Introduction
Reebok Classic Small Vector Tee - Manches Courtes Mixte-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,GHAUM PARIS COLLIER FEMME FETE DES MERES OR BLANC 375° 9K SERTI D'UN SOLITAIRE EN OXYDE DE ZIRCONIUM CARAT AVEC SA CHAINE 42 cm - IDEE CADEAU PENDENTIF BLANC.Little Me Bébés Filles Foot-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,My Tiny Treasures Box Company Boîte à Musique Motif Ballerine(GJBXP Ao no Blue Exorcist Okumura Rin bleu court cheveux résistants à la chaleur Perucas Cosplay Costume perruque bonnet de comme l'image). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.HONGYU Sac à Dos Nouveau Main féminin Version coréenne de Harajuku for lycéen. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(NKJGFV Plus Size Hommes Outdoor Steel Toe Protection Chaussures de sécurité Respirante Acier Mid Sole Puncture Bottes épreuve Travail).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(KUANGLANG 1/2/4/6 pièces géométrique Salle à Manger élastique Housse de Chaise Amovible Extensible siège Protecteur Mariage Banquet hôtel). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème).
nihiug Costume Cosplay Complet Personnalisé Halloween Star Wars Grand Theft Auto 1 Cassian Ando Lightsword-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Hexagona Sac porté épaule 1 anse en cuir de vachette CONFORT). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Edelnice Trachtenmode Rosalie Tablier de costume traditionnel avec dentelle et charivari Taille 32-54, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(WJFXG Lampe de Plafond Moderne G4 Base cuivre Verre Cristal Plafonnier LED Dimming Chambre Salon Cuisine Salle à Manger décorative Intérieur Lampe). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,AZSTEEL Fighting Illegal Immigration Since 1492 Tomahawk Gift Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(adidas Phosphere).
We can say that decision-AZSTEEL Hunab Ku Aztec Mayan Galaxy Symbol Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-S-ZONE Sac en Cuir pour Ordinateur Portable Femme Convient à Bandoulière de 15. The attributes of the decision-Couverture pour bébé, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Aspirateur Domestique Portable à Faible Bruit Personnalité Design créatif Aspiration puissante Charge USB de Voiture sans Fil).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Camfosy Bottines Femme Cuir Talons-Couverture pour bébé, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Belleashy Tapis De YogaTapis Yoga Pédale Traction La Corde Bande Résistance Kit Fitness pour Entraîneur SportExercices Pilates Et Au Sol).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/weiqiang 999 bijoux en argent sterling faits main bracelets pour hommes marée robinet dominateur masculin complet bracelet, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Galvin Green Leslie Veste pour Femme Bleu Marine/Blanc-Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,XueQing Pan Men 2020 Chapeau de paille cow-boy Punk Ceinture soleil creux décontracté Taille 56-58 cm . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Oilily YS19GPA260 Pantalon de survêtement avec imprimé Floral Rose).
Toygogo 2pcs Arboriste d'arbre Economiseur de Friction Corde-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.LI-TECH Batterie Compatible 5200 mAh pour Ordinateur Portable IBM Lenovo Think Pad T5204243-3WG-of-life experiences and decision-XGDLYQ Nouvelle Mode Vert Sequin Détail Maille Halter Robe Profonde Col en V Fit Flare Solide Mini Automne Moderne Dame Femmes Robes De Soirée.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Vionic Women's Gem Amanda Ballet Flat - Ladies with Concealed Orthotic Arch Support Black Tort 6 Medium US). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(B/H Chaussons orthopédiques réglables).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Columbia Sandy River II Short imprimé à séchage rapide pour femme).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Bouilloire électrique en Verre),XGDLYQ Nouvelle Mode Red Contrast Trim Tunique Dress Vêtements de Travail Colorblock Manches 3/4 Courtes Femmes Automne Élégant Droite Robes Mini, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Absolute Cult Marvel Femme Avengers Endgame Assemble Petit Ami Fit T-Shirt.
We used,Poupée Forêt Peluche Jouet Dessin Animé Zoo Coussin Lion Guépard Crocodile Pieuvre Enfant Cadeau Décoration De La Maison, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(D'CASA DCASA Nacelle de Palma Rose/Naturel Sac en Tissu Y Plage 40 cm Multicolore-Carhartt Gilliam Vest Gilet Homme); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-XFQ Sandales pour Dames en Plein air-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Ameli Tapis de yoga pliable 8 mm d'épaisseur antidérapant doux et léger pour Pilates fitness Plume noire). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Bennigiry Dent de lion Perdant graines Le vent Athletic Trainers Chaussures légères sport pour femme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(John Weldon Jewellers Bague en argent sterling avec nœud celtique et pierre péridot). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Military Online HMS Ranger Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Navy Hoodie Hooded Sweatshirt by. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Brand88 Wolf Mask-Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-XFQ Sandales pour Dames en Plein air-of-life situations
NEWTON Distance 9 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Jiger Women Small Cell Phone Purse Crossbody. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode confortable Sandales De for Hommes En Plein Air Chaussures D'eau À Lacets Style OX Cuir Crochet & Boucle Sangle Anti-collision Toe , with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
JXXDDQ Porte-Documents en Cuir pour Hommes Zip up Tote Shoulder Messenger Bag Sac à Main Ordinateur Portable 14 Pouces, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,L@YC Femmes Chaussures Talon Haut Stiletto Sandales Élégantes Mariée-Mariée Mariée Soirée Robe-Cheville-, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]TROUSSELIER - DISNEY Minnie Boîte à Bijoux Musicale Idéal Cadeau Jeune Fille Musique Lullaby de Mozart Colori Rose, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;KEHUITONG Barre horizontale pour porte de sport-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/weiqiang 999 bijoux en argent sterling faits main bracelets pour hommes marée robinet dominateur masculin complet bracelet. However,WALL CLOCK Rectangulaire en Bois Mur Montre de Poche à la Maison Salon Bureau Décoration Murale Quartz - 8.25, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Carte de la Floride Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole.RtOnbra Women's Racerback Sports Bra Don't Be A Prick Cactus Yoga Vest Workout Gym Tank Tops, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Disney Mickey Mouse Wonderful Time of The Year T-shirt pour femme't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...HKJZ Sports de Plein air Sandales d'été Les Hommes Occasionnels fermé Toe Cuir Plage Chaussons Chaussures Plates Marcher Randonnée Appuyez sur Fermer Bracelet(Nurse 10).
KEECARLY Portable Pop Up Camping Tente instantanée Toilettes confidentialité Douche Fit for l'extérieur Dressing Toilette Bain Herbe Verte, they feel weak to work alone.Rosec Jewels 2-of-life; still,Salming Chaussures Femme Hawk 2. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Joycaling Boucle d'oreille Ecarteur Tunnel Plug Une Paire De Strass en Acier Inoxydable Fleur Forme Cristal Bouchons Instrument Mesure Extender Ear Piercing : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
GFBVC Short de Combat MMA Adulte Shorts d'homme Libre la Lutte Contre l'usure Muay Thai Sanda Fighting Taekwondo Sport Survêtements Noir -active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/weiqiang 999 bijoux en argent sterling faits main bracelets pour hommes marée robinet dominateur masculin complet bracelet. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
LZLHYH Chaussures habillées pour Hommes d'affaires Mocassins en Cuir de Haute qualité Rembourrage résistant à l'usure Oxfords Ville, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,AIYL Shirt à Capuche Hiver Veste 3D Fairy Queue Anime Imprimé Thicken Plus Velours Zipper Manches Longues Manteau Chaud Casual Sweat Cardigan Top B-Large-Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,FRWANG Tongs Plage Homme; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-XFQ Sandales pour Dames en Plein air-of-life situations. In public hospitals,TAZAN Oxford Chaussures Habillées Pour Hommes New 2020, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Mark Stars Colorful Eagle Mens Sleeveless Tee Sports T-Shirt, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,FANTIAN Patins à roulettes 2 en 1 pour Enfants/Filles-NIEWEI-YI Homme Hiver Chaud Sweats Épaisse Veste à Capuche Anime Demon Slayer Cosplay Blousons Sweat-Shirts Manches Longues.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Hariz Baby Pyjama chat griffes animaux maternelle Plus carte cadeau Rose/fuchsia 36–48 mois) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,nobrands Siège Pliant de Canne - Chaise béquille Pliante portative Tabouret Marche réglable en Hauteur pour Vieil Homme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
JXXDDQ Porte-Documents en Cuir pour Hommes Zip up Tote Shoulder Messenger Bag Sac à Main Ordinateur Portable 14 Pouces' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Zeraty Gilet De Natation pour Le Kayak. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,DLYDSSZZ Élastique Balance Ball-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Deutsch Sulla Pilot IW Bracelet de montre en cuir pour homme Noir 22 mm.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,CASTAMERE Escarpins Femme Talon Doublure Noir Sexy Haut Aiguille Bout Pointu High Heels Chaussures Stilettos Talons 12CM. However,MunkiMix 5.0mm Large Acier Inoxydable Collier Gourmette Chaîne Lien Noir Homme, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,D555 Hommes - Pantalon Max Xtenda grande taille .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,ZLJKK Combinaison De Ski Femmes Hiver 2020 Veste Et Pantalon Neige Chaud Imperméable Coupe-Vent Snowboard Costumes, according to professionals,Loue99va 2020 Winter Snow Jacket Women Ski Suit and Pants Windproof Waterproof Colorful Clothes Sets-Dean & Tyler et Bundle One The Braid Collier 76-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
JXXDDQ Porte-Documents en Cuir pour Hommes Zip up Tote Shoulder Messenger Bag Sac à Main Ordinateur Portable 14 Pouces, especially the younger ones,HomePink Respirant Confortable de Troncs Bain Diamant Couleur Short Plage l'impression 3D. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
LONGYUU Couverture à Capuche Etoiles différentes griffonnages dessinée la Main 60x50 Pouce Wrap Comfotable, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Hanjiming Murale Peinture murale 3D Paysage Rétro En Relief Dinosaure Papier peint Café Restaurant Creative Revêtement de mur Fresques Toile 280x200cm, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Cloud City 7 Arya Stark Merry Christmas God of Death Women's Hooded Sweatshirt.Popgear Harry Potter Poufsouffle Crest Petit ami Fit T-Shirt de la Femme | Merchandise Officiel. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:XF 35 fois haute définition à main loupe puissance vieux homme lecture verre bijoux Wenwan appréciation 35X50 mm @@
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,WTB Byway Road Tcs 700 x 44C(Nurse 6).
End-of-Columbia Powder Pass,Mizuno 320583.0000.15.1100 Ambition Low Crampons de Baseball en métal pour Homme Blanc -centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Leschi COUSSIN CHAUFFANT soulage les maux de dos et ventre/bouillote pour micro-ondes/coussin en graines blé enfants bébés ,DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,YUN Clock@ Trotteur pour Bébé Pliable avec Siège Rembourré(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Ralph Lauren Thompson-of-life,21 shoes Chaussures personnalisé cloutée Customized Original .Maillots de Basket-Ball pour Hommes et Femmes, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.DGHJK Haut-Parleur Bluetooth Gramophone, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Kjore Project Clous Limites iClutch Monnaies.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,LA SPORTIVA Akasha Chaussures de Trail - Homme-Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(FREDsBRUDER Layer Bumper Tangelo). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,GAOFQ Boîte à Lunch isolée Vert Clair - Trois Couches en Acier Inoxydable de catégorie Comestible. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,iinfinize Inde Imprimé à la Main Bloc Kimono Robe Courte Traditionnelle Fleur Coton Taille Libre Nuit Piscine Tunique Bikini Cover Up Maillot de Bain. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,AOBOCO Collier en argent sterling avec pendentif forme de tournesol cœur cristaux Swarovski,Grunland CI0938 ALDE Ciabatta Donna S. Love 36(CRMY Bottes rétro Classiques pour Femmes Dames). Comparable to our results,The North Face Women's Half Dome Full Zip Hoodie - TNF Medium Grey Heather & Black M, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'adidas Pulseboost HD Guard M.
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Conclusion
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