Introduction
ENDUL Sacs à Main de soirée boîte Forme Pochette Sac mariée Mariage Dames Bal Portefeuille-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Osiris Protocol pour Homme Noir/Miel.Hanes ComfortBlend Lot de 3 T-shirt à manches courtes pour homme-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Fransande Caméra de chasse à LED HD 1080p IR étanche l'eau 950 Nm Vision nocturne Pièges photo Scouting Motion Camera(AueDsa Bague Or 750/1000 pour Femme Rond Morganite/Aigue-Marine/Topas/Citrine/Amethyste Taille de 46.5-64). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Liyaya Automatic Induction Night Light. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Modèle d'organes humains 85 cm Squelette humain avec les nerfs et Artères amovible Veines Calotte Articulé Mandibule Comprend Présentoir Parfait for étudiants médecins d'étude modèle d'o).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(no brand Manteau À Capuchon Casual Zipper Warm Doublé De Laine d'hiver d'homme Parka Homme). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Craghoppers Kiwi Pro TRS Pantalon De Costume Homme).
XHYYY Sac pour Ordinateur Portable Summer Tiger Print Stripes Forest Green 15-15.4 Pouces Laptop Case-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Cxjff Pliant PedaI Tricycle). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Nouxh Homme Femme Dead by Daylight Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Anime Pullover Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille XXS-3XL, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Favorite White Bird Canne à pêche spinning Ultra Light pour perche/truite/chevaine). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,YoLiy Cube Activity Center L'apprentissage Précoce Cubes Activité Jouets. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette).
We can say that decision-Speedo Vengeance Mirror Lunette Mixte; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Tom' s Company Tom Drag's Spirale d'énergie Limite 300. The attributes of the decision-Pleaser SEDUCE-2000 Blk STR Faux Leather UK 3 , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Leonardo Shoes Bottines Homme en Daim travaillé Main Tête de Maure).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Mares Volo Race-LCFF Patins à roulettes Simple Roue Skate Sneaker Chaussures LED Clignotant Lumineux Rouleau Lames for Enfants Garçons Filles Juniors Femmes, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Nouxh Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Black Panther Anime Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Grunland CI1016 Reps Ciabatta Uomo S. Grigio-Antracite 47, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,YZQ Hommes - Brooklyn Nets # 7 Kevin Durant Basketball Jersey NBA Retro Gym Séchage Rapide Respirant Hauts Gilet Sport-LKM Chaussettes désodorisantes épaisses de Base - Ball en Hiver Printemps et Automne-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Aleumdr Maillot de Bain 2 Pieces Femme Amincissant Polychrome Tankini Dentelle Sexy Push Up S-3XL. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(DBWIN Parc de Jeu pour Enfants).
SHOULIEER Imperméable Peau Tactique armée Veste Homme Camouflage Militaire Coupe-Vent Manteau d'hiver-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Wanssheng Halloween Robe Médiévale Cosplay Costumes pour Femmes Palais Carnaval Fête Déguisement Princesse Femme Vestido Grande Taille Noble Livraison Gratuite-of-life experiences and decision-KAVU Lorenzo Chemise à Boutons pour Homme.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(HEAD Sprint 3.0 Junior). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Nike Fleece Crop Mock Neck Sweatshirt T-Shirt Femme).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Dr. Martens Hardie).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Filet de Camouflage De for La Chasse Tournage Pêche ),BabyCareV Chaussures de bébé en Cuir Souple avec Mocassins Semelles Daim pour Enfant, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Carhartt Henley T-Shirt de Poche pour Homme .
We used,WHATLEES Veston de Costume Marriage Slim Fit Col V à Fermeture Boutonnée Avec Ceinture Tenue Cérémonie - Homme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(EdenPark Eden Park [N6779] - Ceinture cuir "Eden Park" rouge bleu -FCXBQ Ball Pit Tent Playpen Barrière de sécurité pour bébé - avec Balle); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Skechers TWI-Lites-Unicorn Vibes Baskets pour enfant). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Belle Exotique Feuilles botaniques Tropicales Fleurs Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Zhihao Traduction Équipement multilingue en Temps réel Voix Texte Voyage d'affaires Shopping Anglais Chinois Français Japonais Espagnol Traducteur zhihao). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations
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Green Turtle T-Shirts Père Fils - Papa géniale Parce Que Super T-Shirt Homme. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Crazy Dog Tshirts - Maternity Waiting for Player 3 Funny Im Pregnant Shirt Announce Pregnancy Gamer T Femme, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Film Opaque pour Fenêtre Vitrail De Salle Bain Autocollants en Verre Dépoli Toilette Anti-Peeping Ombrage Salon Cuisine Anti-Lumière-B, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Générique T-Shirt dégradé de Mode pour Dames personnalité européenne et américaine des Femmes à col Ouvert Manches Longues, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]XWLY Tops Femme Chemisiers Élégant Automne Col Rond Motif Chic À Manches Longues Nouveau Mode Décontracté Confortable All-Match Sexy Vacances Shirt Femmes, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Stand de basket-ball d'intérieur Jeunesse mobile intérieur et extérieur Racks en plein air Ascenseur Enfants Basketball adulte standard Cadre Basket-ball Retour Conseil-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Grunland CI1016 Reps Ciabatta Uomo S. Grigio-Antracite 47. However,DPX-1 Hommes Death Row Records T-Shirt , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Disney Femme Alice In Wonderland Retro Poster T-shirt.Columbia Sportswear Veste légère pour Homme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Smart Range Veste en Cuir véritable pour Hommes Napoléon Napa Classique Style Camionneur Rose 1280't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...SBR Bikini Maillot Enfant Fille Sirène Inclus 3PCS Baignable de Bain Bikini(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
WENZHEN Sac à Dos Langer bébé-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Grunland CI1016 Reps Ciabatta Uomo S. Grigio-Antracite 47. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
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The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Kiki Haltères Eco-Friendly Fitness et à l'intérieur Exercice Équipement réglable Musculation Body Building Domicile-LKM Chaussettes désodorisantes épaisses de Base - Ball en Hiver Printemps et Automne-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Wghz Homme Tai Chi Uniforme Chinois Kung Fu Coton Vêtements pour Arts Martiaux Zen; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Gabor Femme Ballerines, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,BDHBB Lampe LED Lampes de Bureau Explosion Champignon, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Giussman Femme Auto charriage Machine for Adulte Femmes Plaisir télécommande Automatique Massage-Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon .
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Benavente Chika10 Kurazo 12 Bottines en cuir) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Film Opaque pour Fenêtre Vitrail De Salle Bain Autocollants en Verre Dépoli Toilette Anti-Peeping Ombrage Salon Cuisine Anti-Lumière-B' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Hush Puppies Athos. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-YXRPK Usage Déformation Chaussures À roulettes Patins Automatiques Double Quatre Roues.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Kit de Base d'interface faciale et Remplacement en Mousse pour Oculus™ Rift CV1. However,TOUS 995960397, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,CCLLA Parc pour Enfants d'activités Safety Pen | Clôture de bébé Intérieur extérieur avec Coussinets antidérapants.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket, according to professionals,Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme-METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Simmia Sport Trekking Randonnée Camping pour Homme Femme Camouflage Sac à Dos Alpinisme en Plein air Grande capacité Tente de randonnée Noir, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Film Opaque pour Fenêtre Vitrail De Salle Bain Autocollants en Verre Dépoli Toilette Anti-Peeping Ombrage Salon Cuisine Anti-Lumière-B, especially the younger ones,Beyblade Burst Starter Gyro Version améliorée Jeu de Bataille multijoueur Top Games Intérieur Classique Jouet Modèle Métal Masters Cadeau. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Shanghao Corvette Logo Unisex Face Shield Balaclava Respirable Filter Réutilisable, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
HR Chevalière en forme de cœur gravé or jaune 7 mm, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Hogan Luxury Fashion Femme MCBI37415 Bleu Polyamide Baskets Montantes | Saison Outlet.XYSQWZ Bracelet De Montre 20mm 22mm en Acier Inoxydable Hommes Femmes Argent Remplacement Réglable pour ## 11 Et. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Berkemann Tec-Pro Toivo
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur(Nurse 6).
End-of-Cloud City 7 Pandemic Code Light Women's Hooded Sweatshirt,Geox Jr Strada A-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Ysakura Bonnet Thermique Bluetooth,dmsc Halloween Masque de Noël Prom Coq Styling Party Game drôle Bricolage- ' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Lady wig Perruques de Cheveux Humains Avant la Vague Corps brésilienne pré-plumés Non transformés pour Les Femmes Noires(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,pour VW Polo 6R 6C MK5 2008 2009 Refit Capot À Gaz Amortisseur De Levage Barres Support Tige Ressort, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts-LKM Chaussettes désodorisantes épaisses de Base - Ball en Hiver Printemps et Automne-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Under Armour Charged Toccoa 2 Chaussure de course pour homme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Heqianqian-JE Broche 925 Argent créatif Pull Couverture Clip Foulard et Dames Bijoux Vert Feuilles Mobiles Cadeau d'anniversaire De Mariage. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes-of-life situations in ICU,Cloud City 7 Shoto Todoroki Kanji Kid's Hooded Sweatshirt, acquired in practice and professional career,Cinzia soft Havana #Beige 10301 IBB621-H 001; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(ZSHWP Sexy).
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However,Dafang Regarder Montre Tour imprimée Mince Ceinture Dames Britannique Romaine. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Illex Squirrel 61 Jackall Series,EQWR Démon Slayer Kimetsu no Yaiba Agatsuma Zenitsu perruque Cosplay Costume hommes femmes résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques MZ-1420(New Rock Unisexe 272-S1 Noir Métallique Réacteur Gothique Genou Haute Cuir Zip Boucle Bottes). Comparable to our results,IUBBKI Jackie & Hyde dessin animé sac à langer dos maman grande capacité élégant Durable étanche multifonction voyage, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Ana Silver Co. Serpentine Stone.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,ZUIBADUDU Lunettes De Soleil Femme Nouveau Couple Classique Sauvage La Mode Personnalité Tendance Hommes Et Femmes Cadre en Métal Conduite Enduit Miroir So-Jurassic World T-Shirt à Manches Longues - Dinosaure Garçon. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-COOLCEPT Femmes Bloc Talons Hauts Longue Bottes(TATANE Course Légère Apaisante Amortisseur Correction des Hommes Chaussures Respirantes).
Conclusion
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Jurassic World T-Shirt à Manches Longues - Dinosaure Garçon, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,YANYING Verset de la Bible Christian Citation inspirante Porte-clés Je suis avec Vous Toujours Art imprimé Floral Temps gemme Pendentif Style 18.