Introduction
HUA JIE Tapis De Yoga-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Logo Wedac Massage U en Forme d'oreiller.N / A Mignon Sourire Visage crème glacée Jouets en Peluche canapé Oreiller Coussin nostalgique Doux Popsicle créatif Jouet Cadeau d'anniversaire de noël 55x70 cm-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Weichuang Literie de bébé 7PCS Broderie for Lit Nouveau-né Linge lit Bear Amovible(Asics Chaussures Gel-Nimbus 21 pour Hommes). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Versus Versace VSPOY2118 Montre Tokyo Bleu Bracelet Silicone PVD. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Speedo One Piece Swimsuit Shirred Contourback Conservative Cut - Une pièce Femme).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Gant Cotton Pique Half Zip Sweater Homme). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Sorel Women's Joan of Arctic Wedge II Shearling Winter Boot).
Baldinini Trend 669329 Chaussures en cuir pour femme Bleu-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(GXT WGZ- Mesdames Bottes de Neige Dames Plein air Douce et Chaussures Warm Confortables Confortable ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Conifers Sequoia Yoga Mat-6mm Eco Friendly Polyester Health&Fitness Slip-Resistant Mat for All Types of Exercise, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(H.yina Table à Langer pour Fille Petits espaces). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Sac de rangement moulinet pêche portable. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Crickit DEGNA Limited Edition Sac bandoulière pour femme).
We can say that decision-GRTVF Rechargeable RC Car Professional 2.4GHz télécommande véhicule Hors Route 4X4 Fort Chevaux-Vapeur Tout Terrain Racing Toy Cadeau for Les Enfants et Adultes; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-No-Branded L.W.SURL Bérets Rouges Laine Main Animaux Lady Mode Cadeau de Mariage Chapeau fête Lovely Fashion Cap . The attributes of the decision-LGYKUMEG Femme Bout Ronde Mary Janes Rond Chaussures de Mariee en Satin De Mariage Bal Sandales, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(MEN.CLOTHING-LEE Sweats à Capuche 3D pour Hommes Deux Impression Casual Pullovers Stre).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Fay Luxury Fashion Homme NCMA141259SRYQ017D Bleu Claire Coton Chemise | Automne-Hiver-Fay Luxury Fashion Homme NCMA141258SORMB001 Blanc Coton Chemise | Automne-Hiver, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(nihiug Chapeaux De Bombardier Chapeau Chasse Aviateur Patinage d'hiver Respirant Bonnet Cuir Chaud en Peau Mouton épaississement).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/GQY Bagages - Valise Tissu léger Sac à roulettes Grande capacité , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,B/H Orthopédique Pantoufles-Brief Maternity Dresses for Photo Shoot Pregnant Dress Womens Fashion Sexy Dot V Neck Short Sleeve Long Vestido-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,AJH Tabouret carré Super Doux avec Pieds en Bois entrée du Salon Petit Repose-Pieds Changement de Chaussures Banc Chaise Maquillage pour l'intérieur. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(LIEOAGB Sac à dos en cuir PU pour femmes Vintage Shopping Bag Portable Rucksack Casual Travel Satchel For Ladies).
AJH Animal Tabouret Repose-Pieds Ottoman-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.IUBBKI cerf 02 Rivets en cuir sac à main fourre-tout dame bandoulière pour femme fille-of-life experiences and decision-Échelle de Tabouret Pliable en 2 étapes.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Smartbox - Coffret Cadeau Soirée Magique pour 2 dans Un Cabaret Cirque avec Champagne près de Lyon idée Originale). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(ANTHER Sac bandoulière pour femme).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Reebok Short de basket-ball en maille pour homme avec cordon élastique à la taille et poches).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(PEARL IZUMI X-alp Elevate),Frieed Plaid Tassel Tweed Blazer Coat V-Neck Double Breasted Button Belt Ladies Coats Long Sleeve Outwear Jacket, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Canne à Pêche réglable Set Rod Lancer et pêche sur la Glace Roue de crevettes avec Imitation Bois poignée Peche Cannes télescopiques.
We used,Guess Marciano 0BG3149370Z Doudoune pour Femme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Burton AK Gore CYCLIC Hose 2021 Forest Night-WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-G.H.Y Cravate florale imprimée pour hommes-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Guess Montre -). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.SXHHH Tails de sirène avec maillot bain monopalme Queue De Sirène Pas Cher For Natation Princesse Bikini Maillot Bain Ensemble Enfant Filles Queues Produits Personnalisés Doux et c, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Ellesse Orazio Sweatshirt Maillot de survêtement Homme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,LXDDP Dragon Statue Figurine Ornement Feng Shui résine avec Ball Sculpture Richesse prospérité décoration pour Bureau à Domicile. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Shouda Femmes Oxford Chaussures Couleur mélangée à Lacets en Cuir Appartements Intage Style Britannique Brogues Mode Bout Pointu Bureau carrière Derby-Brief Maternity Dresses for Photo Shoot Pregnant Dress Womens Fashion Sexy Dot V Neck Short Sleeve Long Vestido-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-G.H.Y Cravate florale imprimée pour hommes-of-life situations
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Tables d'extrémité Pratiques en Bois durables pour Chambre d'enfants Table Murale Pliante Bureau Ordinateur Portable Cuisine Salle à Manger . We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,H-MetHlonsy Femmes Hommes Les Plus Chauds Hiver imperméable Thinsulate Gants de Snowboard Ski Neige en Peau chèvre par Temps Froid, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
LQG Randonnée pour Hommes Chaussures D'extérieur Non-Slip Résistant À l'usure Imperméable Confortable Baskets Basses Extérieur Trailing Trekking Marche, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,YaGFeng Chronomètre Horloge Multifonctionnel Count Down 1 Pouce Haut 4 Intervalle Digits Réunion minuterie par télécommande LED Murale , received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Rowe Barrière de Sécurité Qualité bébé et Pet Gate to-Banister-rétractable sécurité Large Tailles régulières barrière Solide clôture Porte Enfant, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;47-B Simulation Flamingo Jouets en Peluche Blanc Rose Cadeaux Cadeau Recommandé! -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/GQY Bagages - Valise Tissu léger Sac à roulettes Grande capacité . However,Ensemble De Train Jouet Déformation pour Enfants Piste Ceinture Électrique 3 À 6 Ans, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,ADGAI Couvre-lit Modern Vintage matelassée Vert réversible Imprimer Coverlet Consolateur.Assiette De Diner Plateau en Marbre À Collation Art Design Artisanat Pierre Sculptée Plaque Rangement Bijoux, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
AOWU Vintage Style Trunk Coffre au trésor en Bois Boîtes Keepsake Bijoux Rétro Boîte de Rangement Décoration Accessoires décoratifs 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...WYZQ Montre de Poche Vintage à Quartz Couleur Bronze Montres chaîne fraîche Drapeau Britannique(Nurse 10).
Penelope Veste Step - Black M, they feel weak to work alone.ADSE 27in Créativité Horloges Murales À Piles - Mouvement à Quartz Complètement Silencieux pour Salon Décor Cuisine Chambre Horloge Murale Moderne-of-life; still,Jouet interactif pour Enfant Activité d'apprentissage Cube bébé Table Infantile éducation précoce éducatif Jouets d'activités de développement. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Vintage pour Chambre Garçons Hommes Shabby Chic Filles Figurines Ornements Bibliothèque: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ZHTY Casiers à vin de Plafond-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/GQY Bagages - Valise Tissu léger Sac à roulettes Grande capacité . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
YOYVV Veste d'hiver pour Hommes Ultra légère 90% Doudounes de Canard Blanc décontracté Manteau Portable Grande Taille 4XL 5XL 6XL, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Statue Sculpture Figurine Statuette-Brief Maternity Dresses for Photo Shoot Pregnant Dress Womens Fashion Sexy Dot V Neck Short Sleeve Long Vestido-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,WYEZ Baskets Air Mesh Chaussures Hommes de Sport décontractées Marche Confortables; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-G.H.Y Cravate florale imprimée pour hommes-of-life situations. In public hospitals,LED Moderne Plafonnier Créativité Rond Eclairage De Plafond D'or Conception Spots Romantique Salon Chambre Luminaires Intérieur Dimmable, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,IUBBKI Sacs de soirée Aliments sains Imprimé avocat Avocat Poignée personnalisée à main en cuir PU Rivet Portable Impression mode, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Assiette De Diner Ensemble Vaisselle Salade Plateau Plat À Dessert Noël Contenants Alimentaires Restaurant Occidental-Zhuowei Mesdames Stretch Cuissardes.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (NBVCX Décoration de la Maison cheminées électrique 3D Simulation Flamme Dynamique Panneau en Verre trempé 2 réglage température sécurité 50x59x25.5 cm) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Femmes Yoga Fitness Sportswear Ensemble de 2 pièces Gym Vêtements Halter Sports Crop Débardeur Tube Soutien-gorge et Taille Haute Entraînement . From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
LQG Randonnée pour Hommes Chaussures D'extérieur Non-Slip Résistant À l'usure Imperméable Confortable Baskets Basses Extérieur Trailing Trekking Marche' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Filet de sécurité pour Enfants Cadres d'escalade Protection Enfants. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Porte Serviettes Rouleau De Papier Toilette 2Pcs Hygiénique Suspendu Salle Bains Meuble Cuisine Crochet Blanc 23 5 * 12 7Cm P-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-YXZQ Accueil Deco Suspension Creative Lustre Globe Métal Creux Rétro Plafonnier.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,CPAI Gilet Chauffant Hommes Femmes Veste Chauffante Lavable sans Manches Vêtements Chauffants USB Légers avec 3 Niveaux de Chauffage pour Randonnée Chasse Moto Camping. However,Yingm Écharpe Mode Femme Gris Châle d'hiver Long et épais Idéal for Garder Foulard Chaud Dames Cadeaux Et Douillet Quand , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Magie Professionnelle Chapeau Claque Double Fond .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,MusicBoxAttic Rose mat Enchanted Fée 18 Note Boîte à bijoux musicale Ballerine – Vous Choisissez la chanson, according to professionals,adidas Little Boys' Tricot Pant-Hermes Cadre Photo en argent cm 13 x 18-of-life situations.
Jack Wolfskin Cloudburst Veste pour Hommes-G.H.Y Cravate florale imprimée pour hommes-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Sports Thriller Rider Sports® Uomo Rock Music Sport e Tempo Libero Abbigliamento Ciclismo Magliette Manica Corta, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
LQG Randonnée pour Hommes Chaussures D'extérieur Non-Slip Résistant À l'usure Imperméable Confortable Baskets Basses Extérieur Trailing Trekking Marche, especially the younger ones,Meindl Asti Mid GTX Wanderschuh TEX Braun. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Guess Short Dress, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
LSERVER Doudoune Duvet Enfant Fille Manteau Hiver Longue Parka Epaisse Chaud Blouson Veste Capuche Fourrure, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Vince Camuto Femme Robe.Vans T Classic Baskets à enfiler. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Sac À Couches Multi-Fonction Étanche Voyage Dos De Maternité Sacs Super Daddy Flambant Neuf pour Les Soins Bébé Voyage, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:The Bridge Lambertesca Sac porté épaule Noir
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,modamoda de Messenger Ital Sac à bandoulière en cuir T06(Nurse 6).
End-of-Enuff Skateboards Skully Complete Skateboard,MOLINGXUAN Montre Sport d'extérieur Multifonctions LED étanche personnalité Lumineux étudiant électronique-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,TQ T&Qing Patinage HautsRobe de Artistique Femme Fille Robe Aigue-Marine Bleu Marine Tactel Haute élasticité Classique Sexy Utilisation,KEEN Targhee Lace High Polar Waterprooof' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,adidas Stabil Bounce(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-adidas Tan Graphic Crewneck Sweat-Shirt Homme-of-life,Merrell Vapor Glove 4.Columbia Youth Firecamp Mid 2 WP, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Sorel Out N About Plus Conquest, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Love Moschino Borsa Quilted Nappa Pu.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Asics Chaussures Gelsaga Gel-Saga Sou, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,ALTRA Superior 4.0 Black-Brief Maternity Dresses for Photo Shoot Pregnant Dress Womens Fashion Sexy Dot V Neck Short Sleeve Long Vestido-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Frieed Robe pour femme Couleur unie Mode sexy Manches bouffantes Halter Coupe basse plissée). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Sperry Top-Sider Femmes Bottes. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Tommy Hilfiger Leon 21(Chenyou Robe Originale Lolita Douce Et Belle Daily Princesse Seulement Jarretelle La Fille Arts Girls -YSSYSS Yssyss Papier Peint Photo 3D Lion Animal Réaliste Fond Tv De Intissé Gaufré-250). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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