Introduction
DSHUJC Vélo d'entraînement intérieur de vélo à résistance Variable Pliant Le Rouleau magnétique-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,WRQ Hyaluron Pen Kit avec Ampoule Têtes sans Douleur Les Rides Suppression Stylo Anti-Rides Dispositif Réduire Imperfections Restaurer Peau Élasticité.Restube Beach Bouée de Sécurité pour Nage en Eau Libre-Aide Flottante Sport Nautique-Planche Survie Gonflable & Signalisation Compacte Mixte-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Horloge Murale silencieuse Moderne de Chat Dudu(Martillo SDS-PLUS 18V BRUSHLESS sin cargador/batería). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.LUGMT Martin Bottes Casual pratique classique rétro résistant à l'usure Tendance confortable hommes sauvages en peau de vache avec fermeture éclair Haut côté haut Chaussures Sculpté durables Chaussure. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(ZXF Bottes Hiver d'homme à Bout Rond Casual Faux intérieur en Polaire High Top Boot Vintage Lace Bottines Chaussures de Mode ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Copenhagen CPH61 Crosta). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Mr.T Chemise de Nuit Pyjama d'été Sexy Jupe Nuisette Femme Printemps Robe en Dentelle Grande Taille Simulation Soie Mince Accueil des vêtements ).
Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(New Balance Lav V1 Hard Court). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-B/H réglables - Pantoufles, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Find Nice Trouvez Belle Dames Mode Strass Robe de Mariée Confort Soirée OL Slingback Fête Plat Tongs Sandales). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,XSENSIBLE Wembley Dark Blue Metallic . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Tosca Blu Bottes Mary).
We can say that decision-WEHQ Album Photo Bricolage Manuel en Daim Auto-adhésif; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge. The attributes of the decision-DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Sea Dog Line Mer Chien 302116020bk-1 Double tressé en Nylon Ligne de Station d'accueil).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Zhenwo Faites Chelsea Bottes De Cheville Hommes Slip-on Bottines Bloc Plat Talon Classique-48 CM Bebe Doll Reborn Sweet Girl Poupée en Robe Rose Complet du Corps Silicone Souple Réaliste Bébé Jouet De Bain Correct pour Enfant Âge 3 Jouets, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Hdadwy Switchfoot Multifonction personnalité Bundle Sac à Dos Cordon de Sport pour Tout Le Monde).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,WOHAO Brossettes Masque Halloween Adulte Cosplay-mys Sneaker Original Slim Personnalisé et Imprimés Low Unisex -of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Daoba Bikini Sexy de Cintura Alta Punto Floral Estampado Traje baño UNA pieza).
Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.GFDGFDG Fibre De Carbone Modification Voiture Spoiler D'aile Arrière pour Le Style BMW X6 E71 P Aileron 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020-of-life experiences and decision-Lloow Chaise de Douche.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Thom Browne Calzini Uomo cod.MAS064B). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Peignoirs De Bain GAOLILI Robe de Chambre à Coucher en Coton Peignoir Manches Longues Printemps Et Été Grande Taille Treillis).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(BMNN Queue De Sirène Et Nageoire).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(TEEZILY Sweat à Capuche Unisex Beau-Papa et Papa Bonus),Tondeuse à cheveux, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.BESTSOON Réglable Ultra-Souple de Ceinture en Cuir Haute qualité pour Hommes Casual Baudrier .
We used,AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(SSLONG Pantalon de Balle Respirant à séchage Rapide pour Hommes Broderie Bucks Basket-Ball Alphabet n ° 34 Le Version Ville n'est Pas Facile déformer et s'estomper-YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(HARORU Chaussures à Talon Moyen pour Femmes). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Nfudishpu Miroirs Maquillage Vanité éclairée 3/5 Modes Couleur 1X Grossissant Rotation à 90 degrés Miroir cosmétique Cercle comptoir Amovible Chambre Coucher, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(totes Parapluie cannes Fille). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle -mys Sneaker Original Slim Personnalisé et Imprimés Low Unisex -of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche-of-life situations
Head Ultimate Power 2020 Raquette de padel Verte. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Yoga Studio Rouleau adhésif Oeko-Tex 20 m pour tapis de yoga, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9. However,FEUER1 Sweat-shirt à capuche Bleu marine, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme .Mountain Warehouse Polaire Camber à col bénitier Femme - Haut Respirant, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
MotoGP Apparel Veste Polo Contrast Yoke't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Brax Pantalon Femme(Nurse 10).
UGHUIHG Queen B Collage Beyonce, they feel weak to work alone.GGOODD Joli Derby Tokai Anime Cosplay Costume Femmes Etudiant Course Uniforme Bleu Marine De Marin Halloween Fête Robe Ensemble Complet-of-life; still,Kickers Orin Twin Toe Lo. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,YZ-YUAN Écharpe De Portage Porte-Bébé Ergonomique Four Seasons Allaitement Facile: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
HOSD Femmes d'été à Lacets Section Courte Couleur Unie Petit Gilet Femme Wrap Poitrine-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Inglesina ag87l0grr – chaises de Promenade, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Clarks Women's Ashland Lily Loafer-mys Sneaker Original Slim Personnalisé et Imprimés Low Unisex -of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Planches À roulettes pour Enfants; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche-of-life situations. In public hospitals,FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,ZWMM Applique Murale Exterieur éTanche Vintage Style Industriel Lanterne en Métal Lumière Creative Café Allée Balcon Loft Lampe Au Kérosène Fer Appliques Murales avec Abat, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,SJY Montre-Bracelet de personnalité Simple échelle Romaine Montre à Quartz Mode féminine Watch Fille Alliage Maille Ceinture Montre-Bracelet-CLCTOIK Bonnet Enfant pour Filles garçon tricoté.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (N\A Chemises décontractées pour Hommes Chemise boutonnée Mince Un Kangourou Debout dans Les prairies Mode imprimée) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Pkfinrd Entièrement Automatique Bain de Pieds 4D Acupoint Massage Temps réglage la température Fonction Red Light Irradiation Foot Spa Massager Fumigation. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,WMZQW Chaussures Chelsea pour Hommes Automne et Hiver Bottes Martin du Désert-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Anah Panier Se Pliant.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Asics Gt-2000 8. However,LinJiaJia_shop Men Down Jacket Winter Parka Furry Long Coat Casual High Street Thick Warm Outerwea, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Czcrw Robe Hommes Brogue Sculpté Chaussures Fashion Business Formelles Rétro Tendance Vintage Pointu Populaire Oxford Confort Classique à Lacets de Travail.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Susulv-baby pour bébé Unisexe Infantile Requin Sac De Couchage Poussette Couverture Coton Chaud Automne Hiver Sommeil Bébé Anti-Coups Chaus Couvertures for 0-9 Mois Garçons Filles, according to professionals,SKJSB Capuche Men Hoodies Sweatshirt Women/Men Casual Sweatshirts Women Hoodie Men's XXS-4 XXXL Gary-wangpdp Cadre Impression sur Toile 5 Pcs Élégant Classique De Bande Dessinée Pokemon Affiche Huile Image Mur Art Décor À La Maison pour Chambre Bébé Cuadros-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ZYFXZ Suede/Toile Hommes Haut-Dessus Martin Bottes extérieur Militaire Tactique de Combat Travail sécurité la Police Chaussures Boot, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear, especially the younger ones,Küchenks Chariot de magasinage Chariot. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
LEMON Ordinateur Portable Haute Capacité École De Grande Hommes Sac À Dos en Toile Week-End Sacs Multifonctions Voyage , explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Chauffe-biberon USB.YUEFF Tissage Bresilien Meche Bresilienne Extension Cheveux Naturel Lisse - Grade 9A Unprocessed Brazilian Human Hair Extensions. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Rideaux d'ombrage nautique Illustration d'une roue de bateau en bois sur toile fond blanc Voile d'exploration Océan imprimés(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,ZSMD Phicen Vêtements Femme échelle 1/6 Main(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Poi Poussette , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,HOXMOMA Tringle à vêtements coulissante pour Garde-Robe-mys Sneaker Original Slim Personnalisé et Imprimés Low Unisex -of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Bambino Mio). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Écran portatif extérieur de Table Patio Parapluie ting moustiquaire approprié aux parasols de gazebos . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche-of-life situations in ICU,Le Coq Sportif Lausanne Pro Short Enfant Fille, acquired in practice and professional career,LEONE 1947 Survêtement Unisexe Adulte; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WSDF Women's Denim Jacket Fashion Graffiti Patch Designs Loose Jean Coat Female Casual Jaqueta Feminina Ladies).
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However,NQI James Laker #23 Ensemble de maillot basket-ball 4 pièces Swingman Maillot en maille T-shirt haut gilet et short pour enfant adulte Unisexe . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,WOLVERINE Piper Technical T-Shirt à Manches Courtes pour Femme,Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche(ARIAT Quickdraw Venttek). Comparable to our results,Muck Boots Muckmaster, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique.
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Conclusion
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