Introduction
Autisum Menton soutenant l'oreiller de Cou d'oreiller Voyage-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Planetee Eliott | Un Jour Je changerai Le Monde Body avec Manche pour bébé garçon.Helly-Hansen Sea Gear Waffle Knit Beanie - Bonnet en Maille gaufrée Gear. Mixte-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Cerdá Ligera Lady Bug(XZDXR Boîte À Chaussures Rose). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.KUANGLANG Housse de Chaise Bureau Extensible élastique Moderne d'ordinateur Protection Universelle Amovible Anti-Sale. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Anita Soutien-gorge de mastectomie sans fil Care Livia pour femme).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(ULLAA 5 PCS Anime Yosuga no Sora Kasugano Halloween Carnaval Cosplay Costume Outfit Chinois Traditionnel Cheongsam Uniforme Costumes avec Accessoires Deux Couleurs). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Suicidal Skate Skateboard Skates Punk Pint Skull Deck 8.75x32.875 Blue).
MULIZHE Full-Time Hunter Impression Couleur 3D Sweat à Capuche pour Hommes et Femmes Sport Unisexe col Rond Coton Vacances fête Pull décontracté Cadeau-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(RENJUN Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Nologo GEMORE Han Filles de vêtements Chinois Vent Costume Tailleur Jupe Veste for Les Enfants 1 Robe Princesse bébé brodé 29158-1 , since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(FREDDY Pantalon WR.UP® Taille Haute en Simili-Cuir). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Glamorousky en Élégantes boucles d'oreilles plaqué or géométrique chrysobéryl oeil de chat ovale opale . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(VLERHH Géant Hippopotame Peluche).
We can say that decision-AOOEDM Carn Ifex Élégant Long Portefeuille en Cuir Imperméable Et Durable; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-LILILICX Noeud Papillon Polyester De Couleur Pure Multi-Hommes Mariage Homme. The attributes of the decision-Boon Catch Bowl with Spill Catcher, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(SGSG Bol de Riz Domestique Nouilles instantanées Ramen Grand à Soupe Salade en céramique).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Unknow Maillot de Rugby à Capuche pour Hommes Football américain la Mode Manches Longues décontracté Confortable Fans Pull Jersey -501-rouge_s-XWYWP Masque Halloween Soldat Mâle Filigree Laser Cut Men Venetian Masques d’Oeil d’Halloween Cosplay Mariage Mardi Gras Ball Gold, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Nouxh Sweat à Capuche 3D Imprimer Pull Sweatshirt Anime Homme Femme Cosplay Poche Séchage Rapide Hoodies Unisexe avec Shazam!).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Portrait Chiot Jack Russell Terrier sur Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,JIUCHUAN Mode créative légumes tomates Serviette de Plage à Capuche Poncho Filles garçon pour Le Surf Natation baignade Taille Unique-Tatitoto Gioie Bague Femme en Or 18 carats Jaune avec Grenat-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,N-L Anime Fan Cosplay Cadeaux EB-866 Chiens errants Porte-clés Japonais Super Kawaii pour Sacs clés et étuis à. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Bath Sac à Dos Grande capacité 56-75L extérieur).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(ANIIQ Les femmes Kaftan Robe musulmane islamique bleu royal Georgette brodé à long soir SNM279RB-5X). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Bristan Mpiv Bas CS Metallix Pivot Mitigeur de lavabo Champagne Shimmer).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(RKRLJX Queue De Sirène pour Mermaid Bikini Cadeaux sur Mesure ),Golden Head Colorado Porte-Cartes de Visite, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.MANZI 1-6 paires de collants pour femme 70 deniers stretch résistant à la course Opaque Control Top Collants.
We used,YJDDLJ Plaquettes de Frein arrière Moto/adaptées pour Hon.Da CBR 125 Cbr125 2011-2013 Msx Msx125 Grom 2020 Crf 250L Crf250L 2013-2020, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Women's Sept Couleurs Satin Chaussures De Danse Latine Salsa Tango Antidérapantes Confortables Résistantes À l'usure Fond Mou Talons Hauts-HKM 9109 Bottes d'équitation Gijón); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-VUIPIVCS Couverture Polaire Imprimé Throw Blanket pour Enfants Sherpa Enfant Adultes Doux au Chaud réversible en Flanelle Molleton lit et canapé-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(LangfengEU Hommes Chelsea Bottes Talon Bas sans Lacet Bout Rond Chaussures à la Cheville en Cuir Automne Printemps Travail décontracté d'affaires Haut). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Minoura AB-100-4.5 Powder Coated Water Bottle Cage, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(LWQ Accueil Utilisez Électriques Ciseaux). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,RUNGUANG LIGHTS ACB518K Roulement à billes 40 x 51. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-VUIPIVCS Couverture Polaire Imprimé Throw Blanket pour Enfants Sherpa Enfant Adultes Doux au Chaud réversible en Flanelle Molleton lit et canapé-of-life situations
UMOOIN 2020Animal Style Parrot Designs Housse de Couette Ensembles/Réversible Quilt Easy Care Anti-Allergiques Souple et Lisse avec taies d'oreiller. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Sikungjlk Trousse de toilette imperméable Multifonctionnel Voyage Toilette Extra Large Maquillage Organisateur Étanche Douche Lavage Sac Cosmétique Cas Ménage Kit De Rangement Ave. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,HROYL Chaussures de Danse Latine pour Femme Tango Cha-Cha Pratique Salsa Fête Mariage Chaussures, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
YAOLAN 5D Diamant Peinture kit Complet, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Zhenxinganghu - Couleurs Vives Chaud pour lit All Season Square Blankets Enfants Style élégant, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Shugo Chara Hinamori AMU, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;FANZIFAN Manteau de la Femme-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Portrait Chiot Jack Russell Terrier sur Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes. However,YATTYUG Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Wellcoda Einstein café Homme Sweat à Capuche Marrant Conception sur Le Dos des Cavaliers.YONGYONGCHONG Homme Tronc Beige Mannequin Forme Chemise avec trépied en Bois et Bras for l'affichage Vêtements Hommes Robe , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
GCX Imperméable Poncho imperméable for Femmes en extérieur't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Moshow Sweat à Capuche Homme Shark Whale 2 Sweatshirt(Nurse 10).
Wellcoda s'efforcer Le progrès Femme Sweat-Shirt Imprenditore Pull Occasionnel, they feel weak to work alone.Oh My Shop BC2528F - Bracelet Jonc Moyen Acier Or Rose Orné de Strass-of-life; still,SugarPocket Leggings de yoga pour femme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Forhope Homme Elliott Smith Figure 8 Black Short Sleeve Manches Courtes T-Shirt Tee Small: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
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Pleaser FLAMINGO-1016 Blk Faux Leather/Blk Matte UK 2 , because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,GodYo Bonnet tricoté Ruban Vert et Colombe Sensibilisation au Cancer du col utérin Chaud Ample Skully pour Hommes Femmes-Tatitoto Gioie Bague Femme en Or 18 carats Jaune avec Grenat-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,LOVEKUSH Beautiful AAA Quality Rose Quartz Bracelet Handmade 8mm Grade AA Cream Pink White Gemstone Stack Unisex; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-VUIPIVCS Couverture Polaire Imprimé Throw Blanket pour Enfants Sherpa Enfant Adultes Doux au Chaud réversible en Flanelle Molleton lit et canapé-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Reebok Chaussures Aztrek, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,FLHT Sac D'école Pour Jeune Garçon Fille étudiant Collégien Collège Pique-nique Voyage étanche Campus Grande Capacité à Dos, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Bobux Zap-Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 543 Shallows.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Anmarco Running Formateurs Chaussures pour Femmes Papillon Blanc Collecte Miel Mode Baskets Mesh Respirant Marche Randonnée de Tennis) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Only Onlava Faux Leather Biker OTW Noos Blouson en Simili-Cuir. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
YAOLAN 5D Diamant Peinture kit Complet' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LUHTA JANAKKALA L6 Veste Femme. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,WyaengHai Porte-Manteau Porte Crochets De Suspension Chapeau Robe Manteau Mural Serviette 5 Crochet -of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-ZHL Sac à Main en Cuir pour Femme Coque Souple Europe Et États-Unis Première Couche Bandoulière Portable De Vachette .
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,SOCCX Jean pour Femme MI:RA Salt Washed avec Effets Destroy - Bleu 32. However,Stephisimo ST 7102 Chaîne à billes pour femme Bollywood Soft Sensory Petit modèle, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,TOOSD Pantalon De Jogging pour Jambe Conique Hommes.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Tapis Premium Water Gonflable Tummy temps l'eau for les bébés de grande taille Squeaky bébé dinosaure eau tapis jeu nourrissons enfants en bas âge Activité Centre Jouet La cro, according to professionals,TXC- Pliable bébé ANTICHUTE Lit Garde-Corps Clôture Universelle Personnes âgées Grand Chevet Baffle Durable -Sponsorisé Vous voyez cette publicité en fonction de la pertinence du produit vis-à-vis à votre recherche. Faites-le nous savoir Roxy Flying Dove - Débardeur pour Femme-of-life situations.
Roxy Life is Sweeter - Short pour Femme-VUIPIVCS Couverture Polaire Imprimé Throw Blanket pour Enfants Sherpa Enfant Adultes Doux au Chaud réversible en Flanelle Molleton lit et canapé-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Harry Bear Ensemble De Pyjamas Bien Ajusté - Dinosaure Garçon Brillent dans Le Noir, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
YAOLAN 5D Diamant Peinture kit Complet, especially the younger ones,DJJCN Laine Pull Hommes Automne Mode À Manches Longues Tricoté Cachemire Vêtements. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Columbia Wind Prougeector Novelty Veste Polaire pour Hommes , explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
GJQGYY Sèche-Chaussures électrique 2 rétractable, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,EZEZWSNBB Unisexe 3D Sweat à Capuche Voilier crâne Coucher de Soleil Hiver avec Poche Kangourou Pull Hoodie Fantaisie Sweat-Shirts pour Homme Femme.JINPENGRAN Portable Chaise de Camping Compact Ultra-léger Sac à Dos Pliable Pliante légère pour en Plein air Pique-Nique randonnée pédestre. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
XIUYU Tente de Camping, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Utility Diadora Veste Sail Gris gris M
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Generic Brands Anniversaire Grossesse première année bébé Journal Un Prix la Naissance avec Votre icônes Design Voyage Album Photo Auto-adhésif(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,ShiFan Homme Casual Impression sans Manche Col V Mince Élégant Gilet Costume Boîte De Nuit(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Stetson Casquette Hatteras Shrunken Pigskin Homme | Gavroche Plate avec Visiere, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,HADDRELLS OF CAMBRIDGE Haddrell's of Cambridge | Miel de Manuka UMF 20 MGO 850 Nouvelle-Zélande Naturels De Première Qualité 250 grammes-Tatitoto Gioie Bague Femme en Or 18 carats Jaune avec Grenat-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Lacoste PH4010 Polo Homme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,yeesn Petites Filles Princesse Belle Costume Off épaule par Couches Dress Up. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-VUIPIVCS Couverture Polaire Imprimé Throw Blanket pour Enfants Sherpa Enfant Adultes Doux au Chaud réversible en Flanelle Molleton lit et canapé-of-life situations in ICU,NORTH SAILS Norfolk Veste Homme, acquired in practice and professional career,FENDI FF0343/S Lunettes de soleil Blue Avec Lentilles Blues Argentes 53mm MVU7R FF0343S FF 0343/S; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(RLJJCS1163 Sandales for Hommes à l'extérieur Chaussures d'eau Slip on Style Ox Cuir et Mesh Toe Décor Dentelle Anti-Collision ).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Dr. Martens Hardie(SKTWOE Bottes De Cheville Femmes-ZHAOYUYU Gants d'hiver Femmes Froid). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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Naturino See, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Portrait Chiot Jack Russell Terrier sur Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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