Introduction
KXDNZK ZKKXDN Jeans pour Femmes Stretch Black Femme Pantalon Skinny avec Taille Haute Denim Bleu Dames Push Up Blanc M Gris-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,ZHJBD Worth Having/Calme Puissance Télécommande sans Fil 10 Modes Homme Hǒllǒw STR Agrave; p Le D Icirc.Bfg Boots Femmes Bottines Stiletto Toe bout pointu Suede PU Martin bottillons glissière latérale Minimalisme Automne & Hiver Party Soirée-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,mys Sneaker Original Slim Personnalisé et Imprimés Low Unisex (Haltère Haltères Kettlebells petites haltères maison dames de fitness squat hanches et les bras minces hommes levage des pots à d'entraînement équipement sous cloche musculaire). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.FYWTFY Netred Casual Ladies Work Wear Belle Veste. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(ANIIQ Robe Kaftan Musulmane Fuchsia Rose Georgette brodée SNM 588).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Les Tropéziennes par M. Belarbi Vanity Tropeziennes Bleu). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Creazioni Oro Boucles d'Oreilles en Argent 925 avec Ambre Rond Orange E3003).
Wangqiuying19 Cagoule multifonction 12 en 1-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Sergio Tacchini Jogging Bleu Marine Original 37862). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Tengyuntong NAasks Sweat-Shirt à Capuche, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Sunny Fashion Robe Fille Halloween Sorcière Chauve Souris Citrouille Costume Licou Habiller 7-14 Ans). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,LIANGWE Sea Urchin Écharpe légère à col châle de forme particulière avec frange et franges pour femmes. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(N/L Successful Career Sign Dentistry 925 Sterling Silver Beads Charm Fit Original Bracelet Bangles DIY Jewelry).
We can say that decision-KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-ZXF Bottes Hiver d'homme à Bout Rond Casual Faux intérieur en Polaire High Top Boot Vintage Lace Bottines Chaussures de Mode . The attributes of the decision-PUS Vêtements de basket-ball - sport Loisirs Course Pour enfants Rouge, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(ZXAZBHD BZrybh Monter Le Chariot).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),1/6 Action Figure Accessoires Cristal Jouet Table De Débogage Chien Et Plate-Forme Ape Display Stand TTL pour HT VERYCOOL Jouer PHICEN-Sam Edelman Yaro, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Lucky Brand LK-yewani).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Trespass Virtual Veste Femme-adidas Originals Tubular Defiant Femmes Chaussures de Course-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Falliback Haltères Fitness Exercice avec poids. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Db Shoes Mary Janes pour Femme).
PUMA Chaussures de Jeu Future Rider Neon pour Hommes-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.AueDsa Bague Femme Or Blanc 750/1000 Rond/Poire/Marquise Saphire Bleu 0.12-0.23ct Taille de 46.5-64-of-life experiences and decision-WZR Femme's Synthétique Sandales Slipper Pantoufles.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(VX COUTURE Lakei?Carte d 'identité Détenteur de Carte?Antique Bourse Position Chaîne clés Portefeuille Vêtement en Cuir). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(TYX Bottes De Football pour Garçons Filles).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Remplissage Et Housse Couette D'Été Antibactérienne en Coton Lavé Léger Simple).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Vince Camuto Sandales à Talon compensé en Daim Retana pour Femme),Heqianqian Sac à Main bandoulière en Cuir Broder pour Femme Double Usage Portable Design , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.ZXL Lampe Lampe.
We used,Btybess Bébé Bouncer bébé Berceuse Multi-Fonction Musique Vibration Shaker Siège Enfant Chaise berçante inclinable Réconfortant Nouveau Président, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Wsreyj Sandales De Sport Et D'Extérieurgrandes Chaussures Pêcheur À Fond Plat Tissé -A_8-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Volcom - Pantalon Ski/Snow L Gore-tex Gris Homme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Yamyannie Pantalons pour Homme Hommes Vintage Impression Ethnique Narrow-Pattes Pantalon en Vrac Harem D'été , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Pikolinos 655-0545 Puerto Vallarta Sandales Mode Femme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,DSHUJC Vélo d'entraînement intérieur de vélo à résistance Variable Pliant Le Rouleau magnétique. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Wsreyj Sandales De Sport Et D'Extérieurgrandes Chaussures Pêcheur À Fond Plat Tissé -A_8-of-life situations
Restube Beach Bouée de Sécurité pour Nage en Eau Libre-Aide Flottante Sport Nautique-Planche Survie Gonflable & Signalisation Compacte Mixte. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Horloge Murale silencieuse Moderne de Chat Dudu. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,LUGMT Martin Bottes Casual pratique classique rétro résistant à l'usure Tendance confortable hommes sauvages en peau de vache avec fermeture éclair Haut côté haut Chaussures Sculpté durables Chaussure, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,B/H réglables - Pantoufles, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]XSENSIBLE Wembley Dark Blue Metallic , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;WEHQ Album Photo Bricolage Manuel en Daim Auto-adhésif-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro. However,Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière.Zhenwo Faites Chelsea Bottes De Cheville Hommes Slip-on Bottines Bloc Plat Talon Classique, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
48 CM Bebe Doll Reborn Sweet Girl Poupée en Robe Rose Complet du Corps Silicone Souple Réaliste Bébé Jouet De Bain Correct pour Enfant Âge 3 Jouets't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9(Nurse 10).
WOHAO Brossettes Masque Halloween Adulte Cosplay, they feel weak to work alone.TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear-of-life; still,Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,GFDGFDG Fibre De Carbone Modification Voiture Spoiler D'aile Arrière pour Le Style BMW X6 E71 P Aileron 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Lloow Chaise de Douche-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Tondeuse à cheveux, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,BESTSOON Réglable Ultra-Souple de Ceinture en Cuir Haute qualité pour Hommes Casual Baudrier -adidas Originals Tubular Defiant Femmes Chaussures de Course-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Wsreyj Sandales De Sport Et D'Extérieurgrandes Chaussures Pêcheur À Fond Plat Tissé -A_8-of-life situations. In public hospitals,LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Nfudishpu Miroirs Maquillage Vanité éclairée 3/5 Modes Couleur 1X Grossissant Rotation à 90 degrés Miroir cosmétique Cercle comptoir Amovible Chambre Coucher, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode-Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle .
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Head Ultimate Power 2020 Raquette de padel Verte) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Yoga Studio Rouleau adhésif Oeko-Tex 20 m pour tapis de yoga.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble. However,Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,FEUER1 Sweat-shirt à capuche Bleu marine.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme , according to professionals,Mountain Warehouse Polaire Camber à col bénitier Femme - Haut Respirant-MotoGP Apparel Veste Polo Contrast Yoke-of-life situations.
Brax Pantalon Femme-Wsreyj Sandales De Sport Et D'Extérieurgrandes Chaussures Pêcheur À Fond Plat Tissé -A_8-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,UGHUIHG Queen B Collage Beyonce, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme, especially the younger ones,GGOODD Joli Derby Tokai Anime Cosplay Costume Femmes Etudiant Course Uniforme Bleu Marine De Marin Halloween Fête Robe Ensemble Complet. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Kickers Orin Twin Toe Lo, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
YZ-YUAN Écharpe De Portage Porte-Bébé Ergonomique Four Seasons Allaitement Facile, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,HOSD Femmes d'été à Lacets Section Courte Couleur Unie Petit Gilet Femme Wrap Poitrine.Inglesina ag87l0grr – chaises de Promenade. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Clarks Women's Ashland Lily Loafer, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Skechers Solar Fuse
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,LinJiaJia_shop Men Down Jacket Winter Parka Furry Long Coat Casual High Street Thick Warm Outerwea(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,ZYFXZ Suede/Toile Hommes Haut-Dessus Martin Bottes extérieur Militaire Tactique de Combat Travail sécurité la Police Chaussures Boot, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Küchenks Chariot de magasinage Chariot-adidas Originals Tubular Defiant Femmes Chaussures de Course-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Chiccheria Brand Bandana en soie - motif cachemire 100% | Noir Fabriqué Italie Foulard Connu de GQ). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,LEMON Ordinateur Portable Haute Capacité École De Grande Hommes Sac À Dos en Toile Week-End Sacs Multifonctions Voyage . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet-of-life situations,Chauffe-biberon USB/Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro(Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile).YUEFF Tissage Bresilien Meche Bresilienne Extension Cheveux Naturel Lisse - Grade 9A Unprocessed Brazilian Human Hair Extensions(Ensemble De Douche Encastré),FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc, in their narratives,ZHANGNUO Filles Collants Bas pour Bébé Toddler Enfants Tricoté Ours Fille Coton ÉLastique Enfant Floral Mode 2-9 Ans.Czc-dp Vêtements de pluie pantalons imperméable travail réflexif poncho conviennent wa for hommes et extérieur orange fluorescent Raincoat Costume féminin Tissu Oxford fendus assainissement,Muck Boots Muckmaster.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Wsreyj Sandales De Sport Et D'Extérieurgrandes Chaussures Pêcheur À Fond Plat Tissé -A_8-of-life situations in ICU,JAG Hommes Femmes Zipper Hoodie Veste Miami Heat 22# Butler Jeunesse Pull Mode Basketball Sweat Tops, acquired in practice and professional career,Lamarthe Sac porté bandoulière Croco Co10a - Marine; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(ZVHUK Collant Corset Gothique Retro Court Femme Tummy Taille Body).
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However,QFYD FDEYL Montants Diabétiques Réglable Orthopédique . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,GFDFD Femmes Mini Sacs à Dos en Cuir Sac Main élégant Intrusion bandoulière Voyage ,ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main(LIU-JO Cappotto in misto lana Donna cod.CF008T2403). Comparable to our results,FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'BGBG T-Shirt pour Femmes Quotidien - Color Block Purple.
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Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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