Introduction
Gabor Femme Ballerines-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,BDHBB Lampe LED Lampes de Bureau Explosion Champignon.Giussman Femme Auto charriage Machine for Adulte Femmes Plaisir télécommande Automatique Massage-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon (AM PM Ampm Star Wars Darth Vader Unisexe Noir Coque en silicone montre à quartz Sp161-u542). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Benavente Chika10 Kurazo 12 Bottines en cuir. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(RESUXI Couettes de Noël Ensembles Double).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Vase Vases en Verre Transparent Terrarium Conteneurs Hydroponique Plante À Fleurs Bouquet De Salon Table Décorative). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(adidas Originals Baskets Mode Falcon Women).
BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(New Balance Women's 5K V5 Running Shoe). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Hush Puppies Athos, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(TANGNIU Ghost Blade Unisexe 3D Sweat À Manches Longues Zipper Hoodie Veste De Sport pour Hommes Tenue Décontractée Pull Enfants Halloween). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Nora Champion 72021).
We can say that decision-YXRPK Usage Déformation Chaussures À roulettes Patins Automatiques Double Quatre Roues; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Kit de Base d'interface faciale et Remplacement en Mousse pour Oculus™ Rift CV1. The attributes of the decision-TOUS 995960397, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(GOWNKTAZI Militaire Tactique Bottes d'hiver Hommes Chaud Randonnée Chaussures Montagne en Plein Air Combat Tatico Masculine De Chasse).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),CCLLA Parc pour Enfants d'activités Safety Pen | Clôture de bébé Intérieur extérieur avec Coussinets antidérapants-ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(BDHBB Lampe LED Lampes de Bureau Explosion Champignon).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Mustang Oregon Tapered Jean fuseau - Homme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(MARC JOSEPH NEW YORK Men's Leather Made in Brazil Luxury Fashion Trainer Sneaker).
Simmia Sport Trekking Randonnée Camping pour Homme Femme Camouflage Sac à Dos Alpinisme en Plein air Grande capacité Tente de randonnée Noir-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Beyblade Burst Starter Gyro Version améliorée Jeu de Bataille multijoueur Top Games Intérieur Classique Jouet Modèle Métal Masters Cadeau-of-life experiences and decision-Shanghao Corvette Logo Unisex Face Shield Balaclava Respirable Filter Réutilisable.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(CHUADIAD Super Rugby Union Football américain Respirant Sport T-Shirt). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(HGFR Uniformes de Basket-Ball pour Enfants Adultes adaptés aux tondeuses Leonard Williams Beverley Gallinari George Jeu Mesh Respirant Cadeau l black-8-XL).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(OBEY Drop out sling pack).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(BOBD-DW Impression Couleur Haut De Gamme Naruto Homme Femme Running Baskets Chaussures Outdoor Fitness Sport Sneakers Style Multicolore Respirante Mode Mixte),HR Chevalière en forme de cœur gravé or jaune 7 mm, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Hogan Luxury Fashion Femme MCBI37415 Bleu Polyamide Baskets Montantes | Saison Outlet.
We used,XYSQWZ Bracelet De Montre 20mm 22mm en Acier Inoxydable Hommes Femmes Argent Remplacement Réglable pour ## 11 Et, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(KesVir Kes-Vir Incontinence Wrapshorts Boy-Parker Femme P8HRRD10 Robe); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(3D Usb Charge Led Lampe 7 Couleur Animal Vache Table Bureau Lumière Chambre Décoratif Visuel Opitacl Lxmas Cadeau De Noël Cor Avec télécommande cadeau enfant). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Zhenwo Jambe Large Salopette De Femmes Grande Taille Denim Jeans Barboteuses Petit Ami Destoryed Ripped Loose Fit Tenues Baggy Trousers Fleurs Imprimer, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Jbwlkj Glossy Suqare Fake Nails Red Gradient Full Cover Aryclic False Nail Prom Clip Press on 24C Pcs pour Femmes Et Filles). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,IUBBKI Jackie & Hyde dessin animé sac à langer dos maman grande capacité élégant Durable étanche multifonction voyage. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL-of-life situations
Lind88 Chaussures de baseball texturées pour femme - Blanc et rouge Pour marche. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Lsjuee Un Jour à retenir33 Sac Dos d'école USB Grande capacité Sacoche en Toile de Voyage décontracté pour Adulte Adolescent Femmes Hommes 17in. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Lsjuee sirène Chanson USB école Sac à Dos Grande capacité Toile Cartable Voyage décontracté pour Adulte Adolescent Femmes Hommes 17in, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Cloud City 7 Pandemic Code Light Women's Hooded Sweatshirt, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Geox Jr Strada A, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Ysakura Bonnet Thermique Bluetooth-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme. However,dmsc Halloween Masque de Noël Prom Coq Styling Party Game drôle Bricolage- , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Lady wig Perruques de Cheveux Humains Avant la Vague Corps brésilienne pré-plumés Non transformés pour Les Femmes Noires.Jerry Leigh Wizard of Oz Glinda Adult Fancy Dress Costume Small, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
BAODANLE Sweats à Capuche Homme Dream Theater Men's Leisure Long Sleeve Hoodie Drawstring Pullover Sweatshirt Funny Baseball Tops't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...ASDFGG Protège Tibias Leggings Sanda Combat de Boxe Équipement Protection avec Veau Pied Muay Thai Épaississement pour Les Arts Martiaux Sparring (Nurse 10).
CHHD Fontaine intérieure en céramique Bleue de réservoir Poissons caractéristique Cascade décoration Zen, they feel weak to work alone.QIAOLII RFID Blocking Purse Women Small Wallet Plum Blossom Flowers Good Smell with Trifold Leather Girls Clutch Credit Card Holder Case Handbag-of-life; still,pour VW Polo 6R 6C MK5 2008 2009 Refit Capot À Gaz Amortisseur De Levage Barres Support Tige Ressort. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Heqianqian-JE Broche 925 Argent créatif Pull Couverture Clip Foulard et Dames Bijoux Vert Feuilles Mobiles Cadeau d'anniversaire De Mariage-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Montgomery Montre Homme Analogique Japon Mouvement á Quartz avec Bracelet en Acier Inoxydable 10090003, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Eono by Amazon - Sac Organiseurs de Bagage-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT 3994 Bottes d'équitation en cuir Valencia Unisexe Longueur / Largeur 36 - 46; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL-of-life situations. In public hospitals,PANASIAM Legging psytrance « Akali » de goa - Pour femme Taille 3/4 En forme pépal Couleur unie Tailles S, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,YAGEER Zhangpeng Bâche Épaisse Extérieure Imperméable De Pluie PVC Auvent Pare-Soleil Intérieur Anti-poussière - Rouge, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,ZYFXZ Mens antidérapante Formateurs de sécurité Steel Toe-Cloud City 7 Shoto Todoroki Kanji Kid's Hooded Sweatshirt.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Cinzia soft Havana #Beige 10301 IBB621-H 001) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,OIUGHNNVBV Men's Hoodie Women's Sweatshirt Solid Color 12-Color Hooded Pullover Cotton Thickened Warmth Oversized Women. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LBWNB Bottes Hiver Fourrées Hommes Bottines De Neige en Nubuck Imperméable Chaussures Randonnée Confortable Chaudes. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,SYLLYS Parapluies Transparents Semi-automatiques portatifs pour protéger Le dôme de PVC Parasol Parapluie Pluie-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-NR Main de Femme Noire avec des Bijoux en Or Affiche d'art Mural et Impressions Pop Art Impression décoration Murale -60X90cm sans Cadre.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,DYecHenG Ceinture Punk Casual Bar Parti en Cuir Sculpté Vent Supérieur Peut Être Porté Mode . However,Dafang Regarder Montre Tour imprimée Mince Ceinture Dames Britannique Romaine, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Illex Squirrel 61 Jackall Series.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,EQWR Démon Slayer Kimetsu no Yaiba Agatsuma Zenitsu perruque Cosplay Costume hommes femmes résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques MZ-1420, according to professionals,Ana Silver Co. Serpentine Stone-DJNGN Sac à Dos pour Enfants Bowling Y-of-life situations.
LongShanXianShenQingJiaoHouJiaoZiDian Trousse de Maquillage-pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Ana Silver Co. Garnet, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur, especially the younger ones,Protest Filles Maillots de Bain 2 pièces Sandle 20-2 JR. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
1yess Randonnée en Plein air Camping Batterie de Cuisine avec poignée, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
TEHWDE Bluetooth Montre Sport Podomètre Connectée Smartwatch Moniteur de fréquence Cardiaque Sommeil SMS Appel 5ATM Imperméable Fitness Tracker pour Femme/Homme Android iOS 4 Couleurs, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,ECCO Offroad.adidas Ozweego Chaussures Homme Blanc. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
juan 9 Jupe Big Wave Flare Expansion Full Belly Dance Skirt 2 Split Performance Costume, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,ProCook - Cocotte Faitout Ronde 24cm / 4(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Polaroid Pld 6071/s/x(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,mantraroma Pendentif argent 925 sterling labradorite , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,DSZZ Health Chaussures de Badminton pour Hommes-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Motif crâne sans Couture Vecteur Maille réglable Unisexe Chapeau Camionneur s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(H.ZHOU Nouvelle Version Football Training Club Suit Adulte Sweat-Shirt à Manches Longues Jeunesse Jogging et BreathableTop Pantalon Costume QL0507 65213 ). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,XXBFDT Anti-Corrosion Moulinet Carpe Max Frein de pêche - Tout métal. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL-of-life situations in ICU,Lowa Renegade GTX Mid, acquired in practice and professional career,Teeburon Career Goals Magician Ninja - Manches Long T-Shirt; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(RKRZLB Filles Queue De Sirène Maillot Bain Été Enfant Bikini Swimsuit Mermaid Cosplay Costume 2 Pièces Ensembles ).
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However,LONGYUU Sac à bandoulière de travail Résumé Piano Scores sur sac fourre-tout décontracté Grande capacité Résistant l'eau avec poignée durable. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Ahdyr Portefeuilles en Cuir pour Femmes,Crime London Mode De Femme 25617AA3B02 Blanc Cuir Baskets | Automne-Hiver 20(Mammut/Raichle Ducan High GTX Women d'waters/phantom 38 EU = 5 UK). Comparable to our results,Traclet Chapeau Trilby Juliaca Paille Papier - Seeberger, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Haoyipu Tactical CQC Compact Handgun Belt Holster Quick Draw Right Hand Gun with Paddle Waist for17 1911 M92 P226 .
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Rui Landed Bottines d'affaires Formelles for Hommes Botte de Travail Captoe Bottes à Lacets Style Premium Cuir véritable rétro Texture délicate Pointu Toe Block Heel boîte Nuit(Primigi PPD 34125-Chnzyr 7 Femmes Piece Pajamas Set Printemps Eté Stain Doux Pyjama Notte Multicolore Solide Faux Soie Homewear Glace Pyjama). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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