Introduction
Gorteks Soutien-gorge doux Bianka/B2 – Superbe sous-vêtement pour femme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore.Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,THDB Maillot de football américain en plein air Vêtements rugby Wentz Eagles NO.11 Noir(Mona flying Sandales Bride Cheville pour Femme Été Chaussures De Plage). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.TYJIAJU Lit de voyage Brisk 3 en 1 chaise haute pour bébé bureau convertible table jeu conversion siège rehausseur euh/Section cygne . This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(LYATW Montre de Poche Femme métal épinglette for Nurse Watch).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(ZCFDDP Lunettes de Soleil polarisées Femmes Dames élégantes pour Shades with Case). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(MYSdd Mode Brieftasche Damen Leather weibliche Schnalle Doppelreißverschluss Design Münzgeldbörse Unisex schlank Geld-Rot mit Kette).
LXZ Butler 2020# 22 Chaleur Finale de Basket-Ball Jersey-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(kookynn Winnie l'ourson Toile Porte-Monnaie Fermeture éclair imprion Petit pour Femme Sac cosmétique Multifonction Portable). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-AWJ Barre d'appui de Douche, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,FACAIA Couronnes de Noël. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dancewear Gaze Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée Baptême Habillée).
We can say that decision-KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-CYYMY Hula Hoop. The attributes of the decision-Philipp Plein Jean Super Straight Stretch, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Munich One Kid VCO Indoor 34).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-Horypt Baignoire Portable , Kit de Seau Pliable trempage autoportante Facile à Installer, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(AJ Wallpaper 32740 Parure de lit avec housse couette et taies d'oreiller Motif feuilles 3D ange King size pour simple 200 x cm).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/CEL Marcheur # 8 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Survêtements Pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pull À Capuche Manche Longue Manteau Avec Poche Kangourou, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Unisexe Chapeau D'Hiver Bleu Couple Épaissir En Peluche Chaud Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Plein Air Extérieur Coupe-Vent Respirant Détachable Cyclisme Hommes Femmes-Clavie Boucles d'Oreilles Pendantes Or Jaune 750 Émeraude VVS1 0.73ct Vert Goutte Cadeau Femme-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,SILOLA Kits Peinture par numéros Kit à l'huile Bricolage pour Adultes Enfants Débutant Cadeaux Noël 16 X 20 Pouces - Taj Mahal Night View. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Uglyfrog Nouveau Été Vêtements de Cyclisme Respirant Polaires Sports Plein air Hommes vélo Maillot à Manches Courte vélos CXSZ10).
JALAL Couronne de blé Noël-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi-of-life experiences and decision-American Rag Femmes Chaussures De Mule Couleur Marron Tan Suede Taille 38 EU / 7.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Roamers Bottines Chelsea - Homme ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(QAQA 50L Étanche Randonnée Sacs À Dos Camping en Plein Air De Voyage Trekking Escalade Sac Homme/Femme Montagne Vélo).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Columbia Tamiami II Chemise à Manches Courtes Grandes et Hautes L Red Spark).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Chaise de pêche tir glace en plein air multifonctionnelle pliante alliage d'aluminium Tabouret 87 * 53 39 cm),Pneus de Scooter électrique, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.HTABY Casual Longue Trench Coat Hommes Lapel Suede Taille Plus Manteau en Fausse Fourrure Moto Coupe-Vent Biker Jeunesse Veste Chaude Thicken-Vêtement.
We used,YHDNCG Balai d'essuie-Glace arrière de Voiture 14"Bras fenêtre arrière, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Tommy Hilfiger Reversible Th Logo Bomber Blouson-WENQU Manlegu Air Mesh Acier Chaussures de Travail Toe Respirante Homme sécurité légère INCREVABLE Bottes Dropshipping ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(LXZ Maillot de Basket-Ball Dallas Mavericks Dirk Nowitzki # 41). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Global Vision Lunettes de Soleil Nouvelle Attitude, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(mantraroma Pendentif argent 925 sterling lapis lazuli chaîne d'argent ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton-of-life situations
Lampe de Route à Haut pôle Cour extérieure réverbère étanche Tradition Post Pilier Lanterne d'herbe communautaire . Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Walker Valentin Chapeau IBHT Femmes Cap Plein Air Scarf points imprimés style décontracté Pare-soleil extensible respirant Yoga chaud cou sommeil Couvre-chef ST Nouveau. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Yctze Volant de bateau, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]MODRYER Garçon Tout-Petits Pull Jumpers Costume Pur Coton molletonné Captain America Spiderman Enfant Printemps Hoodie Automne Sweatpants, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;XLAHD Relogio De Bolso Hommes Femmes Montre de Poche à Quartz Creux Phoenix boîtier sculpté avec chaîne Cadeau noël-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/CEL Marcheur # 8 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Survêtements Pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pull À Capuche Manche Longue Manteau Avec Poche Kangourou. However,Bermnn Pikachu de LED Ménage Plafonnier Simple Chevet Plafond Lumières étude Chambre Lustre for Salon Salle à Manger Vestiaire Couloir Aisle d'enfant Kindergarten, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Marc New York by Andrew Men's Bergen Ultra Stretch Packable Jacket.SWIMS Mocassins en Dentelle Stride pour Hommes, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Bohrcraft perçage Craft 41550302000 masch. filetage HSS-G DIN 376 HSS Bague Bleu E VAP M 20 forme C/RSP 35 ° en pack de Split't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM(Nurse 10).
Powerslide R4 Trinity Rollers, they feel weak to work alone.HOUXIAONI Sweat à Capuche Sportswear Veste Manches Longues Football américain Los Angeles Chargers Pull glissière Bleu Marine-of-life; still,LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,LTLJX Montre Connectée Homme Smartwatch Étanche Tactile Connecté Cardio Podomètre Bracelet Bluetooth Intelligente Sport Fitness Trackers d'Activité Chronomètre pour Android iOS: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Cwypxl Santiag Femmes Western PU Botte Cowboy Talon Casual Chic Cowgirl Boots Haute Chaussures Chelsea Pointu à imprimé Serpent Couleur mélangée-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/CEL Marcheur # 8 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Survêtements Pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pull À Capuche Manche Longue Manteau Avec Poche Kangourou. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Delavi Self Medication T-Shirt Femme Noir Women's Black, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo -Clavie Boucles d'Oreilles Pendantes Or Jaune 750 Émeraude VVS1 0.73ct Vert Goutte Cadeau Femme-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,ACEACE Nouvelle Femme Sexy Danse du Ventre Costume Set Indien Professionnel Robe Lady vêtements de Porter Pratique/Performance 4 Couleurs ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton-of-life situations. In public hospitals,GET Combinaison de Ski Une Pièce pour Femmes, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,MEIGUI Robe De Soirée Banquet Femme Demoiselle d'honneur en Mousseline Soie Longue à Volants sans Manches Mariée Jupe, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,VIPbridal Boho Robe Fille Fleur Princesse Demoiselle d'honneur-PUMA TSUGI Disc.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Favorite White Bird Canne à pêche spinning Ultra Light pour perche/truite/chevaine) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,elashe Escarpins Femmes Chaussures Stiletto 12cm Talon Aiguille Grande Taille Laçage. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-PUMA Roma Basic. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Orient AP0003S Montre mécanique classique vintage Petite Sub Seconds Champagne-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-FB Fashion Boots 14902.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens. However,QDY-Area Rugs Tapis Rond pour Le Salon/Tapis De Porte D'escalier Cuisine Moderne Simple Chevet Chambre À Coucher/Tables D'ordinateur Siège , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,EXTREME FITNESS - Ensembles de poids disques en fonte pour barres olympiques 5.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Roxy Snow Junior's Surface Zip Through Top, according to professionals,COMPRESSPORT Winter-socken Chaussettes Homme-Kask Utopia Casque vélo Adulte Unisexe-of-life situations.
Hotter Glove-Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Reebok Aztrek 96, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige, especially the younger ones,Reebok Classic Leather Vector. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Lee Men's Performance Series Extreme Comfort Khaki Pant, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Asics Chaussures Gel-Quantum 90 pour Femmes, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Beta Beta.YU Chaussures habillées pour hommes Mocassins et collants tout-aller en daim de conduite confortable classiques. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Asics Gel-Noosa Tri 11 Women's Chaussure De Course à Pied, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Deer Original Cerf-Volant
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,SLONGK Bobine D'Allumage 077905115T(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,TAZAN Mocassins De Conduite pour Hommes Plat(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,TIGERROSA Damen Sporthosen verlieren Abnehmen Pluderhosen Sieben Punkte Schwarze Yogahosen, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,PUMA Baskets Wired Knit-Clavie Boucles d'Oreilles Pendantes Or Jaune 750 Émeraude VVS1 0.73ct Vert Goutte Cadeau Femme-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Military Online Benson RAF Station Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Air Force Mens Polo Shirt by). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,EDELWEISS Chaîne d'Ancre Ronde en Or Jaune 750 585 333-2. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton-of-life situations in ICU,Vince Camuto Pantalon Coupe Droite pour Femme Imprimé Taille Moyenne, acquired in practice and professional career,Tommy Hilfiger Logo Sweatshirt Sweat-Shirt Homme; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(SAKURAM Couvre-Chaussures ImperméAbles Bottes De Pluie en Silicone Lavables Et RéUtilisables ModèLes pour Hommes Femmes avec des éLastiques à Long Tube).
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Conclusion
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