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Introduction
U.S. Marines USMC-1363 Couteau de Poche pour Adulte Multicolore M-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Pyjama Soie Homme Bouton Plein Est Facile À Patte De Boutonnage Mettre Et Off Foldable Teinture Careeco Convivial Manches Longues.Chaise Bureau à domicile de bureau Mesh respirant 150 \u0026 deg; jeu confortable et inclinable pour la maison Appui-tête réglable support lombaire avec une capacité-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Pediconfort sans-gêne Largeur Confort aérosemelle - Femme(Living Kitzbühel Slip-on Mit Fellborte). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(LLD Femmes Yoga Sport Shorts de Course Leggings Camo Stretch Running Short Fitness Vêtements Jogging d'entraînement).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Dale of Norway - Pull pour Homme Magnus UC). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(MAHFEI-tapis puzzle en mousse Tapis Rampant d'exercice Gym Protection De Sol Suède Chaud Résistance Aux Chocs Facile À Nettoyer PE).
Gorteks Soutien-gorge doux Bianka/B2 – Superbe sous-vêtement pour femme-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Nologo GEMORE Han Filles de vêtements Chinois Vent Costume Tailleur Jupe Veste for Les Enfants 1 Robe Princesse bébé brodé 29158-1 ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(AWYJ Balles de bébé). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Columbia WAYFINDER FLIP Sandales de sport pour homme).
We can say that decision-THDB Maillot de football américain en plein air Vêtements rugby Wentz Eagles NO.11 Noir; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-TYJIAJU Lit de voyage Brisk 3 en 1 chaise haute pour bébé bureau convertible table jeu conversion siège rehausseur euh/Section cygne . The attributes of the decision-LXZ Butler 2020# 22 Chaleur Finale de Basket-Ball Jersey, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Original Penguin Short Sleeve Colorblock Polo Homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),AWJ Barre d'appui de Douche-FACAIA Couronnes de Noël, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Asics Serrano Onitsuka Tiger Chaussures pour Hommes).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,CYYMY Hula Hoop-Reborn Baby Dolls-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Philipp Plein Jean Super Straight Stretch. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Carhartt Henley T-Shirt de Poche pour Homme ).
MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Horypt Baignoire Portable ， Kit de Seau Pliable trempage autoportante Facile à Installer-of-life experiences and decision-CEL Marcheur # 8 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Survêtements Pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pull À Capuche Manche Longue Manteau Avec Poche Kangourou.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Zhuowei Automne et l'hiver des bottes à talons Cuisse chaudes). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(CURVEASSIST Maillots De Basket-Ball Atlanta Hawks # 44 Pete Maravich Dragon Brodé D'été pour Hommes Vêtements Sport à Séchage Rapide).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(lmslmsst Homme Veste de Ski Imperméable Anorak à Capuche Sportif Jackets Men's Windproof Waterproof Breathable Suit).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(FACAIA Couronnes de Noël),hjkg Casquette Bombardier，Unisexe Chapeau D'Hiver Bleu Couple Épaissir En Peluche Chaud Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Plein Air Extérieur Coupe-Vent Respirant Détachable Cyclisme Hommes Femmes, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.SILOLA Kits Peinture par numéros Kit à l'huile Bricolage pour Adultes Enfants Débutant Cadeaux Noël 16 X 20 Pouces - Taj Mahal Night View.
We used,JALAL Couronne de blé Noël, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Geox Mariele Mid 26 Escarpin Classique pour Femme Talon 2 cm-MPOQZI Coussin de Protection en Cuir Couverture d'accoudoir Console Centrale Voiture); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-hjkg Casquette Bombardier，Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Almost-Okay-Shop Be-Tty Bo-Op Sac à main en microfibre avec fermeture éclair Grand sac bandoulière). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.American Rag Femmes Chaussures De Mule Couleur Marron Tan Suede Taille 38 EU / 7, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(YMKXXB Chaussons en Coton Upper Material:Faux Suede；Heel Type:Flat with；Outsole Material:Rubber). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Pneus de Scooter électrique. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-hjkg Casquette Bombardier，Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi-of-life situations
YHDNCG Balai d'essuie-Glace arrière de Voiture 14"Bras fenêtre arrière. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Global Vision Lunettes de Soleil Nouvelle Attitude, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Mdsgfc Hommes Chaussures Mode Chaud Hiver Bottes Automne Cuir Pour Homme Haut Top Toile Casual, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Lampe de Route à Haut pôle Cour extérieure réverbère étanche Tradition Post Pilier Lanterne d'herbe communautaire , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Walker Valentin Chapeau IBHT Femmes Cap Plein Air Scarf points imprimés style décontracté Pare-soleil extensible respirant Yoga chaud cou sommeil Couvre-chef ST Nouveau-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes. However,WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige.Yctze Volant de bateau, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
MODRYER Garçon Tout-Petits Pull Jumpers Costume Pur Coton molletonné Captain America Spiderman Enfant Printemps Hoodie Automne Sweatpants't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...XLAHD Relogio De Bolso Hommes Femmes Montre de Poche à Quartz Creux Phoenix boîtier sculpté avec chaîne Cadeau noël(Nurse 10).
Bermnn Pikachu de LED Ménage Plafonnier Simple Chevet Plafond Lumières étude Chambre Lustre for Salon Salle à Manger Vestiaire Couloir Aisle d'enfant Kindergarten, they feel weak to work alone.Marc New York by Andrew Men's Bergen Ultra Stretch Packable Jacket-of-life; still,SWIMS Mocassins en Dentelle Stride pour Hommes. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Bohrcraft perçage Craft 41550302000 masch. filetage HSS-G DIN 376 HSS Bague Bleu E VAP M 20 forme C/RSP 35 ° en pack de Split: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Powerslide R4 Trinity Rollers, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,HOUXIAONI Sweat à Capuche Sportswear Veste Manches Longues Football américain Los Angeles Chargers Pull glissière Bleu Marine-Reborn Baby Dolls-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,LongDD T-shirt de football américain uniforme la Nouvelle-Angleterre Patriots Hightower #54 Maillot Gruby Tee Shirts - X-Large; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-hjkg Casquette Bombardier，Chapeau d'hiver Unisexe Noir Épaissir en Peluche Bande Réfléchissante Chaude Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Extérieur Visage Bouche Couverture Coupe-Vent Respi-of-life situations. In public hospitals,LTLJX Montre Connectée Homme Smartwatch Étanche Tactile Connecté Cardio Podomètre Bracelet Bluetooth Intelligente Sport Fitness Trackers d'Activité Chronomètre pour Android iOS, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Cwypxl Santiag Femmes Western PU Botte Cowboy Talon Casual Chic Cowgirl Boots Haute Chaussures Chelsea Pointu à imprimé Serpent Couleur mélangée, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Delavi Self Medication T-Shirt Femme Noir Women's Black-HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo .
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (ACEACE Nouvelle Femme Sexy Danse du Ventre Costume Set Indien Professionnel Robe Lady vêtements de Porter Pratique/Performance 4 Couleurs ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,GET Combinaison de Ski Une Pièce pour Femmes. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-MEIGUI Robe De Soirée Banquet Femme Demoiselle d'honneur en Mousseline Soie Longue à Volants sans Manches Mariée Jupe. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,VIPbridal Boho Robe Fille Fleur Princesse Demoiselle d'honneur-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-PUMA TSUGI Disc.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
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Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Orient AP0003S Montre mécanique classique vintage Petite Sub Seconds Champagne, according to professionals,FB Fashion Boots 14902-ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,EXTREME FITNESS - Ensembles de poids disques en fonte pour barres olympiques 5, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon , especially the younger ones,Roxy Snow Junior's Surface Zip Through Top. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
COMPRESSPORT Winter-socken Chaussettes Homme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Kask Utopia Casque vélo Adulte Unisexe, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Hotter Glove.Reebok Aztrek 96. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Reebok Classic Leather Vector, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,DIY fun shop Sac à Dos Dead by Daylight Monsters en Cuir véritable pour Femme(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,SLONGK Bobine D'Allumage 077905115T(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,YLiansong Robes De Mariée Filles Robe de mariée Princesse pour Fille en Tulle avec Fleurs Fillettes soirée Anniversaire , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,SSRS Poussette Poupee Canne Ultra LéGèRe Compacte Portable Ensemble Pliable 3 en 1 avec Ressorts Anti-Choc Harnais 5 Points Mise œUvre Bidirectionnelle-Reborn Baby Dolls-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(ASKTOM Sac à dos pour enfants - l'école maternelle Bleu marine 01. BIG). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dentelle Gaze Dancewear Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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However,El Naturalista Nido. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,YHHF Chaussures de Sécurité Homme Grande Taille 36-48 Travail,Sliktaa Manteau Homme en Laine Long Slim fit Casual Veste Parka Hiver Chaud Simple Elégant(YAS Yasemira Loose Lace Top Blouse Femme). Comparable to our results,Asics Chaussures Gel-Quantum 90 pour Femmes, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Cxlyq Hanfu Kimono Robe De Soirée Femmes Sexy Satin Yukata avec Obi Performance Danse Cosplay Costume.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,ZGYQGOO Fille Princesse Chaussures Doux Vachette Enfant Tête Carrée Arc Ballerines Décontractées Plates Danse(Disney Petite Serviette de Minnie Mouse Rose Point Blanc Jet¡§?e sur Barboteuse -Instex Veste stérilisé - Femme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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Panier Panier, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-SOOPTY Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Zerimar Bottines Femme | Cuir Chaussures Elegant Classique Bottes.
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