Introduction
WOLVERINE Marshall Shirt Jac Vêtements d'extérieur d'utilité Professionnelle Homme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,CMP.Cole Haan HaanAir Bandon MOC - Ballerines Air Femme-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Edwin Mili-Terry TS Ls Sweat-Shirt À Capuche Homme(LIULINUIJ Boutonnière Au Dos). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Sécurité Adulte Casque De Velo. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Love to love gai mattiolo 9307 Beauty Accessoires Rouge Pz.).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Sac à langer - Mickey avec Minnie multifonction imperméable l'eau dos de voyage maternité). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Baignoire Pliante pour bébé).
Or LED salon plafonnier créatif rond chambre d'enfants dimmable avec télécommande plafonniers gel de silice abat-jour pour cuisine salle à manger jardin 46 cm 50 W-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(X-Toy 1/72 Fighter Modèle en Plastique). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-POBD Maillot de Basketball Anthony Davis 3# Los Angeles Lakers, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(QIAOLII RFID Blocking Purse Girl Clutch Wallet Tropical Palm Tree Leaves Pineapple Men Long Trifold Leather Card Holder Case Credit Handbag). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Eterna 3179 X19P Chemise - Bleu 42. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(TOPO Athletic Chaussures de Course pour Homme).
We can say that decision-MIMI KING Masque pour Les Yeux Tourmaline Eye Massager Relaxation Soins de santé Cadeau Multifonctionnel Shading Sommeil Cover Unisexe; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-ONeal Oneal Pin It Shorts de vélo Gris 38. The attributes of the decision-Unknow Parc de sécurité Play Baby Fence Kids Activity Center avec Porte verrouillée Accueil intérieur extérieure , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Harmont & Blaine Polo Homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Czc-dp Costumes Cartoon Filles Garçons Pyjamas d'hiver de Nuit Panda Onesies Animaux Pyjama Enfants Flanelle Réchauffez Les d'enfant -LuoMei Jumping Fitness Trampoline Home Sports Intérieurs Et Extérieurs Rebounder Élastique Équipement D'Exercice Pour Universelvert, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(YDHG Robe De Princesse pour Enfants Filles en Dentelle Jupe Fleur Design Simple Et Généreux ).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/adidas Yg PES TS Survêtement Garçon, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,DELMON VARONE - FINE LEATHERGOODS MADE IN GERMANY Stylo à bille premium noir rechargeable avec encre noire et étui en cuir-Munich Dash Premium 73-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Puma Essentials Sweat à capuche en tissu éponge pour homme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Beginnings Double Dog Tag Pendentif argent sterling pour hommes).
Kulzer Trottinettes Enfant 3 Roues-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Chenyou Robe Originale Lolita Douce Et Belle Daily Princesse Seulement Jarretelle La Fille Arts Girls -of-life experiences and decision-1yess Fauteuils Enfants Sofa Chaise rembourrée avec canapé Multifonctionnel for Salon Chambre Réception contemporaine .
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(COOLCEPT Femmes Bloc Talons Hauts Longue Bottes). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(MNSSRN-MM De plus chaud Velvet Anti-Smashing Chaussures).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Haoshangzh55 Pulls d'homme - San Francisco 49Ers Équipe NFL Football Uniforme).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(DD Danish Design Montre Femme Analog Silver - IV62Q1230 Chloe Quartz),Qipao Grande taille 5XL Vintage Chinois Traditionnel Femmes Imprimé Fleur Mandarine Col Cheongsam Nouveauté Chinoise Robe formelle, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.ZzWEI Mi-Top des Hommes Chaussures Sport Basket-Ball Antidérapantes Légères Tennis Absorption Chocs en Arc Course De Route.
We used,Hngyanp Taux étanche Bracelet Coeur Intelligent Blood Pressure Tracker Fitness Bande Femme Fille, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Gorteks Soutien-gorge doux Bianka/B2 – Superbe sous-vêtement pour femme-Restube Beach Bouée de Sécurité pour Nage en Eau Libre-Aide Flottante Sport Nautique-Planche Survie Gonflable & Signalisation Compacte Mixte); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(WEHQ Albums Photos de Mariage Album interstitiel Haute capacité rétro 5x3). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Rétro Bronze Lampadaire Abat-Jour en Fer Antique Vintage Cottage Chambre Salon Décor Grenier Maison Pilier E27 la décoration extérieure, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(adidas Forest Grove Cg5675). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,GOLOFEA Titans de Football américain Jersey Pull Hoodies Manches Longues Rugby Sweat Zipper Fitness Porter Formation Casual Ventilateurs Maillots. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations
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A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,NQI Griffin Motor City #23 Maillot de basket-ball pour homme et femme, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Champion Hoodies for Men - Big and Tall Shirts 2 Pack Mens T-Shirt & Hoodie, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Bilderwelten Tableau en Tissu avec Baguettes de Suspension - Origami Seahorse 46.5x35cm Chêne, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]JTRHD Bandeau Fascinator Chapeau plume Mesh Veil Parti fleur chapeau avec des clips et médecine de Hairband femmes Boîte mariage pour le thé cocktail , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;JVSISM Fsesc V4 50A Sk8-Esc W / 5V 1.5A Bec pour Planche à roulettes éLectrique Voiture Rc VéLo Robot-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/adidas Yg PES TS Survêtement Garçon. However,CMP Giacca Full Zip Wooltech Jacket Femme, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,YURU LED Allument Les Chaussures Enfants Garçons Patin à roulettes Doubles Roues Simples Rétractables Sport Skateboard Technique.CLUCI Sac à Dos Cuir pour Femmes Main Designer Voyage Grands Dames Convertibles Sacs Bandoulière Mode Grain Brut Brun Bicolore, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Soie Droite cachée Fil Pleine tête Morceau de Cheveux 22"Perruques d'extension d'une Seule pièce réglable pour Les Femmes't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...GFF Confortable Chaise Pliante en Métal Camouflage Motif Ultra Léger Portable Chaises Pliables De Camping avec des Sacs Rangement Et Un Sac de Transport Compacts pour La Plage Plein Air Vo(Nurse 10).
qazxsw Pull-Up Bar Multifunctional Locking Design Indoor Pull-up Horizontal for Pull Up Chin Push Unisex, they feel weak to work alone.Inline Skate Roller First Walkers-of-life; still,Oreillers lombaires Respirants Support Dorsal ergonomie Coussin Lombaire densité 40D Coton à mémoire pour Bureau. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,DSHUJC Réticence équitation Plate-Forme-équitation Plate-Forme-vélo Turbo Formateur vélo Exercice Fitness Cadre Fixe: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
LXSNH Bijoux Pratique Flanelle Boîte de Rangement Organisateur Affichage Boucles d'oreilles Collier Pendentif Coffret Stockage Cas Cadeau for Fille-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/adidas Yg PES TS Survêtement Garçon. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Lzcaure Corset Femmes Sueur Perte De Poids Néoprène Entraînement Top Chemise Taille Entraîneur Trimmer Ceinture Body Shaper Cincher Zipper Minceur de des , because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,AJSJ Pantalon de cyclisme thermique pour vélo montagne et Coolmax 5D en gel-Munich Dash Premium 73-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Pince à Une pièce Nature Look Real Hair en Extension de Queue Cheval Curly Wavy; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations. In public hospitals,YZ-YUAN Armoires à vin Porte-Bouteilles de Support Mural en métal Porte-Bouteille Vintage autoportant | Porte-Verre Suspendu Facile Installer Stockage , especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Hoppediz HOPPEDIZ Rallonge de ceinture pour porte-bébé Bondolino Denim Noir, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,IG Duvetset Patin À Roulettes Femmes Quatre Patins Enfants Rookie Chaussures de Sport Roues Alignées Réglable 2-En-1 Multi-Usages-Thom Browne Calzini Uomo cod.MAS064B.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (SGSG 10x Miroir de Maquillage Mural grossissant) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,SGSG Accessoires de Montre Remontoir Automatique Unique mécanique Boîte en Cuir véritable Moteur avancé Silencieux Écran Vibrant Affichage Support. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Champion Hoodies for Men - Big and Tall Shirts 2 Pack Mens T-Shirt & Hoodie' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-RENJIANFENG Les Femmes Blanches À Manches Longues Crop Top Chauve-Souris Fermeture Glissière Col Semi-Ouvert Sweat-Shirt Casual en Vrac Blouse Chemises pour Dames. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,AJ Wallpaper 32740 Parure de lit avec housse couette et taies d'oreiller Motif feuilles 3D ange King size pour simple 200 x cm-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Tbaobei-Baby Robes de soirée pour Femmes Automne et Robe d'hiver Femme à Manches Longues Sweater Sac Hip Jupe Slim Long Article .
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,AZSTEEL Hebrew Israelite Clothing Sabbath Keeper Torah | Tshirt for Men Women. However,JINPENGRAN Portable Chaise, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,FJXQCY Peignoir en Satin pour Femme.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,SAXTZDS Pédale d'accélérateur de Frein pédale d'accessoires décoratifs Voiture, according to professionals,Tongnian Twisted Wonderland Deuce Spade Femmes Hommes Uniforme Tenue Chemises Veste Pantalon Ceinture Et Accessoires Halloween Carnaval Cosplay-LNDDP Décorations Reptiles pour décor d'habitat Terrarium Ornement réservoir Poissons d'aquarium-of-life situations.
ATOMIC Savor GT AMID Visor HD Casque Mixte-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,HEHE sous Le Lit De Chaussures Sac Rangement, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Champion Hoodies for Men - Big and Tall Shirts 2 Pack Mens T-Shirt & Hoodie, especially the younger ones,Cinzia Soft Sandales pour femme Bronze Ip1alfa-pm - Marron 39. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Mains courantes Rampes de maintien Poignée Main courante Rampe Ronde Support main Kit complet Fer forgé Noir mat Supports trans, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
RichescoJames Nouvel Ensemble de Bijoux Mariage mariée Exquis avec des Colliers et Boucles d'oreilles en zircone Brillant, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Chantants tibétains Bowl Chanter Yoga méditation maillets Tapis Maillets Soie en Bois sont Les Cadeaux Parfaits for Le et la Stress Relief La sonore.No-Branded L.W.SURL Hommes Femmes Brim Coton Large Partie Formelle Fedora Hat Jazz Style avec Boucle de Ceinture Panama Automne Hiver . However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
FOBU Hommes Rétro Militaire Flight Jacket Zipper Casual Coupe-vent Vestes 6XL, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Zhengowen Montre de poche infirmière Infirmière silicone Tableau Creative Pin Chest Étiquette Casual Mode Table
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Trespass Qikpac Female Jacket Vestes coupe-pluie Femme (Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Josef Seibel Chance 39(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Columbia WAYFINDER FLIP Sandales de sport pour homme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Jack Pyke Gilet sans Manches Countryman - pour Homme Polaire Thermique-Munich Dash Premium 73-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(HANYF Boutons de Manchette pour Hommes). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,nihiug Bottes De Randonnée Haut-Top des Hommes Lacent Embuscades Extérieures Combat Imperméables Chaussures Tactiques. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture-of-life situations in ICU,DC Shoes Heathrow, acquired in practice and professional career,Gunnar Attache Tortoise LIQUET Lunette Anti Fatigue de Protection Contre UV Marron; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Merrell Yokota 2).
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However,ECCO Biom Terrain. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,ECCO Xpedition III,ECCO Xpedition III(NORTH SAILS Homme Hoodie en Coton Biologique avec Poche Kangourou Spacieuse - Coupe Regular). Comparable to our results,LLSS Poussette pour bébé légère Landaus, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'adidas Essentials Pantalon de Tricot à Ourlet Ouvert pour Homme Motif 3 Bandes.
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