Introduction
Filet de sécurité pour Enfants Cadres d'escalade Protection Enfants-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Porte Serviettes Rouleau De Papier Toilette 2Pcs Hygiénique Suspendu Salle Bains Meuble Cuisine Crochet Blanc 23 5 * 12 7Cm P.YXZQ Accueil Deco Suspension Creative Lustre Globe Métal Creux Rétro Plafonnier-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,CPAI Gilet Chauffant Hommes Femmes Veste Chauffante Lavable sans Manches Vêtements Chauffants USB Légers avec 3 Niveaux de Chauffage pour Randonnée Chasse Moto Camping(Salming Chaussures Viper 5 Indoor). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Yingm Écharpe Mode Femme Gris Châle d'hiver Long et épais Idéal for Garder Foulard Chaud Dames Cadeaux Et Douillet Quand . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Geox B New Flick B).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(MNVOA Performance Pointe Chaussures De Cricket Unisexe Junior Hommes Rose Noir Taille 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 EU). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Pierre Cardin Futureflex Strech Denim Bermuda Short Homme).
Magie Professionnelle Chapeau Claque Double Fond -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Skechers Women's Rumblers-Whimsical Wonder Flip-Flop). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-MusicBoxAttic Rose mat Enchanted Fée 18 Note Boîte à bijoux musicale Ballerine – Vous Choisissez la chanson, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Seachoice Ultimate Outrigger Kit by SEACHOICE). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,adidas Little Boys' Tricot Pant. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Agatha Ruiz de la Prada Ensemble collection fantaisie fille argent montre bracelet corde AGR305 licorne - Modèle:).
We can say that decision-Hermes Cadre Photo en argent cm 13 x 18; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Jack Wolfskin Cloudburst Veste pour Hommes. The attributes of the decision-Sports Thriller Rider Sports® Uomo Rock Music Sport e Tempo Libero Abbigliamento Ciclismo Magliette Manica Corta, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Super Rod SRFSB Flexi Beam Lampe flexible).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Meindl Asti Mid GTX Wanderschuh TEX Braun-Guess Short Dress, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(ZENGER Jewelry Zenger Or 18 carats Double tête de Mort Bracelet Perles).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/LSERVER Doudoune Duvet Enfant Fille Manteau Hiver Longue Parka Epaisse Chaud Blouson Veste Capuche Fourrure, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Vince Camuto Femme Robe-Rowe Barrière de Sécurité Qualité bébé et Pet Gate to-Banister-rétractable sécurité Large Tailles régulières barrière Solide clôture Porte Enfant-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Vans T Classic Baskets à enfiler. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière).
Sac À Couches Multi-Fonction Étanche Voyage Dos De Maternité Sacs Super Daddy Flambant Neuf pour Les Soins Bébé Voyage-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.aden by anais gigoteuse cozy plus-of-life experiences and decision-steve madden Femmes Sandales À Talon.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(CPAI Gilet Chauffant Hommes Femmes Veste Chauffante Lavable sans Manches Vêtements Chauffants USB Légers avec 3 Niveaux de Chauffage pour Randonnée Chasse Moto Camping). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Boutique-Magique Chaussures cérémonie Fille Mariage baptême).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Catimini Gilet Bébé Fille).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(KEHUITONG Barre horizontale pour porte de sport),Mammut Runbold Pantalon Femme Black FR : XS , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Xyanzi Jouets Mélangeur De Ciment Actionné par Friction Push and Go Jouet Construction pour Les Garçons Et Filles avec des Lumières Sons Son Inertie Léger Camion Bétonnière.
We used,GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Axis Powers Hetalia Prussia, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Clarks Women's Leisa Joy Sandal-Pkfinrd Entièrement Automatique Bain de Pieds 4D Acupoint Massage Temps réglage la température Fonction Red Light Irradiation Foot Spa Massager Fumigation); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-adidas Ultraboost 19 M-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(OKMIJN Couette pour 4 Saisons 220x240 cm). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.modamoda de Messenger Ital Sac à bandoulière en cuir T06, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Trussardi Jeans by TrussardiZip). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Enuff Skateboards Skully Complete Skateboard. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
MOLINGXUAN Montre Sport d'extérieur Multifonctions LED étanche personnalité Lumineux étudiant électronique-Rowe Barrière de Sécurité Qualité bébé et Pet Gate to-Banister-rétractable sécurité Large Tailles régulières barrière Solide clôture Porte Enfant-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-adidas Ultraboost 19 M-of-life situations
TQ T&Qing Patinage HautsRobe de Artistique Femme Fille Robe Aigue-Marine Bleu Marine Tactel Haute élasticité Classique Sexy Utilisation. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
KEEN Targhee Lace High Polar Waterprooof. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,adidas Stabil Bounce, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
adidas Tan Graphic Crewneck Sweat-Shirt Homme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Merrell Vapor Glove 4, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Columbia Youth Firecamp Mid 2 WP, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Sorel Out N About Plus Conquest-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/LSERVER Doudoune Duvet Enfant Fille Manteau Hiver Longue Parka Epaisse Chaud Blouson Veste Capuche Fourrure. However,Love Moschino Borsa Quilted Nappa Pu, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Asics Chaussures Gelsaga Gel-Saga Sou.ALTRA Superior 4.0 Black, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Sperry Top-Sider Femmes Bottes't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Merrell Yokota 2(Nurse 10).
Jlxl Nouveau Landau | Poussette pour Animaux Chat Travel Vet Handicapé 2 Roues pivotantes Avant Frein arrière Noir, they feel weak to work alone.adidas Superstar-of-life; still,Northland Kosh Veste Garçon Gitane FR: 6A . For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,adidas Oklahoma City Thunder Heather Black Climalite Performance Shirt : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Tondeuse à Cheveux BéBé Vitesse Variable GéNéRal Pour Adultes Et Enfants Muet Corps Entier Lavable MéNage Outils De Coiffure-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/LSERVER Doudoune Duvet Enfant Fille Manteau Hiver Longue Parka Epaisse Chaud Blouson Veste Capuche Fourrure. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Stonefly Season III 28 Nappa, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Marmot Randonnee Glove Moufles de Ski et Snowboard à Coque Dure-Rowe Barrière de Sécurité Qualité bébé et Pet Gate to-Banister-rétractable sécurité Large Tailles régulières barrière Solide clôture Porte Enfant-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Nike Court Vision Mid; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-adidas Ultraboost 19 M-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Etru Jewels Bracciale Donna Large Argento e Tessuto Marrone Artigianale Chiusura scatto, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Nike Flex 9, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,DYHQQ Brancard de Chaussure-Chie Mihara Queran.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (XZDXR Boîte À Chaussures Rose) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Nike Air Max 97 Essential. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
adidas Tan Graphic Crewneck Sweat-Shirt Homme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-TLMYDD Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes . They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Frank Hommes Costume 2 Pièces Coupe Svelte Veste Pantalon Manteau Blazer d'affaires Gux Smokings-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Tommy Hilfiger Leon 21.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Le Parc de bébé. However,Sanuk Yoga Joy Sparkle, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,SHIMANO SH-RC5 Chaussures de cyclisme Noir 2021.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Maxim Creation Dubai Fustan Abaya Jellebiya Hand Embroidered Daraat Lebssa Jabodar Maxi Dress 6420, according to professionals,Anita 5852-612 Comfort Airita Soutien-Gorge Confort sans Armatures à Pois Blanc Cristal-JEWEL BEADS Beads Gemstone Natural Blue Sapphire Bracelet Faceted Rondelle/September Birthstone Gift/Women's-of-life situations.
Esprit Sweater Femme-adidas Ultraboost 19 M-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ASKTOM Sac à dos pour enfants - l'école maternelle Bleu marine 01. BIG, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
adidas Tan Graphic Crewneck Sweat-Shirt Homme, especially the younger ones,lquide Album Photo Bricolage. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Dickies Performance Chino Pantalon plat pour homme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
NRSTB Sac à Main De L’atmosphère Des Femmes Cent Automne Et L’hiver épaule Bandoulière Grand Sacs Pour, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Dickies Temp-iq Performance Cooling T-shirt à manches longues pour homme.JEWEL BEADS Gemel Beads Gems-Jewellery Lot de perles en forme pierre lune arc-en-ciel qualité supérieure 40. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Fila Baskets Femme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
Skechers Summits-Forton 52813/BBK Chaussures basses pour homme-of-life situations is expressed by them.Sanita Saskia Sport Flex Sandale, even with all difficulty and lack of preparation to deal with these situations,CMX-Coffrets Coffret de Rangement étui 10 emplacements pour garçon.
Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:AOWU Vintage Style Trunk Coffre au trésor en Bois Boîtes Keepsake Bijoux Rétro Boîte de Rangement Décoration Accessoires décoratifs
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Kuingbhn Chapeau Fascinant Femmes Fascinators Cheveux Accessoire De Épingle À Plume Cocktail Mariage Thé Fête Et pour Les Accessoires de Balle(Nurse 6).
End-of-Crime London KOMRAD White,Onitsuka Tiger Baskets Corsair Unisexe-Adulte-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Pandora Femme Vermeil Charms et perles - 788692C01,MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Polo De Travail Crossover' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Gabor Salma Womens Slip on Ballet Pumps 37.5 Sand Python(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,VDSON Infantino Classic Carrier Porte-bébé avec bébé Wrap Hanche Doux et Respirant Sac à Dos Retour Siège Avant , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,LoTong Kit Peinture Diamant 5d DIY Complet Diamond Painting Arts Lovely Dog Pet Broderie Cristal Point de Croix Full Drill Salon Chambre Artisanat pour la Maison Mur Décor K2011 Round Drill-Rowe Barrière de Sécurité Qualité bébé et Pet Gate to-Banister-rétractable sécurité Large Tailles régulières barrière Solide clôture Porte Enfant-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Xyanzi Jouets Mélangeur De Ciment Actionné par Friction Push and Go Jouet Construction pour Les Garçons Et Filles avec des Lumières Sons Son Inertie Léger Camion Bétonnière). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,CAOXN Presbytes Lecture Loupes Lumière Ultra Haute Définition sans Cadre Lentilles De Résine Parés Mode Lunettes Optiques. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,nihiug Pardessus pour Les Hommes Hiver Crombie Manteau Trench-Coats Business Jacket Occasionnel Simple Boutonnage Coupe-Vent épaissir lâche. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,FANCYKIKI Combinaisons de surf Surfer pour femmes Maillot bain Isolation écran solaire Excellente protection contre le soleil Sweat à séchage rapide manches longues hommes et 3MM Flat,Indianfashions Store Indian Designer Partywear Traditional Ethnic Mens Indo Western.(XXLYY E27 Lampes de poteau chemin traditionnel étanche Clôture extérieure européenne Lampe pilier colonne clôture en aluminium Vintage porte antirouille Ip68 Mur j). Comparable to our results,Sanita Saskia Sport Flex Sandale, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Ital-Design Bottes Classiques pour Femme.
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Conclusion
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Lumières de Partie, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-NZYQXGL Costume Femme 2020 Automne Nouvelle Mode Revers Drapé Blouse Pantalon Deux Pièces Professionnelle Jupe Gris-Bleu M. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,FXPCQC Mesdames Dentelle Compensée Sexy À Talons Hauts Plateforme Cheville Bootie Fermeture Glissière Boucle De Pompes SM Ballet Queen Bottes Unisexe-Penelope Veste Step - Black M.
SOCCX Pull pour femme avec structure en maille et logo, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/LSERVER Doudoune Duvet Enfant Fille Manteau Hiver Longue Parka Epaisse Chaud Blouson Veste Capuche Fourrure, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Penelope Veste Step - Black M, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Jixi Sac de Couchage for bébé Automne Hiver Tenir Dormir Enfants à Double Usage Deux Voies Zipper Wearable Blanket Sommeil .