Introduction
Schneider Sportswear Loui survêtement pour homme - Bleu -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Exena Onice.SALOMON Wings Pro 2-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Heine - Best Connections Robe Opaque Femme(WFFF Ensemble d'outils 35pc à Domicile pour Outils de réparation Voiture 1/4"Dr. Douilles Clé cliquet). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Evolved Habitats Throw and Grow extreme No Till Raddish Food Plot. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(PUMA Alee Gore-Tex Mens Performance Bottes de Voile).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(ZFSWMY Sac à Dos en Plein air Toile Voyage Déjeuner Imprimé Grande capacité étudiants 30x14x45cm). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(YANGFH Caméra 1080P 12MP HD Jeu Cam 940nm Infrarouge LED Vision Nocturne IP66 Étanche Angle De Détection 110 ° caméra).
Tatonka-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Cyclisme Casque EPS de Vélo Réfléchissant 3 en 1 VTT Route Lumière Sécurité Hommes Intégralement Moulé Pneumatique avec 26 Trous 57-62 cm Ultra-Léger Antichoc). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-SCHÜRR Profi Shoes schürr Chaussures sécurité femme Lili SRA SB, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(XZDXR Boîte À Chaussures Rose). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Hanes Women's Activewear Big Girls' Ecosmart Graphic Fleece Sweatshirt. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Anita Soutien-gorge de mastectomie sans fil Care Livia pour femme).
We can say that decision-Sanuk Yoga Sling#2 Prints; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Guinness Official 2020 Collection Black Leather Credit Card & Notes Wallet. The attributes of the decision-Tommy Hilfiger Sonnenbrille , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Marc O'Polo Pull Homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Dahlgren Theodor Multipass Light Chaussettes-FDC WATCH Cadeau de Noël Montres pour Homme Mode à Quartz Japonais Date Bracelet Montre en Acier Inoxydable Noir et Vert Lightening Bolt personnalisés, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Suicidal Skate Skateboard Skates Punk Pint Skull Deck 8.75x32.875 Blue).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Converse All Star Hi, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,FRYE Women's Natalie Mid Engineer Boot-Argent 925 Sterling Hochet bébé fille L 14 cm-of-life situations.
Hélices pour moteurs JOHNSON - EVINRUDE
This is a study of qualitative approach,Hanes T-Shirt Comfortsoft LS sans ¡§?tiquette pour Homme Bleu Marine . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(FREDDY Pantalon WR.UP® Taille Haute en Simili-Cuir).
Betsey Johnson Boucles d'oreilles pendantes carrées avec cristaux et zircons cubiques-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Crazy Dog Tshirts Irish Rockstar Hoodie Funny Saint Patricks Day Shamrock Clover Shenanigans Shirt - Homme-of-life experiences and decision-Egypt Bazar Caftan style oriental pour femme Orange.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(VLERHH Géant Hippopotame Peluche). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(XYZMDJ Lampe de Table - en céramique Interrupteur à Bouton-Poussoir Base Retro Nostalgia Vintage).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Shazam!).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Ulla Popken Weiche Stretchhose Soft Peach Mony Pantalon Femme),LunarraStar Fairest of Them All Conte de Fées Blanche Neige Collier Pendentif Médaillon Ovale pour Femme en Plaqué Argent Snow White Miroir Charme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Pleaser Amuse-20.
We used,Skechers Women's Persmimmon Chai Combat Boot, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Bath Sac à Dos Grande capacité 56-75L extérieur-ANIIQ Les femmes Kaftan Robe musulmane islamique bleu royal Georgette brodé à long soir SNM279RB-5X); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Mizuno Techno Generation Maillot à Manches Longues pour Femme-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Gabor Bottes à lacets Gris). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.PUMA Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Nike Baskets pour Homme. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Nike JORDAN B.FLY BG-Argent 925 Sterling Hochet bébé fille L 14 cm-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Mizuno Techno Generation Maillot à Manches Longues pour Femme-of-life situations
ThirtyTwo Shifty Boa '17 Bottes de Snowboard. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
XCNGG Carte à Jouer Portefeuille en Cuir Fleur Mignon Fille Pochette glissière Sac Main. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Haminaya Petit Sac Bandoulière Femme Licorne mignonne , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Absolute Cult Disney Femme Bambi Meadow T-Shirt, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,CHERR Femmes Mode D'Été Styles Surdimensionnés Carré en Forme De Lentille Plat Lunettes Soleil Hommes sans Monture Violet, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Nouxh Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Black Panther Anime Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Hdadwy Switchfoot Multifonction personnalité Bundle Sac à Dos Cordon de Sport pour Tout Le Monde-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Converse All Star Hi. However,Hdadwy 3D a imprimé Le Sac à Dos groupé, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Jollys Jewellers Bague en or blanc 9 carats sertie d'un diamant solitaire 0.Hdadwy Sac à Dos imprimé en 3D, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
DSCX Femmes Leggings en Plein Air De Mode Sexy Taille Haute Pantalon Yoga Impression Numérique Collants Sport Grande't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...MUDRNO Sac À Dos Grand Femmes Hommes Gintama De Loisirs en Voyage Design Rétro Ergonomique(Nurse 10).
ZT-sm Lingerie Sexy À Lacets pour Les Femmes Badydoll sous-Vêtements De Nuit Lune Miel, they feel weak to work alone.TANGNIU Coloré Impression 3D coloré imprimé Sweat à Capuche Manches Longues de Poche Cordon épaississement Neutre Hommes et Femmes Pull Vacances B-817 Game of Thrones-of-life; still,Napapijri Varco Short Homme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,ARCTIX Veste d'hiver isolée au gel pour fille Clémentine 4T: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
EEUK Sweat À Capuche pour Hommes-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Converse All Star Hi. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Kawasaki Sports Polo, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,ROMIKA Chaussures de Ville à Lacets pour Femme Marron-Argent 925 Sterling Hochet bébé fille L 14 cm-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Ziiiro Mercury Unisexuhr Noir Milanaise Band Quartz z0002wb2; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Mizuno Techno Generation Maillot à Manches Longues pour Femme-of-life situations. In public hospitals,NYDJ Jeans Femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Vagabond Amina, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Smart Range Nouveau Blouson 2836 Noir en véritable Cuir de Vachette Aniline armée l’Air col Style Pilote Masculin-Reebok Royal Belief - M46654 Couleur: Blanc-Bleu-Graphite Pointure: 43 EU.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Upower U-Power Nico Sicherheits-Halbschuhe S1P SRC en ISO 20345 Gelb) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Absolute Cult Disney Femme Bambi Meadow T-Shirt' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Hanes Men's Graphic Tee-Americana Collection. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Amblers Safety FS197 - Chaussures montantes de sécurité imperméables Homme -of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Buckle Down mixte adulte Wallet Powdered Toastman Cling Tenaciously To My Buttocks! Portefeuille à 2 plis.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Lacoste PH4010 Polo Homme. However,Invisible World Poncho Femme Laine dAlpaga 100% Cape Hiver Automne Potosi, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Red Lion Socks Balles de Soccer Athletic Chaussettes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Jomos Life Pur 401501 45 000, according to professionals,Shires Sweet Itch Combo Fly Rug-Sportline Montre 660 Women's Cardio Heart Rate Blanc-of-life situations.
Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées-Mizuno Techno Generation Maillot à Manches Longues pour Femme-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Nora Champion 72021, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Absolute Cult Disney Femme Bambi Meadow T-Shirt, especially the younger ones,Brooks Qw-K. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
KMC Unisexe - Adulte Ti-N, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Durango Women's Crush Heart Boot, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Pleaser BONDGIRL-712 Blk Faux Leather/Blk Matte UK 6 .Pandora 79298-D - Drops Femme Lettre Initiale Argent 925/1000. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:ZENGER Jewelry Zenger Or 18 carats Double tête de Mort Bracelet Perles
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Lacoste Polo Homme(Nurse 6).
End-of-Roshambo Baby - Lunettes de soleil incassables UV400-5-12ans Bébé Unisexe,mys Sneaker Original Vintage Hi Personnalisé et Imprimés Chaussures Coutume-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Brodeway [Personnalisable] Peignoir personnalisé Enfant uni à Capuche - Ciel Taille 6 Ans Broderie Gratuite dans Toutes Les Langues,Foster-Natur Combinaison de Neige - Doudoune Bébé ' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Seven Sons Sac à dos Turquoise bleu ciel(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Jallatte Basket DE SECURITE JALATHLON S3-of-life,RICOSTA Daphne.Carhartt T-shirt à manches courtes pour homme, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Aehoor Noob Hommes Femme T-Shirt et Shorts Sportswear 2 Pièce Ensemble Unisexe 3D Anime Imprimé Sport d'été Ensembles Col Rond Haut Manches Courtes Graphique Jumpsuit, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Pleaser BEJEWELED-3019RSF-7.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Scarpa R-Evo Trek GTX, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Lloyd Bazar-Argent 925 Sterling Hochet bébé fille L 14 cm-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(YH Y-H HyRIDER Signature Culotte Bleu Marine/Rouge 26"). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Vince Camuto Robe décontractée à volants floraux pour femme. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Mizuno Techno Generation Maillot à Manches Longues pour Femme-of-life situations in ICU,FRYE Women's Veronica Duck Boot, acquired in practice and professional career,GIANMARCO VENTURI 2 23 Monture de lunettes carrée pour femme Rouge transparent; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Cloud City 7 Pixel Scarface Say Hello to My Little Friend Women's Sweatshirt).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Mockledd T-Shirt(GJBXP Kamisama amour baiser Momozono Nanami femmes perruque Cosplay Costume Hajimemashita résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques-Haojie 170cm Peluche Lapin Mignon poupée en Grand Petit Blanc Rag Doll Sleeping Oreiller Envoyer Petite Amie Oreille Lapin). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;Amanda Walter Cape à Capuche, and the only one who has the power of decision(FACAI Masseurs électriques pour Les Pieds). Thus, care practices in end-of-1944 Zodiac Apparel for Men Women Birthday Gift Horoscope Pisces T-Shirt, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(SKTWOE Bottes De Cheville Femmes).
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Conclusion
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