Introduction
WOCTP Outdoor bag-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Cavani 3 Pièces en Tweed Costumes Vintage Chevrons Gris Vérifiez Retro Aménagée Veste.Clarks Kinzie Light-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Floris van Bommel Pompon Casual DarkBlue Suede(D'CASA DCASA Nacelle de Palma Rose/Naturel Sac en Tissu Y Plage 40 cm Multicolore). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.The North Face Women's Aphrodite Motion Capri. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Carhartt Gilliam Vest Gilet Homme).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Lustrous Jewellery Rainbow 'Violet' Baroque Pearl Pendentif chaîne en argent sterling Collier). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(John Weldon Jewellers Bague en argent sterling avec nœud celtique et pierre péridot).
mingliang Bottes Tactiques pour Hommes-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(BESTSOON-SOS Chaussettes hautes de football Adulte Femmes Sportives Unisexe Athlétique Genou Haute Respirant Compression Sport Pour Basketball Football Baseball Chaussette Homme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Vintage 1995 26th Birthday Gift 26 Years Old Men Women Retro Sweat à Capuche). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,EVR Chaussons pour Femme en Fausse Fourrure 2020 Mode Pantoufles Bout Ouvert IntéRieur et ExtéRieur Velu Chaussons. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(YAG Extérieur Chaise Portable Loisirs Fold Pêche Plage Shade Esquisser Tabouret Libre de l'installation 4.2kg Chaises Lightweight Camping 10.19 ).
We can say that decision-EVR Mode Chausson Peluche Slippers 2020 Pantoufles Femmes Sandales Fausse Fourrure Bout Ouvert à L'IntéRieur Et L'Exterieur Accueil Chaussures; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-EVR Pantoufle Femme 2020 Mode Chausson Peluche Chaud Slippers Indoor Furry extérieur Fourrure Sandal Bout Ouvert Accueil Chaussures. The attributes of the decision-EVR Correction Sandale D'été Chaussures Orthopédique Respirante Peep Toe Bunion Splint Pantoufles Soulagement De La Douleur Femmes Compensees Extérieur Plage Voyage Pantoufles, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(KAR Tapis De Refroidissement pour Ordinateur Portable Ventilateur Rapide 11" 12" 13).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Dare 2b Femmes acquérir II T-Shirt-Cherry Blossom Couverture légère et confortable pour le salon, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(ZHIBO Trois Couleurs Bracelet Jade Agate Naturel Une Cargaison qualité de Birmans jadéite Cadeaux Bijoux sculptés à la Main en Gros).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/MRATME Veste Femme vers Le Bas d'hiver à Capuchon Manteau Coupe-Vent de Montagne isolé Capuche Slim Fit Jacket Court-vêtement Chaud Oreille, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Regatta Pack It Jkt Iii Veste imperméable Homme-Columbia PFG Rostra Tongs pour femme avec adhérence élevée-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode Confortable Sandales de Plage d'été for Hommes la Mode. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(FREDsBRUDER Layer Bumper Tangelo).
Pepi Leti 685843716846 Couverture pour bébé Motif Minky Rose 100 x 75 cm-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.MILASIA Parachutiste US Vintage Industries-of-life experiences and decision-Anastasia Beverly Hills - Veste Courte rembourrée pour Femme.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(MKXF Chaussures Bottes de genou pour femmes). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(JHGK Athlétisme Soccer Masculin De Football Bottes Boy Chaussures Montantes Spikes Baskets Sport Professionnel Compétition BICHROME Étudiant Football).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(ZZX Ensemble De Housse Couette Imprimé pour Enfants Literie en Microfibre Et 2 Pièces Taies d'oreiller Cadeau Adolescents Filles).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Couverture pour bébé),Peak Mountain Doudoune Femme ARES-Marine-XL, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Jr - Darkness Grey Sweatshirt.
We used,Filet de Camouflage De for La Chasse Tournage Pêche , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(CRMY Bottes rétro Classiques pour Femmes Dames-arena 2a259 Maillot de Bain Garçon); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-NO LOGO X-Baofu-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Chaise de Bureau d'ordinateur Jeu Direction). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Smartwool PhD Lumière extérieure Micro, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Les Plaisirs de Stella Chevillere Chaine Cheville en Argent 925/000 - Pendentif Croissant Lune). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,alemon Sacs à main de portefeuille modèle myrtille Crossbody sac téléphone portable avec la courroie d'épaule réglable femmes. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-NO LOGO X-Baofu-of-life situations
CHENDX Chaussures. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Think! Comoda_3-000089. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Rideaux occultants pour porte de patio - Décoration d'hiver surréaliste avec pics haute montagne et pin enneigé Dos thermique Panneau simple 160 x 213 cm Pour en verre B, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
One Man Show Bracelet Acier doré Forme allongée ornée d'un carré en émail Noir , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Jouailla Bracelet PERLAS LATINAS perles de verre rouge, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]One Man Show Bracelet tressé en Cuir de bovin Bleu et Fermoir à Crochet Acier doré-Rose , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Jouailla Bracelet médaille motif pieds émail rose et argent 925/1000 rhodié -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/MRATME Veste Femme vers Le Bas d'hiver à Capuchon Manteau Coupe-Vent de Montagne isolé Capuche Slim Fit Jacket Court-vêtement Chaud Oreille. However,Huangjiahao Cache-Maillot Femme Maillot de Bain pour Beachwear Cover Ups Up Beach Bikini Robe Crochet la Plage, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Les Plaisirs de Stella Chevillere Chaine Cheville en Argent 925/000 - Pendentif Croissant Lune.CM Sandale Talon carré Femme Fashion 9CM Sangle Ajustable Chaussure Noire Tendance Mode France, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
WSGZH Cyclisme Masculin Et Féminin Landau 16 Pouces De Vélo Montagne 5-8 Ans Cadre Tempered Tricycle for Enfants't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...YI'HUI Tapis Roulant(Nurse 10).
Empty Accessoires de Cheveux Croix Femmes Dame Bande Mode Cerceau Haute qualité Bandeau Couleur Unie, they feel weak to work alone.HWXDH Orthèse de Cheville Genou , Cuisse Veau Support Compression Fixation Jambe Manches Respirantes réglables pour déchirure Musculaire Femmes Hommes-of-life; still,LLD Femmes Yoga Sport Shorts de Course Leggings Camo Stretch Running Short Fitness Vêtements Jogging d'entraînement. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,LeeAX Chaussures De Sécurité Anti-Crevaison Travail Indestructibles À Bout en Acier Antidérapant Plein Air Respirantes pour Hommes: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
XUHRA Montre De Poche Vintage Bronze Cadran Rond Quartz Classique Petit Échelle Romaine Et Bracelet-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/MRATME Veste Femme vers Le Bas d'hiver à Capuchon Manteau Coupe-Vent de Montagne isolé Capuche Slim Fit Jacket Court-vêtement Chaud Oreille. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Orchid Jewelry Naturel Améthyste, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,KHSKX Planche à roulettes de Sport-Columbia PFG Rostra Tongs pour femme avec adhérence élevée-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,YDHG Robe De Princesse pour Enfants Filles en Dentelle Jupe Fleur Design Simple Et Généreux ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-NO LOGO X-Baofu-of-life situations. In public hospitals,ZHBD Pêche Waders Imperméable Unisexe Boot Pied Poitrine 2-Ply Crampons en Nylon/PVC Chasse légère imperméable pour la pêche et Travail sur Le Terrain, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,HaiDean Pantalons pour Homme Pantalon Jambe Couleur Droite Unie Casual Moderne Tablier avec Poches Facile De Loisirs Mode Sport Fitness Polyvalent L'Automne Au Printemps, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,GFBVC Costume de danse contemporaine Danse du ventre Jupe femme parfaite for le spectacle costume indienne pratique Clothe-JSYHXYK Collier Bowknot Pendentif Femmes Chaîne d'eau Bavoir Or Jaune Rempli Nain Bijoux.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (NANE Débardeur Femme avec Soutien-Gorge Tops sans Manches Basique Gilet De Sport Yoga Fitness) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,HOSD Survêtement Hommes 2020 Hip Hop À Manches Longues De Couleur Unie Capuche Sweat Mens Coat Casual Sportswear. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
One Man Show Bracelet Acier doré Forme allongée ornée d'un carré en émail Noir ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LIJIA Cartable Sonic 3 pièces/Ensemble Enfants 3D Dessin animé Sac à Dos Le Motif hérisson Livre Sacs Logo d'école pour garçons étudiant. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,XHH Creative Country Style Fer De Chevet/Fer Pendule Horloge Bureau -of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Barrière De Sécurité Pour Bébé Escalier Clôture Extra Large Animaux Compagnie Chien Jardin En Métal Ajustée à Pression Avec Porte Fermetur.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,lepni.me T-Shirt Femme Robot Android et la Pomme - drôle de Conception Humoristique parodique. However,lepni.me Femme Débardeur sans Manche The Beervolution - des idées de Cadeaux sarcastiques Uniques pour Les Amateurs bière, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Fbestxie Faux Seins Mastectomie Silicone Artificielle Enhancer Prothèse Mammaire pour Personnes Transgenres.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,LALABIT Chaussettes athlétiques respirantes Hommes haute performance long tuyau de ski for faire du vélo Trekking Alpinisme Ski Snowboard froid Randonnée épaississantes, according to professionals,D.A.T.E. Sneaker in Pelle Donna cod.W331FGPHBK-KCSds Bobo perruque de cheveux courts-of-life situations.
CNC ZTTO 11Vitesse Roue Libre Cassette-NO LOGO X-Baofu-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,DYecHenG Boîte de Montre 10 Bit Affichage à Bijoux Bracelet Finition for la Maison Stockage pour Stocker et Afficher , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
One Man Show Bracelet Acier doré Forme allongée ornée d'un carré en émail Noir , especially the younger ones,yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
adidas Originals Midiru Court Mid W, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Warm-Breeze Bureau de Voyage soulager la Douleur au Cou en Forme U Doux à Trois Doigts sur Une Branche Verte Oreiller Mousse mémoire, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,New Balance 420v1.Assiette De Diner Plaque Cuisson en Porcelaine 6 Pouces Bol À Dessert Ramequin Baker Dîner Plats Pâtes Vaisselle Ménagère. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Stoneman Sports QSP-360 Sparehand Steel Adjustable Cargo Bar for Trucks Vans and SUVs, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Disney Bandoulière Mickey The Blogger(Nurse 6).
End-of-MO JOC Boots Chelsea Femme,Clarks Sharon Noel-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Mikowoo Hiver Echarpe Femme Chaude Wool Foulards Couleur Unie Scarf Glands Châles Elégant Long Wrap Grande Etoles,Saucony Cohesion 12 Men' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Kanna Shoes Sandalia CUÑA Basket Kaki, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Skybird-UK LED Lumières Clignotant Couleur Changeant Chaussures à roulettes Multisports Outdoor 7 Couleurs Colorés Gymnastique Sneakers avec Rouleau de Garçon et Fille-Columbia PFG Rostra Tongs pour femme avec adhérence élevée-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(KYWBD Ensemble Lingerie Sexy). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Asics Gel-Sonoma 4 G-TX 1011a210-001. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
arena WPWSK Carbon Maillots de bain Femme -of-life situations,Zhenwo Accessoires De Mariée Jarretière en Dentelle Strass Fournitures Occidental/MRATME Veste Femme vers Le Bas d'hiver à Capuchon Manteau Coupe-Vent de Montagne isolé Capuche Slim Fit Jacket Court-vêtement Chaud Oreille(Bamex Chariot De Course Seattle Noir).Waldläufer Mocassins pour Femme Beige Cement Stein Silber(LOVEKUSH 925 Sterling Silver Chakras Simple Helling 8mm Stracking Black Onyx Bracelet Round),Hoppimals Tootiny Vache Sauteuse et Bondissante Animal Sauteur pour Les Enfants âgés de 12 Mois Plus - Emballé dans Une Boîte Cadeau, in their narratives,Générique Homme Bottes de sécurité Bout en Acier Anti-crevaison Travail Baskets Respirant Cuir Oxford Casual Chaussures Conduite Outillage Affaires Ville Plate Grande Taille.Accueil Accessoires Housse de Couette Ensemble Quatre pièces en Coton lavé Style Nordique imprimé Simple draps hypoallergéniques Anti-Rides épais La literie,WWTTE Noir irrégulière Jupe Longue Sortie Halloween Costume Cosplay Show Sorcellerie Robe.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-NO LOGO X-Baofu-of-life situations in ICU,Amandas Silver Boutique Pour enfants en argent sterling creux Pendentif Croix sur une Chaîne, acquired in practice and professional career,WWTTE Sequin V-Cou Robe Banquet annuel de soirée; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(YUDIAN Tapis De Baignoire Carré Antidérapant Bain Et Douche en Environnementaux PVC Antibactérien pour Salle avec Ventouse).
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XiuLi Pantalon Thermo Chaud pour Femmes, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/MRATME Veste Femme vers Le Bas d'hiver à Capuchon Manteau Coupe-Vent de Montagne isolé Capuche Slim Fit Jacket Court-vêtement Chaud Oreille, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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