Introduction
MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Voiture-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Zhrill Tapered Pantalon de survêtement pour femme Coupe ajustée.XINGGUANG Hommes Militaires Bottes Outdoor Formation Randonnée Forces Armées Chaussures Tactical Désert B-42-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,DDT 6 en 1Professionnel Eau Hydrogène Oxygène Beauté Machine Hydro Dermabrasion Multifonctionnel Visage Peau Soins Profond Nettoyage Exfoliant du Équipement Petit Bulle Dispositif(New Rock Unisexe 272-S1 Noir Métallique Réacteur Gothique Genou Haute Cuir Zip Boucle Bottes). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Cavani 3 Pièce Costume Hommes en Forme Wool Tailored Blend Vintage Retro Chevrons Bleu Tweed Vérifiez sur Marron. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(YLYT Lampe Starry Sky Night Light Enfants Nuit).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Liuyang Vestes pour Hommes Double Couronne Union SoviéTique Cccpcommunism Manteau LâChe Respirant Anti Rides Boulochage Mode Trench à Capuche Unisexe). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Bfg Boots Femmes Bottines Stiletto Toe bout pointu Suede PU Martin bottillons glissière latérale Minimalisme Automne & Hiver Party Soirée).
Geox D Thymar F-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Prana prAna, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Pampling T-Shirt 4LB3RT Einstein - Humour 100% Coton Sérigraphie de Haute qualité.). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Under Armour Chandail À Capuchon Rivales Fz Hauts à Manches Longues Homme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(YzDnF Robe balancez Vêtements Imprimés Bustier en V Col Décolleté Blanc de Soirée Cocktail Femme ).
We can say that decision-LIUJUN LIUJUN-WEI Chaussures de Football for garçons et Filles Homme Crampons Professionnel Spike Chaussure ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Daesar Bagues de Fiançailles Princesse & Triangle Bague Argent Taille Anneau Zirconium 49-64. The attributes of the decision-Daesar Bague Promesse Argent Femme Personnaliser Anneau de Coeur Rond Blanc Zirconium Taille 49-64, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Ericcay Literie Édredon Ensemble De Quatre Casual Chic Pièces En Coton Lavé Doublé Textile À La Maison Simple Pouvant Rendre Balle Pas Exquise Douce Confortable).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Mizuno Chaussures de baseball à crampons pour homme 9 Dominant IC Low Metal-Casque Activ 2 – Casque de vélo, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(XYDDP Boîte de Montre en Cuir , Présentoir/Coffret/Boîte Rangement pour Montres à Bijoux Collection Bracelets 3 grilles présentation).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Prana Summit Pant - Regular Inseam Pantalon Couture intérieure Standard Femme, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,kentucky Bandes de Repos Repellent Bleu-ShouerBack Sac à Dos en Cuir Souple Petit Femmes Noir Loisirs Bagpack Femme Back Pack Lumière Black-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,KesVir Kes-Vir Incontinence Wrapshorts Boy. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Robelli 48 x Nez Rouge Jour Halloween Clown Cirque Mousse Déguisement nez).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Fyx Nuisette Pyjama Femme Bretelle Sexy Robe de Soiree Longue 2020 sans Manche Lingerie Court Vêtement Nuit Dos Nus). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(FREEGUN Boxer Homme Disney Mickey Mouse).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(BINLUN Bracelets de Montres en Acier Inoxydable 18mm 20mm 22mm 24mm 26mm Bracelet Montre Remplacement Dégagement Rapide pour Homme et Femme avec 6 Couleurs - Or).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Maxim Creation Dubai Fustan Abaya Jellebiya Hand Embroidered Daraat Lebssa Jabodar Maxi Dress 6420),Tosca Blu Ankle Boot Kiruna, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Jack Wolfskin Bondi Notebook Sac A Dos Daypacks Mixte.
We used,Roue de Frein sécurité légère et Pratique 4 Roues pivotantes rétractables Extra-Robustes, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(WFQGZ Chaussures De Sport pour Hommes Plates Coréennes Marée-Canne à Pêche réglable Set Rod Lancer et pêche sur la Glace Roue de crevettes avec Imitation Bois poignée Peche Cannes télescopiques); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Tapis pour enfants Mat Mosaic velours suède Puzzle en mousse Chambre pleine Boutique Accueil Trésor Crawling Can Mix Colorimétrie Pad Couleur: Rose Rouge Taille:). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.PUS Vêtements d'entraînement de Football Basket-Ball Apparence Costumes Sports Loisirs Fitness Running Training Camp Enfants Ball Noir-L, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(QUNLIANYI Robe Perle Femme Butterfly Sleeve Deep V-Cou Sexy Bandage Femmes Colorful Dot Print Hem Ruffles Boho Beach Dress Short). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Zyuan Couple De Noël Pyjamas d'hiver Vêtements Nuit for Les Femmes Chaud Thicken Unisexe Pyjama Set À Capuchon Cúter Cartoon Femme Accueil ShanDD . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour -of-life situations
Clarks Sandales Sillian2.0 Joy pour Femmes. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
HIGHKAS Salon Et Chambre À Coucher De Tapis Style Nordique. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Mammut Bota Ducan High GTX, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Clarks Kaylin 60 Sling, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,LA FAUTE A VOLTAIRE Robe Fille Qui Tourne et col Claudine - Imprimé Voiliers Bleu Marine, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Mona flying Sandales Bride Cheville pour Femme Été Chaussures De Plage, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;CTDMMJ Lolita Chaussures pour Femmes Wild Cosplay Printemps Automne Tous Les Jours Robe Douce Croix-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Prana Summit Pant - Regular Inseam Pantalon Couture intérieure Standard Femme. However,Jamkf Sandales d'été Hommes Tendance Sandalettes Casual Doux Bas antidérapants résistant à l'usure des intérieur et extérieur Double Usage Talon Chaussons avec Coussin d'air, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Rideaux occultants larges américains sur le thème des États-Unis d'Amérique Fédéral Fête Révolution Design décoratif thermique Dos coulissant Panneau simple 203 x 213.LJMHG Shorts Summer Denim Women High Waist Jean Female Loose Hole Jeans with Pockets Casual Plus Size S-6Xl L Blue, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Bewinch Moustiquaire pour lit't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...NKJGFV Plus Size Hommes Outdoor Steel Toe Protection Chaussures de sécurité Respirante Acier Mid Sole Puncture Bottes épreuve Travail(Nurse 10).
HEDDK Nouveaux Enfants Patins À roulettes Chaussures Qualité Mode Patin Roues Alignées Taille Réglable Junior Patinage, they feel weak to work alone.Ameli Tapis de yoga pliable 6 mm d'épaisseur antidérapant doux et léger pour Pilates fitness Plantes houx en pin blanc-of-life; still,Li Long Longue River Valley. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Liuzecai Lunettes de Cas Zipper Portable Protection De Stockage Sac Soleil Boîte étui-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Prana Summit Pant - Regular Inseam Pantalon Couture intérieure Standard Femme. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
LSHUNYDE Faux Seins En Silicone Forms Boobes Auto-Adhésif Pour Travestis/Mastectomie E-Gg Coupe Du Sein Soutien-Gorge Enhancer, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Autoradio 9" IPS HD Écran Tactile Pour Nissan NAVARA Frontier NP300 2011-2020 GSP Navigation De Voiture Stéréo Avec Double Internet Tethering-ShouerBack Sac à Dos en Cuir Souple Petit Femmes Noir Loisirs Bagpack Femme Back Pack Lumière Black-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,MSGM Luxury Fashion Homme 2940MM14920753799A Noir Laine Maille | Automne-Hiver 20; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour -of-life situations. In public hospitals,WYFX Smart Fingerprint Wallet, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,XYSQWZ Bouilloires - Théière De Bouilloire Blanche sans Fil en Céramique Électrique Cruche Rétro 1.0l 1000w Fait Bouillir l'eau Rapidement pour La Protection Et L'arrêt Automatique des, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,LXZSP Horloge Murale de nichoir-TYWZJ Miroir de Maquillage Double Face grossissement 5X et cosmétique à lumière LED Normale pivotant 360 ° pour Coiffeuse Salle Bain 6 Pouces.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Naturino Karrie Baskets hautes en tissu léopard) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Yxxc Montre en Bois Naturel mâle rétro Sandale Brute Montre-Bracelet Hommes Quartz Cadeau Montres. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Clarks Kaylin 60 Sling' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-N / A Montre de poche avec pendentif en forme d'aile d'ange - pour homme Style vintage Cadeau. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,LDH Étendu sur Le Genou Doudoune Femme-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Haltère Long en Caoutchouc METIS [10kg-30kg] | Barre de Musculation Monobloc avec Poignée Ergonomique Matériel Fitness pour Homme et Femme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,SALOMON Shoes Ultra/Pro Hawaiian. However,Sac de Couchage en Duvet, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Skechers D'Lites 2.0 - Sandales à bout ouvert pour femme Bianco Wht.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Skechers Womens Sneaker Beige, according to professionals,DC Shoes - Chaussures Magnolia TX Lowtop pour Femme-bpblgf Compteur d'eau Rechargeable Nano PulvéRisateur Visage Dispositif Portable éTuvage-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,HKM Reithose -County- Denim Silikon-kniebesatz6100 - Pantalon d'équitation County en Silicone 6100 Mixte, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Clarks Kaylin 60 Sling, especially the younger ones,Racoon Pantalon imperméable Bébé garçon. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
POC Essential Road Wind, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
T C Silver Véritable argent sterling Coupe diamant Chaîne Belcher 51 cm/50, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Superga Baskets 2730 Cotu Femme.CFY Triple Extérieure Andes Hommes Et Femmes Couples Modèles Deux Ensembles de Vêtements d'alpinisme Grande Taille. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Noppies Skinny Jeans Femme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Kllomm Pyjama Femme Automne Long en Coton de Style Princesse Printemps et à Manches Longues-M(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,The North Face Trail Escape Edge Homme(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Barrière de lit Rail for Enfants en Bas âge, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Story of life Pointu Bottillons Affaires Martin Bottes En Cuir Véritable Boucle Chevalier Tendance Chaussures Montantes Pour Hommes-ShouerBack Sac à Dos en Cuir Souple Petit Femmes Noir Loisirs Bagpack Femme Back Pack Lumière Black-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(NoBrand Automne et Hiver Mens Costume Casual Jeune Mode Fit Blazer). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,ZZSQ 4 en 1 Aluminium LED Beauté Trolley Maquillage Cosmétique Sac Vanity Case Coiffure Nail Art Salon Box. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-GonFan Veste réfléchissante Casual Hiphop Coupe-Vent Nuit Manteau de Sport à Capuchon Fluorescent Vêtements Allumez Le Costume scène Lumineux Outwear pour -of-life situations in ICU,adidas Classic Pull pour garçon, acquired in practice and professional career,Nike Joyride Env Ispa; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(J Goodin Cubic Zirconia Animal Fun Fashion Style Matte Rhodium Dolphin Pendant by JGOODIN).
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However,Little Mistress Lillian Robe longue en dentelle avec trou de serrure. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,wosnyy Chapeau Femme Mode Sauvage Automne et Hiver de Bourgeon Chaud Motif Chanvre béret marée,WANGXN Mammaires en Silicone Fausse Ceinture Réglable Poitrine Crossdresser Buste Enhancer Ladyboy(adidas Stabil Bounce). Comparable to our results,Jeweloporium Naturel Afghani Cuivre Lapis Gemme Femmes Bijoux Solide 925 Sterling Argent Pendentif, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Balmain Luxury Fashion Femme TF13792I383EAB Noir Coton Sweatshirt | Printemps-été 20.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Lady Dwiza Pyjama en Soie pour Homme Motif Banarasi Vert(DSHUJC Fitness Barre Horizontale réglable Équipement de Traction intérieur Multifonctionnel Barres parallèles Articles Sport-M-Y-L Sac à DosSac Dos Multi-Usage pour Hommes en Toile 15). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Orus bijoux Bague Argent Divine Seth Quartz fumé - Femme-QIAOLII Signe de la paix Fleurs Papillons Plumes Hippy Ladys Sacs à main Sac voyage Fourre-tout Grande capacité Imprimé fourre-tout nuit avec fermeture éclair sur le dessus. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-CFR Combinaison de yoga sans manches avec dos nu pour femme(Blaklader 158518115389C54 Pantalon de travail stretch haute visibilité Orange/bleu marine Taille C54).
Conclusion
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