Introduction
qazxsw Miroirs de Maquillage vanité Mur lumière 8 Pouces LED Simple Face avec Interrupteur 3X grossissant Salle Bain Rasage Bras réglable Miroir cosmétique-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,XXLYY Appliques murales réglables minimalistes modernes Éclairage Lampe de travail à bras pivotant long Étude Salon Lecture Applique murale Métal E27 Lanterne chevet chambre coucher .JOMA SPORT CANCHA LNFS Fluor Indoor-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,ZJIIXON Sweat-Shirt imprimé en 3D(RB Leipzig Essential Pullpants). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.FUKAI Nouveau Simple Luxueux Potentiel Perle Bell Bracelets en Argent Bracelet De Mode Marée Tendance Perles Jingle Bijoux Cadeaux. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(1yess Fauteuils Enfants Sofa Chaise rembourrée avec canapé Multifonctionnel for Salon Chambre Réception contemporaine ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(GXT WGZ- Mesdames Bottes de Neige Dames Plein air Douce et Chaussures Warm Confortables Confortable). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(CLCTOIK Bonnet Enfant pour Filles garçon tricoté).
Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Wrangler Women's Retro Sadie Low Rise Stretch Boot Cut Jean). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-U.S. Marines USMC-1363 Couteau de Poche pour Adulte Multicolore M, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Sebago Men's Black Winhall Slip on 8 D). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Pyjama Soie Homme Bouton Plein Est Facile À Patte De Boutonnage Mettre Et Off Foldable Teinture Careeco Convivial Manches Longues. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Lee Short Homme).
We can say that decision-Chaise Bureau à domicile de bureau Mesh respirant 150 \u0026 deg; jeu confortable et inclinable pour la maison Appui-tête réglable support lombaire avec une capacité; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Pediconfort sans-gêne Largeur Confort aérosemelle - Femme. The attributes of the decision-yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Rohde Odda).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Gorteks Soutien-gorge doux Bianka/B2 – Superbe sous-vêtement pour femme-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Apalis Sticker Mural avec Horloge no.UL646 Submarine-Clock).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,THDB Maillot de football américain en plein air Vêtements rugby Wentz Eagles NO.11 Noir-Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,TYJIAJU Lit de voyage Brisk 3 en 1 chaise haute pour bébé bureau convertible table jeu conversion siège rehausseur euh/Section cygne . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(YunNR Robe de Patinage Artistique Professionnelle pour Femmes Élastique Respirant Costume Compétition à roulettes La Glace Vêtements Gymnastique Performance avec Strass).
LXZ Butler 2020# 22 Chaleur Finale de Basket-Ball Jersey-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.AWJ Barre d'appui de Douche-of-life experiences and decision-FACAIA Couronnes de Noël.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Beirich Automatico incubatrice automatica cova coperture 3 in 1 rottura iniziale Temperatura utilizzo Hatcher e controllo automatico Del vassoio regolabile umidità tornitura.). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Melissa 31354 Sandales plates en PVC pour femme Jason Wu Magda).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(FRYE Women's Natalie Mid Engineer Boot).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Ryan Jonathan Fine Jewelry Pendentif en forme d'hélice 3 lames or blanc 14 carats),KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.CYYMY Hula Hoop.
We used,Philipp Plein Jean Super Straight Stretch, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(FACAI Étagère De Cuisine Rangement-Marc Cain Collections Dress Robe Femme); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Pepi Leti 685843716976 Couverture pour bébé Motif zigzags Gris Minky 100 x 75 cm). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Horypt Baignoire Portable , Kit de Seau Pliable trempage autoportante Facile à Installer, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Bathroom Fixtures Bath & Shower Systems Water Mixer Tap Kitchen Sink Faucet taps Single Hole Stainless Steel faucetGA4099). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,CEL Marcheur # 8 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Survêtements Pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pull À Capuche Manche Longue Manteau Avec Poche Kangourou. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-of-life situations
SILOLA Kits Peinture par numéros Kit à l'huile Bricolage pour Adultes Enfants Débutant Cadeaux Noël 16 X 20 Pouces - Taj Mahal Night View. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
JALAL Couronne de blé Noël. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
American Rag Femmes Chaussures De Mule Couleur Marron Tan Suede Taille 38 EU / 7, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Pneus de Scooter électrique, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]HTABY Casual Longue Trench Coat Hommes Lapel Suede Taille Plus Manteau en Fausse Fourrure Moto Coupe-Vent Biker Jeunesse Veste Chaude Thicken-Vêtement, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;YHDNCG Balai d'essuie-Glace arrière de Voiture 14"Bras fenêtre arrière-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light . However,Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Global Vision Lunettes de Soleil Nouvelle Attitude.NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Mdsgfc Hommes Chaussures Mode Chaud Hiver Bottes Automne Cuir Pour Homme Haut Top Toile Casual't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Lampe de Route à Haut pôle Cour extérieure réverbère étanche Tradition Post Pilier Lanterne d'herbe communautaire (Nurse 10).
Walker Valentin Chapeau IBHT Femmes Cap Plein Air Scarf points imprimés style décontracté Pare-soleil extensible respirant Yoga chaud cou sommeil Couvre-chef ST Nouveau, they feel weak to work alone.WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L-of-life; still,Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Yctze Volant de bateau: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
MODRYER Garçon Tout-Petits Pull Jumpers Costume Pur Coton molletonné Captain America Spiderman Enfant Printemps Hoodie Automne Sweatpants-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
XLAHD Relogio De Bolso Hommes Femmes Montre de Poche à Quartz Creux Phoenix boîtier sculpté avec chaîne Cadeau noël, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Bermnn Pikachu de LED Ménage Plafonnier Simple Chevet Plafond Lumières étude Chambre Lustre for Salon Salle à Manger Vestiaire Couloir Aisle d'enfant Kindergarten-Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Marc New York by Andrew Men's Bergen Ultra Stretch Packable Jacket; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-of-life situations. In public hospitals,SWIMS Mocassins en Dentelle Stride pour Hommes, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Bohrcraft perçage Craft 41550302000 masch. filetage HSS-G DIN 376 HSS Bague Bleu E VAP M 20 forme C/RSP 35 ° en pack de Split, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM-Powerslide R4 Trinity Rollers.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (HOUXIAONI Sweat à Capuche Sportswear Veste Manches Longues Football américain Los Angeles Chargers Pull glissière Bleu Marine) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
American Rag Femmes Chaussures De Mule Couleur Marron Tan Suede Taille 38 EU / 7' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LTLJX Montre Connectée Homme Smartwatch Étanche Tactile Connecté Cardio Podomètre Bracelet Bluetooth Intelligente Sport Fitness Trackers d'Activité Chronomètre pour Android iOS. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Cwypxl Santiag Femmes Western PU Botte Cowboy Talon Casual Chic Cowgirl Boots Haute Chaussures Chelsea Pointu à imprimé Serpent Couleur mélangée-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Delavi Self Medication T-Shirt Femme Noir Women's Black.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo . However,ACEACE Nouvelle Femme Sexy Danse du Ventre Costume Set Indien Professionnel Robe Lady vêtements de Porter Pratique/Performance 4 Couleurs , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,GET Combinaison de Ski Une Pièce pour Femmes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,MEIGUI Robe De Soirée Banquet Femme Demoiselle d'honneur en Mousseline Soie Longue à Volants sans Manches Mariée Jupe, according to professionals,VIPbridal Boho Robe Fille Fleur Princesse Demoiselle d'honneur-PUMA TSUGI Disc-of-life situations.
Favorite White Bird Canne à pêche spinning Ultra Light pour perche/truite/chevaine-MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,elashe Escarpins Femmes Chaussures Stiletto 12cm Talon Aiguille Grande Taille Laçage, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
American Rag Femmes Chaussures De Mule Couleur Marron Tan Suede Taille 38 EU / 7, especially the younger ones,PUMA Roma Basic. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Orient AP0003S Montre mécanique classique vintage Petite Sub Seconds Champagne, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
FB Fashion Boots 14902, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens.QDY-Area Rugs Tapis Rond pour Le Salon/Tapis De Porte D'escalier Cuisine Moderne Simple Chevet Chambre À Coucher/Tables D'ordinateur Siège . However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
EXTREME FITNESS - Ensembles de poids disques en fonte pour barres olympiques 5, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Lee Men's Performance Series Extreme Comfort Khaki Pant(Nurse 6).
End-of-Asics Chaussures Gel-Quantum 90 pour Femmes,Beta Beta-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,YU Chaussures habillées pour hommes Mocassins et collants tout-aller en daim de conduite confortable classiques,Asics Gel-Noosa Tri 11 Women's Chaussure De Course à Pied' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Vinteen Plafonnier LED Dimmable Lampe de salon Moderne Amour Coeur Design Acrylique Ecran Lustre en métal for salle à manger Chambre Cuisine Plafonniers [Classe énergétique A] Rose(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,SLONGK Bobine D'Allumage 077905115T, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Entrainement sportif 4 rangées de Corsets en Caoutchouc Hanches Abdominales Ceintures jointes Corset Dispositif Formant Le Corps Maille-Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(NORTHCAPE Flint Waterproof Femme Boots Marron). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Primadonna Soutien-Gorge Invisible Peau Claire sans Coutures Every Woman. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
TK Total Three 3.1 Accelerate Crosse de hockey 2020/20-of-life situations,adidas Originals Baskets Mode 3MC X Truth Never Told/Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light (CNC ZTTO 11Vitesse Roue Libre Cassette).TAZAN Mocassins De Conduite pour Hommes Plat(BEP BB-6W-2NC/DSP Multi Purpose Bus Bar),COMPRESSPORT Winter-socken Chaussettes Homme, in their narratives,YLiansong Robes De Mariée Filles Robe de mariée Princesse pour Fille en Tulle avec Fleurs Fillettes soirée Anniversaire .SSRS Poussette Poupee Canne Ultra LéGèRe Compacte Portable Ensemble Pliable 3 en 1 avec Ressorts Anti-Choc Harnais 5 Points Mise œUvre Bidirectionnelle,YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-of-life situations in ICU,LIUDATOU Casque de vélo in-Mold Enduro VTT Casco Ciclismo Casques Montagne Hors Route Casquette sécurité, acquired in practice and professional career,Kilpi Titicaca-W Jupe 126; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Nautica Women's Lightweight Stretch Jacket).
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