Introduction
LCFF Patins à roulettes Simple Roue Skate Sneaker Chaussures LED Clignotant Lumineux Rouleau Lames for Enfants Garçons Filles Juniors Femmes-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Grunland CI1016 Reps Ciabatta Uomo S. Grigio-Antracite 47.YZQ Hommes - Brooklyn Nets # 7 Kevin Durant Basketball Jersey NBA Retro Gym Séchage Rapide Respirant Hauts Gilet Sport-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Aleumdr Maillot de Bain 2 Pieces Femme Amincissant Polychrome Tankini Dentelle Sexy Push Up S-3XL(Serengeti Modugno Lunettes de soleil Satin Black Taille L). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.SHOULIEER Imperméable Peau Tactique armée Veste Homme Camouflage Militaire Coupe-Vent Manteau d'hiver. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(NCUIXZH Garniture de Couverture d'accoudoir Porte intérieure Voiture en Cuir , pour Peugeot 308 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(PLEASUR Toy Terrier caniches Yorkshire Terriers Races de Chiens Mixtes Art Mural décor à la Maison Bricolage Horloge Murale). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9).
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We can say that decision-Carhartt Henley T-Shirt de Poche pour Homme ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-WHATLEES Veston de Costume Marriage Slim Fit Col V à Fermeture Boutonnée Avec Ceinture Tenue Cérémonie - Homme. The attributes of the decision-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(SAINT LAURENT Lunettes de soleil SL 276 Mica).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Belle Exotique Feuilles botaniques Tropicales Fleurs Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(ZorYer Nœuds Papillon Ascot Cravate pour Hommes Soie Écharpe Costume Jacquard Ensemble Poche Carré Boutons De Manchette S806).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,TIZORAX Sac de sport pour femme et homme avec système cérébral humain le sport-Timberland Killington-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Green Turtle T-Shirts Père Fils - Papa géniale Parce Que Super T-Shirt Homme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(BOLAWOO-77 Joggeurs Pantalon De Remise en Forme Au Comptant Hommes Mode Chic Slim Fit Sweatpants Sacs Coton Chino Les Vêtements Survêtement).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Powerslide R4 Trinity Rollers). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Alife and Kickin Manteau d'hiver pour Femme 3 Couleurs XS-XL).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(EinStein Bague solitaire en diamant 0).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Crime London Mode De Femme 25617AA3B02 Blanc Cuir Baskets | Automne-Hiver 20),XWLY Tops Femme Chemisiers Élégant Automne Col Rond Motif Chic À Manches Longues Nouveau Mode Décontracté Confortable All-Match Sexy Vacances Shirt Femmes, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Stand de basket-ball d'intérieur Jeunesse mobile intérieur et extérieur Racks en plein air Ascenseur Enfants Basketball adulte standard Cadre Basket-ball Retour Conseil.
We used,DPX-1 Hommes Death Row Records T-Shirt , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Nike Team Club 19 Crew Sweat-Shirt Homme-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Disney Femme Alice In Wonderland Retro Poster T-shirt-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Serrure à Double Languette en Acier Inoxydable). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Columbia Sportswear Veste légère pour Homme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Asics Gt-2000 8). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Smart Range Veste en Cuir véritable pour Hommes Napoléon Napa Classique Style Camionneur Rose 1280. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Disney Femme Alice In Wonderland Retro Poster T-shirt-of-life situations
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A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,INVICTA Aviator 33292 Montre Homme - 51.5mm, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,WENZHEN Sac à Dos Langer bébé, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]LinGo Drone D'oeufs Volants Pliable 2.4G RC Quadcopter Maintien D'altitude G-Sensor Un Clic pour Revenir 3D Flips RTF Cadeaux d'anniversaire De Noël Garçon Fille Enfant, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Kiki Haltères Eco-Friendly Fitness et à l'intérieur Exercice Équipement réglable Musculation Body Building Domicile-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes. However,Wghz Homme Tai Chi Uniforme Chinois Kung Fu Coton Vêtements pour Arts Martiaux Zen, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Gabor Femme Ballerines.BDHBB Lampe LED Lampes de Bureau Explosion Champignon, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Giussman Femme Auto charriage Machine for Adulte Femmes Plaisir télécommande Automatique Massage't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon (Nurse 10).
Benavente Chika10 Kurazo 12 Bottines en cuir, they feel weak to work alone.BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top-of-life; still,Hush Puppies Athos. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
YXRPK Usage Déformation Chaussures À roulettes Patins Automatiques Double Quatre Roues-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Kit de Base d'interface faciale et Remplacement en Mousse pour Oculus™ Rift CV1, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,TOUS 995960397-Timberland Killington-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,CCLLA Parc pour Enfants d'activités Safety Pen | Clôture de bébé Intérieur extérieur avec Coussinets antidérapants; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Disney Femme Alice In Wonderland Retro Poster T-shirt-of-life situations. In public hospitals,ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -Mustang Oregon Tapered Jean fuseau - Homme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Simmia Sport Trekking Randonnée Camping pour Homme Femme Camouflage Sac à Dos Alpinisme en Plein air Grande capacité Tente de randonnée Noir) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Beyblade Burst Starter Gyro Version améliorée Jeu de Bataille multijoueur Top Games Intérieur Classique Jouet Modèle Métal Masters Cadeau. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Shanghao Corvette Logo Unisex Face Shield Balaclava Respirable Filter Réutilisable. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,HR Chevalière en forme de cœur gravé or jaune 7 mm-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Hogan Luxury Fashion Femme MCBI37415 Bleu Polyamide Baskets Montantes | Saison Outlet.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,XYSQWZ Bracelet De Montre 20mm 22mm en Acier Inoxydable Hommes Femmes Argent Remplacement Réglable pour ## 11 Et. However,pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Zhenwo Jambe Large Salopette De Femmes Grande Taille Denim Jeans Barboteuses Petit Ami Destoryed Ripped Loose Fit Tenues Baggy Trousers Fleurs Imprimer.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,IUBBKI Jackie & Hyde dessin animé sac à langer dos maman grande capacité élégant Durable étanche multifonction voyage, according to professionals,JERFER 10PC Floral Bandanas pour Adultes Réutilisable Coton Lavable Cyclisme Sans couture en tissu-Lind88 Chaussures de baseball texturées pour femme - Blanc et rouge Pour marche-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Lsjuee sirène Chanson USB école Sac à Dos Grande capacité Toile Cartable Voyage décontracté pour Adulte Adolescent Femmes Hommes 17in, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille, especially the younger ones,YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Cloud City 7 Pandemic Code Light Women's Hooded Sweatshirt, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Geox Jr Strada A, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Ysakura Bonnet Thermique Bluetooth.dmsc Halloween Masque de Noël Prom Coq Styling Party Game drôle Bricolage- . However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Under Armour Campus W/U Veste pour femme
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,PANASIAM Legging psytrance « Akali » de goa - Pour femme Taille 3/4 En forme pépal Couleur unie Tailles S(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,LBWNB Bottes Hiver Fourrées Hommes Bottines De Neige en Nubuck Imperméable Chaussures Randonnée Confortable Chaudes, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,SYLLYS Parapluies Transparents Semi-automatiques portatifs pour protéger Le dôme de PVC Parasol Parapluie Pluie-Timberland Killington-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Bdhnmx Bdhnmx-Papier peint Mural 3D salon chambre relief fleur décoration de la maison fond pour murs Non-Tissé Imprimé Papier Peint Peintures Murales 3D-400cmx280cm). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,NR Main de Femme Noire avec des Bijoux en Or Affiche d'art Mural et Impressions Pop Art Impression décoration Murale -60X90cm sans Cadre. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Disney Femme Alice In Wonderland Retro Poster T-shirt-of-life situations in ICU,LongShanXianShenQingJiaoHouJiaoZiDian Trousse de Maquillage, acquired in practice and professional career,Ana Silver Co. Garnet; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Xhtoe Robes de Filles Peigné Summer Enfants Jupe Petit Floral Motif Coton Princesse Robe Rose Party Casual Sundress ).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Poussette bébé Le Tricycle de l'enfant Coulissant Chariot des Enfants Simples l'artéfact Simple a Facilement plié Poids léger portatif GAOLILI (Columbia Men's Roatan Drifter Water Short-MONARI Pull pour femme avec passepoil et cordon de serrage à la taille). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,XXBFDT Anti-Corrosion Moulinet Carpe Max Frein de pêche - Tout métal-Hdadwy Chiots chien imprimé pochette sac à main amovible en cuir bracelet portefeuille femmes sacs d'argent. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-mantraroma Bague argent 925 sterling pierre de lune (Tony Hawk SS180 Series Skateboard complet).
Conclusion
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Lowa Renegade GTX Mid, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Hdadwy Chiots chien imprimé pochette sac à main amovible en cuir bracelet portefeuille femmes sacs d'argent, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Teeburon Career Goals Magician Ninja - Manches Long T-Shirt.