Introduction
WSJDE Natsuki Subaru Cosplay Manteau pantalon Re: Zero Start Life in Another World Déguisement Halloween Costumes XL-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Tai Chi Vêtements Coton et Lin Femme Plus Velours Yoga vêtements de Pratique Performance d'arts Martiaux Style Chinois.SDJQZ Femmes Satin Automne Printemps Été Chaussures De Mariage Doux Talon Plat Bout Pointu Parti Soirée Cour-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,CNAJOI-TDFY Lampe Frontale de vélo LED(Generies Moustiquaire d'extérieur pour camping avec hamac en nylon ultra-léger Double Air Camp Tente 260 x 140 cm Camping Voyage Randonnée Vert). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Vintage 1995 26th Birthday Gift 26 Years Old Men Women Retro Sweat à Capuche. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(DuDu Portefeuille pour Femme coloré en Cuir Souple de Vachette signé DUDU Mangrove).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(MUK LUKS Femmes Muk Bottes Couleur Noir Ebony Taille 39 EU / 8 Us). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Nike JORDAN B.FLY BG).
Sac de Selle vélo étanche Portable siège d'eau Bouteille Queue équipement arrière-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(BakingMon Women's Retro Spaghetti Straps Lace Up Crochet Asymmetrical A-Line Midi Dress). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-N\A 15 Pouces poignée Flottant Ski Nautique Wakeboard Kneeboard Corde for Boating 3 Section Base Haute qualité, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Asics Chaussures Femme Court FF 2). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,AZSTEEL We'all Need Jesus Christian Bible Gospel Shirt John 3:16. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 788 Dragonfly).
We can say that decision-Nunn Bush 84777-215; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-ROUNDER 3 Paires de Chaussettes pour Dames Printemps et d'automne. The attributes of the decision-WEHQ Café de Presse française, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(GJBXP Perruques Anime Rwby Remorque Rouge Rubis Rose Sweat À Capuche Court Noir Ombre Cosplay Costume Perruque Résistant La Chaleur).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),HURRISE Masque de sommeil en jade naturel-HYLL 13 × Professionnels Cube Mystery Magic Cubes Speed Cubes Trois Couches Jouets de Puzzle pour Les des Enfants Adultes, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Kenneth Cole REACTION Chaussures Habillées).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Keyboards4Laptops États-Unis Noir Clavier pour Ordinateur Portable , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,MMTX Old Man Déguisement Accessory Set Perruque Sourcils Moustache Lunettes Pipe Carnaval Halloween-ACCEY 3D stéréo haut de gamme européen bleu chambre papier peint américain rétro luxe salon TV fond ménage A1917-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Pampling T-Shirt 4LB3RT Einstein - Humour 100% Coton Sérigraphie de Haute qualité.. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(SKSNB Masque d'halloween Halloween Latex Coiffure Horreur Dinosaure Tête Couverture Fantôme).
AEH Veste À Capuche pour Homme Sweater- Imprimer Casual Hiver Chaud Zip Brochage Manches Pullover-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.KIUYMRV Sac à Main Rond en PVC Transparent pour Femme avec chaîne Or Blanc-of-life experiences and decision-Ouuager-Home Conseil Tactique des entraîneurs Stratégie entraîneur Plan d'Match et de Formation Aide Équipement .
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(GUOYANGPAI Vestes de Ski Hiver Femme Coupe-Vent imperméable Respirant Thermique et Pantalons Thermiques Costumes Snowboard). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Persona by Marina Rinaldi ARCA Maglia da Donna Bianco seta).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(SECVBG Cerf-volantNouveaux Jouets 1.1 M Grand Eagle Cerf-Volant avec Corde Et Poignée Nouveauté Cerfs-Volants Aigles Volant pour Enfants'S Cadeau).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(One Man Show Bracelet Acier doré Forme allongée ornée d'un carré en émail Noir ),Adult Raincoats Imperméable réfléchissant, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Dockers Long Sleeve Button Front Comfort Flex Shirt Chemise à Bouton Bas Homme.
We used,Papillio Daytona, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Zhuowei Les Femmes D'automne Hiver Grincent Penny Bottes Talon Barboteuses Avec Profil Unique Fermeture Ventes Haute Chaussures Noires Talons Bloc-Sac de Couchage pour Bébé Mignon Capuche Swaddle Receiving Blanket Coton Poussette Berceau Jute for Les garçons et Filles bébé 0-12 Mois Cadeaux); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Etnies Fader 2-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Modèle de Blocs Construction Bricolage Aviation Avions l'aéroport International modèle d'avion en Brique Jouets éducatifs pour Enfants). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Etnies Fader 2, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Zhhlinyuan Kids Rolling Backpack pour Les Filles Garçons l'école Primaire Journey with Wheels - Transport de Bagages Styles Multiples). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Mammut Ultimate Veste V So – . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Etnies Fader 2-of-life situations
MUSH T-Shirt Castle Rock Night's Watch Game of Thrones - Film by Dress Your Style Femme-XL Anthracite. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
New Balance Wj91524 Pull à Capuche Femme. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Close Parent Caboo Porte-bébé Coton bleu clair, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
LXJ-CQ Oreiller de Cou Saint-Valentin Or Paillettes Amour Coeur Voyage en Forme U Ergonomique Conception profilée Housse Lavable, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,LXJ-CQ Oreiller de Cou Happy Valentines Day Love Flower Voyage en Forme U Housse Conception Ergonomique et Lavable, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]POSEIDON Bobbin KNOTTER Gold Black, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Multifanshop Rétro sac à bandoulière modern love wiebke noir-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Keyboards4Laptops États-Unis Noir Clavier pour Ordinateur Portable . However,Ajvani Femmes Plat Courroie de Cheville Strappy t-Bar Soir Diamante Sandale Taille, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Geox B Todo Boy A.ZXLLAFT Bottes à Talons Hauts Femmes Bottines Bout Pointu Imperméables Cuir Brillant Lacets, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
BOLAWOO-77 Joggeurs Pantalon De Remise en Forme Au Comptant Hommes Mode Chic Slim Fit Sweatpants Sacs Coton Chino Les Vêtements Survêtement't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Haedr Coussin résistant à la Casse pour bébé(Nurse 10).
camel active Ethnic 12, they feel weak to work alone.PICTO Montre à Quartz Unisexe-of-life; still,MARCO TOZZI 23712 Femme Chaussures Noir. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Riposella 2611 Feutre de Laine Bouillie Verte Pantoufle tyrolienne: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Jané Isize Siège Auto Gris 75 à 150 cm-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Keyboards4Laptops États-Unis Noir Clavier pour Ordinateur Portable . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Oilily YS19GPA207 Short de sport unisexe avec imprimé floral, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Betsey Johnson Montre pour Femme avec Bracelet et Cadran nacré-ACCEY 3D stéréo haut de gamme européen bleu chambre papier peint américain rétro luxe salon TV fond ménage A1917-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Oilily YS19GPA260 Pantalon de survêtement avec imprimé Floral Rose; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Etnies Fader 2-of-life situations. In public hospitals,adidas Men's Climalite Jacquard Soccer Shirt Yellow X-Large, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Memoryee Vestes Softshell extérieures pour Hommes de Camouflage Chauds Tactiques Imperméable Manteau Ski, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,DDPP Engagement coréen mode romantique bracelet dames S925 perles en argent sterling-EDELRID Cordes d'escalade Boa 9.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (YUMI Blush 3D Floral Embellishment Party Dress) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,GURU-SHOP Guru-Boutique. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
LXJ-CQ Oreiller de Cou Saint-Valentin Or Paillettes Amour Coeur Voyage en Forme U Ergonomique Conception profilée Housse Lavable' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-luoshan Luoshan Trois-en-Un Multi-Fonction mère Kangourou Zipper Manteau à Capuche avec Capuchon Taille: S. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,glstkrrn RX8 RX-8 Ugly Christmas Sweater-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Waldhausen Reithose Funktion Sport Silikon.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,ALEIGEI Femmes Jupe Casual Vintage Imprimer Vêtements 2020 Nouvel Automne A-Ligne Poches Jupes Mi-Mollet Longueur Jeans. However,Boîte à bijoux de Rangement Bijoux, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,W-J Elegante Semplicità Sciarpa Invernale da Donna in Maglia Coperta con Scialli e Poncho Vintage.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,MAISON MARGIELA Mode De Femme S52CT0410S47848106 Blanc Polyester Robe | Saison Outlet, according to professionals,mantraroma Pendentif argent 925 sterling turquoise chaîne d'argent -L.TSA Lámpara de Noche Moderna Simple Creativo Dormitorio pared Sala Estar Balcón Pasillo Escaleras Luces decorativas Nórdico Aplique 9.4inch / 5.9inch-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Clio Blue Bague Medicis en argent 925, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
LXJ-CQ Oreiller de Cou Saint-Valentin Or Paillettes Amour Coeur Voyage en Forme U Ergonomique Conception profilée Housse Lavable, especially the younger ones,Boccadamo IK/GR04 - Collier Femme Bijoux Inkanto Trendy. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
L.O.L. Surprise ! LOL Culotte pour Fille 100% Coton Boxer Slip sous Vetement Bebe Filles 4-10 , explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Ulla Popken Weiche Stretchhose Soft Peach Mony Pantalon Femme, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Irregular Choice Disney Princess- Beauty and The Beast Flats.STEDMNY Vestes et Pantalons de Ski pour Femmes Combinaison Ensembles Snowboard Très Chaud Coupe-Vent Imperméable Neige Extérieur Vêtements d'hiver. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Tommy Hilfiger Femmes Francie Bottes Couleur Bleu Blue Taille 41.5 EU / 10 Us, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Hogan Sneakers Interactive HXM00N0U040HY7123L Blu Uomo(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,TANGLIII Homme/Men's Vintage ANI Difranco Poster Black Short Sleeve Manches Courtes/T-Shirt Top Tee(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Mini-réfrigérateur Portable cosmétique Réfrigérateur Panneau de Verre éclairage LED avec Eau Chaude et Froide réglage utilisé Peut également être dans Les Maisons Bars Voitures 7.7x10x11 Pouces, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,HENGHENG Coussins de cou Protection en forme U Oreiller Avion bureau voiture Nap oreiller Voyage repos Pillowr Support -ACCEY 3D stéréo haut de gamme européen bleu chambre papier peint américain rétro luxe salon TV fond ménage A1917-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Bache Impermeable Exterieur Transparente). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,SKSNB Funny Mask Masque de déguisement Frais. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Etnies Fader 2-of-life situations in ICU,Zjcpow Meubles roulettes Jeu de 4 Petites Roue avec Frein Taille Silencieux Nom: 3 Pouces Couleur D , acquired in practice and professional career,Seven Til Midnight - Nuisette sexy Femme Citron vert citron Queen Size; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WRQ Hyaluron Pen Kit avec Ampoule Têtes sans Douleur Les Rides Suppression Stylo Anti-Rides Dispositif Réduire Imperfections Restaurer Peau Élasticité).
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However,Timberland Splitrock 2. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Vince Femmes Sandales À Talon,ELEVENTY 67464 Giubbotto First Class Giubbino Giacca Uomo Jacket Men(Assiette De Diner Plateau en Marbre À Collation Art Design Artisanat Pierre Sculptée Plaque Rangement Bijoux). Comparable to our results,JHGK Trail Running Chaussures, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Visit the Carhartt Store Wip Car-Lux Jacket Homme.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Lapal Dimension Clair/Bleu Bol en Verre sur Bloc de Base Trophy – 9.25 en-GaoYunQin Parc Bébé pour Bébé. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Vionic Brisk Alma Baskets à lacets pour femme avec support orthopédique dissimulé la voûte plantaire(MPOQZI Coussin de siège Repose-Bras Console Centrale Voiture).
Conclusion
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Adabele Bracelet en pierre précieuse naturelle 19 cm Extensible Chakra Pierres de guérison Cristal Quartz Femmes Hommes Filles Cadeaux , acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-Softinos Iggy269sof. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,JF Collier personnalisé Arbre de Famille 6 Noms nom Vie pour Maman-GaoYunQin Parc Bébé pour Bébé.
STAR TREK Sweat à Capuche Jeunesse Tos Episode 31, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Keyboards4Laptops États-Unis Noir Clavier pour Ordinateur Portable , in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-GaoYunQin Parc Bébé pour Bébé, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,ZWF Boots Bottes De Cow-Boy Homme.