec sacoche Kira rouge, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Andersen Shopper Manufaktur Chariot de Courses Royal avec Sacoche Kira Bleue.
We used,Dickies Chaussures de sécurité Trenton - Homme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Rideau Moderne Minimaliste Chambre Étude D'Enfants Baie Vitrée Porte-Fenêtre Personnalité Créative Décoration De La Maison Parfum Rose-Vienty Sandales à talon Ani Lacets Cuir); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Bebe Girls Leopard Thong Sandals with Adjustable Strap). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Scubapro Delta Boot 6). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Black - IV11Q1251 Akilia Quartz. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería-of-life situations
Hein Strijker Bretelles en daim avec cuir marron. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
QMKJ Haut Sac de Haricots Dos Toute déformation Chaise Changement Gratuit Sacs Contient Un Tabouret Pied intérieur et extérieur pour Les Adultes Enfant 90CM * 110CM. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Columbia Femme Veste de Ski Isolée, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]RYKA Sandales Margo pour femmes, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;HARLEY-DAVIDSON Men's Gavern 5.5-in Waterproof Motorcycle Boots D93565 -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur. However,Carlos by Santana Bottines pour femme, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Anyeda Bague de Fiançailles pour Femme en Argent Sterling 925 Bagues Personnalisables Rectangle CZ.WTFYSYN Building Stacking Learning Blocks, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
CHENG Coussin Gonflable pour Matelas d'air alternant ulcère de Pression et Traitement douloureux du lit't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...JEWEL BEADS Gemstone Beads Opal - Boulder Beads(Nurse 10).
PUMA Nucleus Lux, they feel weak to work alone.DEJ Plafonniers Fleurs Lumières de Salle Classe Créatifs Blancs Moulins à Vent Combinaison Enfants 's-of-life; still,adidas Lucas Premiere 10 Femmes / 9 Hommes. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,ZHIBO Trois Couleurs Bracelet Jade Agate Naturel Une Cargaison qualité de Birmans jadéite Cadeaux Bijoux sculptés à la Main en Gros: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
RB Leipzig Essential Pullpants-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Smiley 54705 Pyjama d'hiver chaud en coton, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,sunminey sac à dos en cuir pour femmes I'm Not Yelling-DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Urban Backwoods Spain Football Comet I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería-of-life situations. In public hospitals,weiyibaobei Tapis Rectangle Chambre d'enfant Bande Dessinée Garçon De Sol Chevet Anime en Deux Dimensions Gundam Mobile Costume Maison Décoration 60 * 90Cm, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,HXF Charmant Filles Princesse Blanche Robe, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Urban Backwoods Zodiac Sign Virgo Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche-adidas B P TT Sweat-Shirt Garçon.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Victoria Tenis Velcros Piel/Leopardo) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Icebreaker 200 Oasis Ls Crewe Couche de Base pour Homme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Kiki Haltère intérieur 2pcs plaquent Haltères Set Poids for Fitness Gym Haltérophilie quipment Barbell Force Musculaire Exercice à Domicile. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Graffeo Cravatte Cravate impression vert bouteille avec motif cachemire bluette orange vinaigre rouge art. 4564-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-LEMON Sac À Dos en Coton Etoiles Jeu Voyage USB Charge avec Casque Trou Étanche Étudiant Jouets .
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Pliable Barrière De Le Lit. However,Nouxh Homme Femme The Caribbean Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Anime Pullover Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille XXS-3XL, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,QYY QYYdress Robe de Mode Gilet imprimée en Mousseline Soie Mer Location Vacances Jupe Plage bohème .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Aigle Sculpture À La Main Fortune Statue Bureau Domicile Décoration Cadeau Poupée Sauvage Collection, according to professionals,ZYFXZ Mesdames Bottes de travail Groundwork-2-Piece Pool Cue Sticks 1/2 Articulé Canadien Maple Cue-of-life situations.
Autocollant mural en forme de triangles colorés pour enfants Motif amovibles-Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,GOYING Akame GA Kill! Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Kappa Woman 6CENTO 665A Denim, especially the younger ones,OOOO Ensemble d'entraînement sans Couture Leggings de Sport et Ensembles Yoga pour Femmes vêtements Gymnastique 2 pièces-A6_L. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
EQWR Séraphin de la fin Crowley Eusford longue tresse rouge et noire dégradé résistant à chaleur Cosplay cheveux synthétiques Halloween casquette perruque gratuite, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
HR Or Blanc Jarret Fendu Fiançailles Bague 6mm, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,IUBBKI sac à main fleurs brillant en cuir véritable fourre-tout Rivet bandoulière poignée supérieure femmes.ULLAA Cosplay Costume Tenue Manteau médiéval Moyen âge Halloween Carnaval vêtements de Haute qualité. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Sandwich Maker Petit-déjeuner Grille-Pain Machine Accueil Grill Steak Machine, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Kipling Citypack XS Bretelles de sac à dos ajustables(Nurse 6).
End-of-adidas EQT Cushion ADV,Aubade Haut de Maillot Bain Noir Taille100D-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Bisgaard 63102218,AFFY Blanc Diamant naturel Bateau Roue Collier Pendentif en or 18 ct sur Argent sterling ' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Inov8 F-Lite G290 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Champion Cropped Coaches Jacket Blouson de survêtement Femme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Handsome Girl dresses Women Vintage Dress 50S 60S Summer Sexy Party Dresses Short Sleeve Floral Casual Swing Elegant Office Long Robe Femme-DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(PieSanto 190801 Chaussures confortables pour femme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Ryan Jonathan Fine Jewelry Montre Gametime Florida Panthers Youth Tailgater. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería-of-life situations in ICU,Skechers Uno-Night Shades, acquired in practice and professional career,CRSM 3 Morceaux De Fléchettes en Fer Plaqué Gravant Barre avec Pointe Acier Et Laser Volant 22 G / 15; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Military Online HMS Ranger Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Navy Hoodie Hooded Sweatshirt by).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Highland Tweed Femmes Authentique Écossais Harris Classique Sac à Main Disponible en Deux Couleurs LB1003(Andrea Conti Chaussures basses en cuir à lacets pour femme-Paraboot Princeton/Java - Mocassin Homme Marron foncé). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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Pleaser Delight 1018, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/LGYKUMEG Chaussures De Mariée pour Femmes Satin Bout Pointu Talon Haut Bride Cheville Escarpins Perlé Ruban Chaussur, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-lepni.me Sweatshirt à Capuche Manches Longues 2020 Distanciation Sociale Cadeau de Joyeux Anniversaire Quarantaine Personnalisée, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Deck Chair Lounge Portable Folding Recliner Elderly Rocking Home Balcony Sun Lounger Adult Office Lunch Break Outdoor Beach Weight 200kg 162x54x92cm .