Introduction
Hotter Glove-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Reebok Aztrek 96.Reebok Classic Leather Vector-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Lee Men's Performance Series Extreme Comfort Khaki Pant(Zoggs Bruny Ruch Front Maillot de Bain Une pièce Femme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Asics Chaussures Gel-Quantum 90 pour Femmes. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(LAETI TREMA Boucles d'oreilles Cuzco Malachite ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(B/H Pantoufles pour Femmes Swollen). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(ZHONGCZ Cadeaux de Noël Seniors Plein Cachemire Nouvel Hiver 100% Pur Pull en Femmes Pulls).
Beta Beta-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(ORUS BIJOUX Bague Argent Griffe serti Blanc - Femme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-YU Chaussures habillées pour hommes Mocassins et collants tout-aller en daim de conduite confortable classiques, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Xyanzi Jouets Mélangeur De Ciment Actionné par Friction Push and Go Jouet Construction pour Les Garçons Et Filles avec des Lumières Sons Son Inertie Léger Camion Bétonnière). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Asics Gel-Noosa Tri 11 Women's Chaussure De Course à Pied. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(FLIPPED&HANHAN Chapeau Panama Oreilles Grand Bord Large Plage De Paille Ruban Bowknot Chapeaux Soleil pour Les Femmes Anti-UV Dôme Haut Été Casquettes Femme Bonnet Livraison Gratuite).
We can say that decision-Vinteen Plafonnier LED Dimmable Lampe de salon Moderne Amour Coeur Design Acrylique Ecran Lustre en métal for salle à manger Chambre Cuisine Plafonniers [Classe énergétique A] Rose; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-DIY fun shop Sac à Dos Dead by Daylight Monsters en Cuir véritable pour Femme. The attributes of the decision-LOVEKUSH 50% Off Gemstone Jewellery 5 Feet Peach Moonstone Silver Coated Bezel Continuous Connector Chain - Size 10-15mm Code:- RADE-37903, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Under Armour Threadborne Fortis 3 Running).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),LXX Col De Poupée Costume Princesse Douce Peut Porter des Pyjamas Femmes Printemps Et Automne Service À Domicile-WYYWCY Une Loutre de mer Mignonne Flottant sur Le Motif l'eau Tapis Couverture Portable et Pliable 60x78 Pouces Pratique pour Camping la Plage Pique-Nique en Plein air, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Under Armour Sportstyle Sweat-shirt polaire zippé pour homme).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/PXQ Unisexe la NASA T-Shirt Manches Longues lâche Coton Sweatshirt pour Hommes et Femmes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,SLONGK Bobine D'Allumage 077905115T-LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Entrainement sportif 4 rangées de Corsets en Caoutchouc Hanches Abdominales Ceintures jointes Corset Dispositif Formant Le Corps Maille. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(XXLYY E27 Lampes de poteau chemin traditionnel étanche Clôture extérieure européenne Lampe pilier colonne clôture en aluminium Vintage porte antirouille Ip68 Mur j).
Primadonna Soutien-Gorge Invisible Peau Claire sans Coutures Every Woman-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.TK Total Three 3.1 Accelerate Crosse de hockey 2020/20-of-life experiences and decision-adidas Originals Baskets Mode 3MC X Truth Never Told.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Casque Activ 2 – Casque de vélo). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(JEOLVP Noeud Papillon Femmes Noir Et Blanc Crâne Pour Hommes Pretied 5x2.5 Pouces Personnalisé Classique Réglable Convient La Fête De Mariage).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(WFQGZ Chaussures Décontractées Coussin d'air De Sport Hommes Lacets Respirant Entraîneur Marche Maximum).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(OOPP Jouets pour Le Bain de pêche magnétiques en Bois),TAZAN Mocassins De Conduite pour Hommes Plat, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.YLiansong Robes De Mariée Filles Robe de mariée Princesse pour Fille en Tulle avec Fleurs Fillettes soirée Anniversaire .
We used,SSRS Poussette Poupee Canne Ultra LéGèRe Compacte Portable Ensemble Pliable 3 en 1 avec Ressorts Anti-Choc Harnais 5 Points Mise œUvre Bidirectionnelle, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(KEECARLY Portable Pop Up Camping Tente instantanée Toilettes confidentialité Douche Fit for l'extérieur Dressing Toilette Bain Herbe Verte-2 Pcs Ensemble Housse De Siège Pour Enfant Bouquet Mariage Frais Ross Fleurs Voiture Suv Compatible pour Airbags Universal Fit Voitures Camions et SUVs Housses P); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Haix Funktionsstiefel Black Eagle). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.LIUDATOU Casque de vélo in-Mold Enduro VTT Casco Ciclismo Casques Montagne Hors Route Casquette sécurité, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Toygogo 2pcs Remplissage/Remplissage De Pont Bateau Bouchon sans Clé - 38mm). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Kilpi Titicaca-W Jupe 126. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée-of-life situations
PUMA Baskets Wired Knit. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
EDELWEISS Chaîne d'Ancre Ronde en Or Jaune 750 585 333-2. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Loungefly X Disney Mini sac à dos Motif portrait, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
MUK LUKS Chaussons Critter pour Femme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,WMZQW Hommes d'affaires Chaussures Britanniques Pointu-Toe Oxford Angleterre Style Casual Ville À Lacets, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Portable Butane Stove Burner - Taille Unique, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Home Trainer Rouleaux dim. 145L x 56l 10-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/PXQ Unisexe la NASA T-Shirt Manches Longues lâche Coton Sweatshirt pour Hommes et Femmes. However,Mars Jun Sac à Main en Cuir Véritable Sacs Business Mallette 14 Pouces Cartable Porte Document Sacoche d'ordinateur Hommes d'affaires Bandoulière, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Vince Camuto Pantalon Coupe Droite pour Femme Imprimé Taille Moyenne.Tommy Hilfiger Logo Sweatshirt Sweat-Shirt Homme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
El Naturalista Nido't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,WENZHEN Sac à Dos The North Face: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ALPE 32201134 Bottines en Daim pour Femme Gris-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/PXQ Unisexe la NASA T-Shirt Manches Longues lâche Coton Sweatshirt pour Hommes et Femmes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
L.ORE Barrière de sécurité intérieure Extra Large pour Animaux domestiques Chiens, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,VEKDONE Women Costume d'halloween pour Femme Gothique Princesse Cosplay Robe Lolita Grande Taille-LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,CP CALMA PROJECT Sac à bandoulière pour femme; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Macron Home Jersey White/Red 19/20 Red Star Belgrade, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,ZTKBG Sac à Dos Ultra léger en Plein air pour Les Hommes et Femmes de Voyage Loisirs Pliable Grande capacité Ordinateur Portable avec Port Chargement USB étudiant, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Korntex KXRJGS Veste imperméable Jaune Taille S-Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac à bandoulière en Cuir pour Femme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Eastern Counties Leather Bottes Jodie en peau de mouton - Femme) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,lquide Support de Rangement pour Micro-Ondes Coin à 2 Niveaux. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
MUK LUKS Chaussons Critter pour Femme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-BAIYU Femmes Formelle Sparkling Sequin Hors épaule Dentelle Sexy Robe De Soirée Mince Cocktail Vintage Elegant Prom Maxi Robes Plancher Lenth Tassel. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,FXQ Amovible Pet Chauffage Mat-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-adidas 9 pair Performance Sneaker Socks Unisex short sock.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Générique Pantalon Women Pants Fall Winter Washed Blue Thin Skinny Feet Jeans. However,Y NOT? Ladies bag Ynot? Caroline 003 Black, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Invicta 4432348/D Doudoune Femmes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,MELLRO Classique Montre de Poche Mécanique Romaine Numerals Man Half Double Hunter Skeleton mécanique , according to professionals,XiexHOME 27"x77 écharpe Wrap châle faisans avec des plumes colorées femmes grande mens longue élégante couverture chaude-Qiterr Remontoir de Montre-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,SSG Home Voyage en Plein air École Sac Collège école à Dos Décontractée Etudiant Mode Simple Grand Capacité, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
MUK LUKS Chaussons Critter pour Femme, especially the younger ones,Panier Panier. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Zerimar Bottines Femme | Cuir Chaussures Elegant Classique Bottes, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
WANGXIAO Veste en Duvet Hommes, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Plafonnier carré simple à LED.Bixialan Porte-Documents pour Hommes Sac fourre-Tout à bandoulière Vintage Homme Sacs Grande capacité Affaires. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Trussardi Jeans by TrussardiZip, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,KIKIRon Pantalon de pêche Nylon Chest Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing 100% imperméable Plus Velours Un (Nurse 6).
End-of-Pierre Cardin Jeans - Homme Bleu,ZHENRENJIAFA Full hair full hand woven wig female air bangs buckle invisible headgear @40cm Perruques Cosplay pour Femmes Cheveux Halloween-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Leder24h lederwaren rund um die Uhr Gilet en cuir avec gilet mousquetons 9000 noir Noir/orange xl,Kfuhua Portefeuille Pochette Cuir Cadeau Pack Femme Court Pliant Slim Wallet Vintage' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Nike Lebron Xvii (Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Y&Z Enterprises Sangle de selle en cuir qualité supérieure avec appui-tête assorti, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Furla 1927 S Tri-Fold Couleur Océan 1056757-LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Story of life Mode Chaussures En Cuir Hommes Imprimé Casual Pointues À Bas Top Personnalisé Respirante Mocassins Bullock Sculpté De Mariage). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,LXDDP Écran Tactile Navigation Voiture Android 9.0 10. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée-of-life situations in ICU,Cluty Sac à Bandoulière Femme cuir véritable, acquired in practice and professional career,Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WTFYSYN Chaussures diabétiques à Pantoufle Extra Large).
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,SHANGN Patins À roulettes Enfants Roues Alignées Chaussures roulettes-MEIGUI Robe De Soirée Banquet Femme Demoiselle d'honneur en Mousseline Soie Longue à Volants sans Manches Mariée Jupe. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-NUOLANDE Distributeur de Couvre-Chaussures 100 Protections Overs pour la Maison(Helly Hansen HH Warm Freeze Sous-vêtement technique 1/2 zip Homme).
Conclusion
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