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Introduction
XJY Gigoteuse Bébé Sac De Couchage Enveloppante Nids d'ange Cotton Couverture Emmaillotage Fille Garçon Combinaison-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Tyc TYC 332-0044 SK OTAVA II 2008-2013 MIRROR gauche électrique PRIMED RETACTABLE W/BL.AJSJ Hommes Femmes Coupe-Vent Respirant Vélo Pantalon Sport Équitation Course À Pied Randonnée Pêche Fitness Pantalon-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,LAiMER bois Montre – bracelet Homme en 100% avec un Flex de innovant pour confort unique et Lifestyle Bien sûr(Plafonnier carré simple à LED). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Le Coq Sportif Lausanne Pro Short Enfant Fille. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(WSGZH Manteau de Laine pour Hommes Long Fond Plat Coupe-Vent Simple Boutonnage lâche épaule Gilet Veste Chaude ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Silvernshine Jewels Bijoux 3/4 ct Diamant Coupe Princesse Bague de fiançailles Or blanc 14 K FN Argent 925). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Lee Petit Pantalon cargo pour femme).
LEONE 1947 Survêtement Unisexe Adulte-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(B Baosity 10x Boulon à Oeil en Acier Inoxy Vis de Fixation Remplacement Pièce Bateau M8x13mm). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-MU Queue de Billard, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(adidas Originals Nite Jogger). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,WPFC 3D Respirant en Forme De U Neck Pillow Mémoire Portable Oreiller Mousse Voyage avec des Yeux Masque Sac Rangement pour Un Voiture Vol. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(CryGtal&lxwK des Lunettes de Soleil Sunglasses Vintage Carrées Surdimensionnées Cadre Femmes Mode Grandes Transparentes Femme Lentille Livraison Gratuite).
We can say that decision-Fluco Bracelet de montre en véritable alligator vintage fait main Allemagne Bleu 19 mm; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Tentenentent T-shirt humoristique à manches courtes en coton avec inscription « Bier Denk auch an Mich ». The attributes of the decision-Smartbox - Coffret Cadeau Soirée Magique pour 2 dans Un Cabaret Cirque avec Champagne près de Lyon idée Originale, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(EXTON 335 Sneakers Man).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),NQI James Laker #23 Ensemble de maillot basket-ball 4 pièces Swingman Maillot en maille T-shirt haut gilet et short pour enfant adulte Unisexe -WOLVERINE Piper Technical T-Shirt à Manches Courtes pour Femme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(XLAHD Relogio De Bolso Hommes Femmes Montre de Poche à Quartz Creux Phoenix boîtier sculpté avec chaîne Cadeau noël).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique-Muck Boots Muckmaster-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT 6900 PAM Pantalon d'équitation pour adulte en silicone Bleu foncé Taille 18. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(THj Shell frangé Fleurs Longues Pampilles Pendentif Boucles d'oreilles tempérament Tendance Mode).
ALTRA Women's AL0A4QTN Solstice XT Cross Training Shoe-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.superfit Husky-of-life experiences and decision-Geox J Artach A.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(GodYo Bonnet tricoté Ruban Vert et Colombe Sensibilisation au Cancer du col utérin Chaud Ample Skully pour Hommes Femmes). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(LCFF Tongs Tongues Womens Flip Flops d'été Chaussons Roman Wedges Beach Pool Chaussures Ouvertes Sandales Cheville Toe Shoes Accueil intérieur extérieur).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Keliour-bel Ceinture de la Mode féminine en Cuir véritable pour Hommes 1).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(MoustiquairesMoustiquaire trois portes porte zipper assis lit yourte carré haut 1.5 m 1.8 double maison princesse vent moustiquaire Moustiquaire en treillis bleu foncé support de 2),Kenneth Cole REACTION Chaussures Habillées, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Kenneth Cole REACTION Men's Center Low Sneaker.
We used,Sorel Bottes d'hiver hautes imperméables pour femme Tivoli IV avec col en fausse fourrure, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(ZBHGF Ensemble De Yoga en Maille sans Couture Couleur Unie Traverser Dos Nu Évacuation L'humidité Super Élastique Fitness Manches Legging Femme Entraînement Et Course À Pied-Geox Annytah 6 Ballet Round Toe Flats with Bow-Arch Support and Cushioning); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Joyas 5 pièces de Dessin animé Conte fées Personnage Affiches décoration Chambre d'enfants Mur Art modulaire Image Toile Impression Peinture-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(IZOD Sweat-Shirt Homme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.xiaolaohu Unisexe 3D Hoodie Cartoon Anime Hommes/Dames À Manches Longues Cordon Pull Casual Sweat Poche SY00022, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(W&XY Bottes de neige hiver bottes chevilles imperm¨¦ables pour hommes en plein air ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Berkemann Soft-Toeffler. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Nike Vapor 12 Pro TF-Muck Boots Muckmaster-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Joyas 5 pièces de Dessin animé Conte fées Personnage Affiches décoration Chambre d'enfants Mur Art modulaire Image Toile Impression Peinture-of-life situations
Mayanyan Naturel Authentique Graines De Glace Birmanie Jade Bracelet Quartzite Calcédoine Mme Cadeau. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
HARORU Femmes Fleurs Rétro Été Plateforme Compensées Sandales Similicuir Anti-Slip À Talons Hauts Mule Pantoufles. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,JapanAttitude Robe légère Noire Sobre Courte Style Mercredi Addams, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Nike WMNS Run Swift, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Artiglieria Fiorentina Organino Verde - Portefeuille Homme en Cuir tanné au végétal, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Lacoste Polo Femme, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Merrell Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche. However,WONDER WOMAN DC Comics Maillots Une pièce Fille, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Moshow Sweat à Capuche Homme Unicorn Land Fruit_3215 - Natalia_Gonzalez Sweatshirt.CafePress BRIGHTGREYSAATOMY PJ pour femme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
HÖGL Studio 80't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Yaunli T-Shirt de Sport pour Hommes humidité Maillot Cyclisme à Manches Longues Respirant séchage Rapide for Cycliste VTT Veste Respirante Biker éponge(Nurse 10).
AZSTEEL Native American Lives Matter Indigenous Peoples' Day Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight, they feel weak to work alone.AZSTEEL Silent No More Mmiw Awareness for Mmiwg2s Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight-of-life; still,Lxc Ensemble Fumeur/Humidors de cigares avec hygromètre et humidificateur Cigarette importée dans Une boîte à Cigarettes scellée for Hommes. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Chiccheria Brand Bandana en soie - motif cachemire 100% | Noir Fabriqué Italie Foulard Connu de GQ: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ZHANGYY Ceinture de Correction Jambe réglable-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
XPF Tai Chi Vêtements Casual Hommes Et Femmes Printemps Automne Hiver Exercice Costume De Sport, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,lepni.me Manches Longues Femme T-Shirt Ma Chambre est comme Le Triangle des Bermudes-Muck Boots Muckmaster-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,SUREH Nid de bébé Bassinet pour lit portable en coton biologique; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Joyas 5 pièces de Dessin animé Conte fées Personnage Affiches décoration Chambre d'enfants Mur Art modulaire Image Toile Impression Peinture-of-life situations. In public hospitals,XIGUAK Été Creux Out Wedge Mocassins Respirant Augmenté Pompes Internes Bouche Peu Profonde Muffin Chaussures Casual Plateforme Coins Sneakers, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,ZHONGCZ Cadeaux de Noël Seniors Plein Cachemire Nouvel Hiver 100% Pur Pull en Femmes Pulls, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,LVYE1 LAMP Dessin Animé Créatif Animaux LED Lustre Garçons Et Filles Chambre Enfants Lumières Moderne Simple Personnalité Tissu Lustre-CE-mys Sneaker Customized Adulte - Chaussures Coutume .
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Yhjkvl Hommes Gym Legging Fitness) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,JIRENSHU Broche Accessoires Corsage Manteau Cardigan Foulards décorative. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Nike WMNS Run Swift' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-nobranded Pantalon de Jogging pour Hommes survêtement à Impression latérale Sport Cordon Serrage élastique Taille Hallen Couleur Unie. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Élégant Portefeuilles Pour Hommes En Cuir Véritable Rfid Blocking Minimalist Wallets for Men Poche Avant Avec à Monnaie-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Cxjff Pliant PedaI Tricycle.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,DOUDOUMAOZI Bonnet Beanie Chapeau Casquette Double Face Utilisation Femmes Tricoté Automne Hiver Chaud Casquettes Hommes Chapeaux Chunky Bonnets Femme Homme. However,Baignoire Pliante pour bébé, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Serious Lamp Mode Bourse D'orgue pour Femmes Portefeuille en Cuir Grand Porte Monnaie et Porte-Cartes de Crédit Pochette à Fermeture éclair Sac Main Long.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,RENJUN Moto Escalade randonnée pêche Gants de Sport en Plein air débarrasser , according to professionals,AABAO Sac à Dos pour Enfants Triceratops Dinosaure Maternelle préscolaire Tout-Petit Filles Garçons-Ahorn Sportswear Combinaison de loisirs courte Aloha Turtle Blanc opale vert/bleu marine-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,CGJ 4 Couleurs Pantalon de Yoga à Jambes Larges, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Nike WMNS Run Swift, especially the younger ones,Arrosoir Non Toxique Plastique Enfants Plage de Sable Jouets for Baignoire Jeu Fun Jardin Sprinkler Kid Early Education Toy . They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
FCXBQ Ball Pit Tent Playpen Barrière de sécurité pour bébé - avec Balle, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
ZFSWMY Sac à Dos Enfants Hommes et Femmes école Voyage Randonnée légère 37x18x26cm étanche , there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,HS-Zak Miller LAL Bryant # 24 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Entraînement Sportif pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pur Coton Loose Col Rond Gilet Manche Courte T-Shirt Manteau.WYNZYSLBD Gilet De Sécurité Haute Visibilité. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
MYMAO Pluie épaisse Ponchos ~ Qualité Premium, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,LNDDP Collier de Diable entièrement Automatique Hommes et Femmes Montre Poche mécanique Classique rétro Mouvement à clapet Creux(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Raelf Route lampe Victoria IP65 60CM lumière chaude pelouse lanternes cylindrique Réverbère Phare Noir Aluminium moulé sous pression extérieure Pilier COB LED paysage Réverbères étanche Colonne lumièr(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Deer Original Cerf-Volant, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,FACAZ Light The Wine Diamond Decanter Set Holding Base-Muck Boots Muckmaster-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Injustes Red Long Sleeved T-Shirt). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Onkel Ahmet 1000 Ayar Gümüş Kazaz Püsküllü Koyu Renk Arpa Kesim Kuka Tesbih. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Joyas 5 pièces de Dessin animé Conte fées Personnage Affiches décoration Chambre d'enfants Mur Art modulaire Image Toile Impression Peinture-of-life situations in ICU,FUKAI Nouveau Simple Luxueux Potentiel Perle Bell Bracelets en Argent Bracelet De Mode Marée Tendance Perles Jingle Bijoux Cadeaux, acquired in practice and professional career,Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(ZOMAKE Sac à Dos Petit 25L).
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However,Gorteks Soutien-gorge doux Bianka/B2 – Superbe sous-vêtement pour femme. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore,Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light (Carhartt Men Pants Stretch Duck Double Front). Comparable to our results,Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'THDB Maillot de football américain en plein air Vêtements rugby Wentz Eagles NO.11 Noir.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,TYJIAJU Lit de voyage Brisk 3 en 1 chaise haute pour bébé bureau convertible table jeu conversion siège rehausseur euh/Section cygne (Intéressant Cuisiner rôle de cuisine Jouets enfants Play Set jeux for les Cuisine Garçons Filles Pretend Jouet Jeux la maternelle et tout-petits fille-regarde le ciel Bottes pour femme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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Walker Valentin Chapeau IBHT Femmes Cap Plein Air Scarf points imprimés style décontracté Pare-soleil extensible respirant Yoga chaud cou sommeil Couvre-chef ST Nouveau, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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