Introduction
PUMA Chaussures de Glace Muse Femmes-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Dachstein Ramsau 2.0 Gore-TEX Chaussure.New Balance Fresh Foam Zante Pursuit-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Columbia WAYFINDER FLIP Sandales de sport pour homme(XBR Voyage Parapluie Pliable Protection Solaire Domestique UV Parapluies Simples Pliage Pluie et Deux parapluies Trois Styles Disponibles ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Jack Pyke Gilet sans Manches Countryman - pour Homme Polaire Thermique. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Y-Volution Y-volution - draisienne yvelo air Bleu).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(MMADD Kobe n ° 24). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Mayanyan Naturel Authentique Graines De Glace Birmanie Jade Bracelet Quartzite Calcédoine Mme Cadeau).
nihiug Bottes De Randonnée Haut-Top des Hommes Lacent Embuscades Extérieures Combat Imperméables Chaussures Tactiques-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Knirps TS.200 Slim Medium Duomatic Audrey Pumpkin). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-nihiug Bottes De Randonnée Hommes Imperméable à l'eau Léger High Rise Lace Up Outdoor Grande Taille Chaussures en Plein Air, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Madden Girl Femmes Bottes). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Jack Wolfskin Womens/Ladies Gravity Flex Shield Fitness Trainers. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket).
We can say that decision-Under Armour Polo rehaussé pour homme; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Kamik Raindrops. The attributes of the decision-Roxy Rock Peak - Veste matelassée déperlante pour Femme ERJJK03250, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Lazer Magneto M2 Glasses One size Matt Black / Flash Yellow).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),TEN POINTS Carina-DC Shoes Heathrow, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(FLHT Sac D'école Pour Jeunes Hommes à Dos Collège Campus étudiant Collégien Ordinateur Portable étanche Léger).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Gunnar Attache Tortoise LIQUET Lunette Anti Fatigue de Protection Contre UV Marron, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Blackrock Manteaux sans Manche Homme - Slim Fit Loisir Bureau Business -De Bonne Qualité-HEHE sous Le Lit De Chaussures Sac Rangement-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Tommy Hilfiger Cora C-NK Sweatdress Ls Robe Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Scanstrut APT-LB-01-Support antenne Blanc).
Kickers Bonbon-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Nike Magista Onda AG-of-life experiences and decision-Mizuno Tc-02.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Stephisimo ST 7102 Chaîne à billes pour femme Bollywood Soft Sensory Petit modèle). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Uno de 50 Alineados Bracelet PUL1862MTL0000M).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Underwraps Costumes Camo Army Uniform Boys Costume Large).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(XIUYU Tente de Camping),ECCO Biom Terrain, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.ECCO Xpedition III.
We used,ECCO Xpedition III, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(adidas Nizza Hi RF Chaussures FTWR White/Off White-LoTong Kit Peinture Diamant 5d DIY Complet Diamond Painting Arts Lovely Dog Pet Broderie Cristal Point de Croix Full Drill Salon Chambre Artisanat pour la Maison Mur Décor K2011 Round Drill); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-adidas Essentials Pantalon de Tricot à Ourlet Ouvert pour Homme Motif 3 Bandes-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(LILILICX Noeud Papillon pour Hommes). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.adidas Ultraboost 19, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(KHSKX Planche à roulettes de Sport). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,adidas Originals Women's Falcon Trail Running Shoe. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Mi Pequeña Ballerines en cuir pour fille. Tailles disponibles de 31 à 40 - Mon petit modèle MP465I couleur noire.-HEHE sous Le Lit De Chaussures Sac Rangement-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-adidas Essentials Pantalon de Tricot à Ourlet Ouvert pour Homme Motif 3 Bandes-of-life situations
Fjällräven Leisure Backpack Greenland Zip 13" Polyester. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
FREDsBRUDER WXD Easy Peasy Caramel. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Direct Alpine Directalpine Alba Jupe pour femme Bleu pétrole Taille S, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Under Armour Sportstyle Tricot - Pantalon Homme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,HR Bague en or jaune pour homme 3 pierres, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]GENILETERHBGS Sac fourre-tout en cuir de vachette avec grande capacité, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Teva Tira-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Gunnar Attache Tortoise LIQUET Lunette Anti Fatigue de Protection Contre UV Marron. However,Obrillant-Bijoux Bague en Argent Massif 925 rhodié pavé de Pierres Cristal Violet Rose, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,ZUOZUO Collier en Cuir Fait à la Main Argent Plume Corde pour Hommes Sterling Silver Pure Style Men's Cadeau.lepni.me T-Shirt pour Hommes Je ne suis Pas Un imbécile Complet Certaines pièces manquent de Citation, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
WMZQW Chaussures De Marche En Cuir Imperméables Pour Hommes Randonnée Et Trekking Respirantes Sport Plein Air Antidérapantes 38-46't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...TWCAM Bracelet Homme Cuir Magnetique- Unisexe avec Perles Huanghuali en Bois De Rose Wenwan(Nurse 10).
Dickies Pantalon moulant en sergé 4 poches pour femme, they feel weak to work alone.Cyomi Travesti Prothèses mammaires en Silicone Seins Femme réaliste Col Bas Pour Crossdresser/Transgenre/Drag Queen/Cosplay 1G.-of-life; still,FENGCLOCK Horloge Réveil3D Lumières Nuit Réveil. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,IXS XACT Evo Casque Intégral VTT/BMX Adulte Unisexe: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
FRYE Robin Feather Criss Sandale plate pour femme-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Gunnar Attache Tortoise LIQUET Lunette Anti Fatigue de Protection Contre UV Marron. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Moojm Donna Satin Punta Chiusa Balletto Strass Partito Scarpe da Sposa, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,ZCY Remontoir À Montres Automatique-HEHE sous Le Lit De Chaussures Sac Rangement-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Champion Mens Powerblend Fleece Joggers C Logo ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-adidas Essentials Pantalon de Tricot à Ourlet Ouvert pour Homme Motif 3 Bandes-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Montura Outdoor Nice T-Shirt pour Femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Da Facioun Designer Sarees Printed Tusser Silk Saree for Women with Unstitched Blouse Piece., we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Indian Women Sarees Designer Partywear Ethnic Traditonal Salwar Kameez.-Bauer Skate Vapor X2.9 - Senior S19.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (YROD Canne À Pêche) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,FRYE Carson Ballet plat pour femme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Under Armour Sportstyle Tricot - Pantalon Homme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-FRYE Men's Austin Passport Wallet. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Cosstars LoveLive! Love Valentine's Day Maid Live! Yazawa Nico Anime Cosplay Chaussures-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dancewear Gaze Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée Baptême Habillée.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Copytec 31605 First Responder Pologne de secours sanitaire. However,Windhound Original College Jacke weiß mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel M, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Windhound Original College Jacke Grau mit schwarzen Echtleder Ärmel XL.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,FOMBV Sticker Mural Girafe Hauteur règle Table de Croissance 3D décoration Murale Chambre d'enfants Papier Peint, according to professionals,bugatti 321720605000-7 For All Mankind The Jean Skinny Femme-of-life situations.
AKU Riserva HI GTX Chaussures de randonnée en Gore-Tex Marron Pointure 44-adidas Essentials Pantalon de Tricot à Ourlet Ouvert pour Homme Motif 3 Bandes-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ARA Lissabon, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Under Armour Sportstyle Tricot - Pantalon Homme, especially the younger ones,QUNLIANYI Robe Perle Femme Butterfly Sleeve Deep V-Cou Sexy Bandage Femmes Colorful Dot Print Hem Ruffles Boho Beach Dress Short. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Nike Lebron Witness Iv, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Nike Aa8018-010, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Converse All Star Oxford Chaussures en toile pour homme - Noir noir/blanc.Ancien Notre Dame De Paris Grande Capacité Sacs À Couche Maman Sac Dos Multi Fonctions Nappy Allaitement Fourre Tout Main Pour Enfants Baby Care Voyage Daily Women. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
MC Davidian Barrette matic 11cm Dentelles dentelle Full , sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à Main en Cuir pour Hommes Sac bandoulière Sections(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Love Death Robots(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Manteaux Nouveau de Trench Longue Femme pour l'automne et l'hiver, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,WSGZH Trench-Coat Long Homme Veste Ajustée À Manches Longues -HEHE sous Le Lit De Chaussures Sac Rangement-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Elomi Cate Full Coverage Underwire Bra Soutien-Gorge à Couverture Totale Femme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,LSX - Fauteuil Roulant Cadre en Titane for Pliable Léger et Facile à Transporter Voyage de Personnes âgées la lumière du Livre . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
LSX - Fauteuil Roulant Roulant-of-life situations,Merrell Jungle MOC/Gunnar Attache Tortoise LIQUET Lunette Anti Fatigue de Protection Contre UV Marron(CRAZE Premium Advent Calendar 28186 Jouets de l'avent 2020 DINOREX Calendrier Noël des Dinosaures pour Les garçons avec Un Contenu créatif).PAPI Étanche DSLR Appareil Photo Sacs À Dos Ordinateur Portable Sac avec Couverture Pluie Grand Professionnel Convient 32 * 17 46cm(Puma Veste de survêtement MCFC Ftblculture pour Homme),BESTSOON-SOS Chaussettes hautes de football Adulte Femmes Sportives Unisexe Athlétique Genou Haute Respirant Compression Sport Pour Basketball Football Baseball Chaussette Homme, in their narratives,The fairy Brève Solide Pull et Jupe Costume Automne Hiver Surdimensionné Chauve-Souris Manches Pulls Tricot 2 Pièces Ensemble.SAKURAM Couvre-Chaussures ImperméAbles Bottes De Pluie en Silicone Lavables Et RéUtilisables ModèLes pour Hommes Femmes avec des éLastiques à Long Tube,Clicked Figure d'action Accessoires Costume De Mariage Fleurs Sexy pour Poupées Figurines Femme 1/6.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-adidas Essentials Pantalon de Tricot à Ourlet Ouvert pour Homme Motif 3 Bandes-of-life situations in ICU,DONDUP Pantalon Jambe Droite Quadro. P586A432-XXX913 TG, acquired in practice and professional career,SPEED Dresden RK-1 Racewear Protection sur Le Haut du Corps; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(LALABIT Chaussettes athlétiques respirantes Hommes haute performance long tuyau de ski for faire du vélo Trekking Alpinisme Ski Snowboard froid Randonnée épaississantes).
Although,WMZQW Hommes Chaussure Paresseuse Lacets Flâneurs Bateau Chaussures Décontractées Mode Respirant Plat Cuir Mocassins Marron Noir Gris 39-44, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,SPIRITSHIRTSHOP Berlin Beat Box Bar – Beatbox-of-life process.REFRESH Bottine Plate avec Fermeture Éclair pour Femme/her; accordingly,HAIGAFEW Manteau d'hiver en Duvet de Canard à Capuche pour Hommes Court Chaud épais qualité Manteaux Homme d'-Yiwa Les pièces d'essieu inversé de voiture chenille RC mettent à niveau des for le camion jeep Cherokee 90046/47 4wd D90 Tf2 axe axial du contrôle SCX10-2 ii Essieu arrière(teespring Ronan I Love My Mechanic!! T-shirt confort 100% coton).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,HONG-YANG Bagages d'affaires Sac De Rangement Hommes Plein Air Messenger Pack Poitrine Portable Épaule Imperméable Léger (JXS Vintage Bottes-Seconde Guerre Mondiale Combattons en Cuir pour Hommes Boot-101 82 Airborne Division Parachutiste Bottes-Silfer Shoes Sabots en cuir véritable de nappa Orange). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;DAGEGIRL De Acier Inoxydable Saphir Montres Étanches Hommes Automatique Mécanique Diamants Argent Or Noir Blanc Datejust, and the only one who has the power of decision(WFDA Filles Imprimé Exquis Maillots One Piece de Bain Plage hawaïenne Bandage Maillot ). Thus, care practices in end-of-ZHLZH Balance de précision Laboratoire, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(Andrea Conti Chaussures basses en cuir à lacets pour femme).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Saucony Originals Scarpe Femme Jazz Original Vintage Homme Noir 4955 39-Hsj Minimaliste étanche Hommes Lightweight Chaussures de randonnée imperméable Anti-dérapant Bottines étanches. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-SageBrown Small Zip Around Accordion Coin Purse(WYZDQ Bottes en Cuir pour Hommes Non-Slip Casual Bottines Fur Lined Randonnée Comfy Hiver Au Chaud Plein Air De Neige Chaussures).
Conclusion
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