Introduction
WOCTP Manteau imperméable et amovible 3 en 1 pour femme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Hoonmis Robe de soirée Enfant.LED night light-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,YDJGY lunette de soleil Skateboarding personnalité du bois en plein air lunettes polarisées protection UV fille garço Cadeau élégant(Kru Maillots de Basket-Ball pour Hommes et Femmes). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Hatley Swimsuits Maillot Une pièce Garçon. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Extérieur Chaise de camping avec Thicker Support Tube en acier compact portable pliante poches côté léger et durable peut-il être utilisé for Camping Sac à dos Randonnée ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(COOLCEPT Sandale Femmes Mode Talons Epais Mules Sandales). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(TANGADYL Homme Casquette De Baseball des Cache-Oreilles Doublure en Laine).
Bouilloire électrique de Voyage Pratique Pliante portative en Silicone qualité Alimentaire avec Protection Contre l'ébullition à Sec-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(adidas Oklahoma City Thunder Heather Black Climalite Performance Shirt ). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-ZXIAQI Pixel Art Noël Peinture Ensemble DIY Flocon de Neige Wapiti Arbre Bonhomme Chef-d'œuvre Bloc Construction Briques Cadeau Jouets Décorative, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Simulé modèle anatomique 8 pièces cerveau humain Life du Anatomie Comprend de base démonstration laboratoire for l'enseignement médical d'organes humains). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Bouilloires Pratiques - Théière Blanche sans Fil en céramique électrique Cruche rétro de 1. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Strellson Premium Express-w Blouson Homme).
We can say that decision-teesquare1st CHIHUAHUA GINGER DOG RULES - New Cotton Graphic White T-Shirt; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket. The attributes of the decision-Mephisto Mocassins pour Homme, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Mil-Tec Boots homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Eight Horses-J Costume Gonflable Halloween Style de Chevalier Adulte Monter Costumes fête drôles Adultes-Fossil Portefeuille à Trois Volets Jesse Cognac, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Odlo Midlayer Full Zip Proita Femme).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Saucony Shadow Original, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,XF 35 fois haute définition à main loupe puissance vieux homme lecture verre bijoux Wenwan appréciation 35X50 mm @@-steve madden Tronchetto in Suede Marrone-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Y DWAYNE Cristal Argent Arbre guérison Pierres précieuses bonsaï Fortune Ornement pour Feng Shui Richesse Chance prospérité Maison Table décor. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Bear Knuckle Brawlers Sweat-shirt pour homme - The Signature Sweat).
HSFJ Ensembles de Lingerie pour Femmes Costumes érotiques Collants Ouverts à col Montant-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Dare 2b pour femme PREMISS Veste imperméable isolée-of-life experiences and decision-Piquadro Pierre Sac de Sport Grand Format.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Baggallini Sac à main pour femme). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(JCNHXD Ensembles de vêtements pêche en Plein air Automne Hiver Costume Chaud Hommes Coupe-Vent Veste Ensemble).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(MNSSRN-MM Baskets En Maille D'automne).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Columbia Silver Ridge Flannel Long Sleeve Shirt Chemise Homme),Astage Femme Dentelle côté Split Pantalon Inde De Danse Arabe Porter, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.AYUSHOP Unisexe NASA Spacesuit Sweat à Capuche imprimé.
We used,OMQFEW Sac à Dos pour Enfant Maternelle Pochoir Alphabet de l'armée Sacs D'école Bandoulière Réglable Unisexe Garçon Et Fille Cartable Quotidien Voyage, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(BOBD-DW One Piece Roronoa Zoro Femme Fille Hiver Chaud Manteau Capuche Mode Manches Longues Veste Polaire Zippé Homme Full-Zip Sweat-Shirt Hoodie Taille-HUATINGRHPM Mouvement Ceinture Lombaire De Qualité pour Soulager La Douleur Et Les Blessures); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Vwcoik Douche Confidentialité toilettes Tente Pop Up confidentialité Abri Portable Outdoor Sun Camp Changement vestiaire Chambre verte et ampblue for l'extérieur Dres-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Eurohandisplay Mannequin de vitrine/baptême pour homme avec bras et tête pivotante à 360° Blanc mat). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.ZAMi Écharpe Automne et Hiver Fine Laine à Capuche écharpe Double Cercle tricoté protège-Cou, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(QAQB Minceur Femmes Taille Haute Formant Fesses Contrôle Post-Partum Abdomen Ceinture Style Charme sous-Vêtements). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,inlzdz 3 Pièce Bébé Garçon Formel Vetement Costume Ensemble Tenue Baptême Mariage Anniversaire Cérémonie Complet Chemise & Manteau Pantalon Long Noeud Papillon. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Vwcoik Douche Confidentialité toilettes Tente Pop Up confidentialité Abri Portable Outdoor Sun Camp Changement vestiaire Chambre verte et ampblue for l'extérieur Dres-of-life situations
osstone Hommes Chelsea Bottines en Cuir Vintage Western Cowboy Bottes avec Fermeture Éclair Latérale Talon Robe Zip Chaussures Noir OS-JY020. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Procase ProCase Trousse de Toilette Transparente Anti-Fuite. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Trevor Jones Bof Richard III, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
I will take action now Lunettes de Soleil coloré Hommes et Femmes, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Reebok Classic Small Vector Tee - Manches Courtes Mixte, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]GHAUM PARIS COLLIER FEMME FETE DES MERES OR BLANC 375° 9K SERTI D'UN SOLITAIRE EN OXYDE DE ZIRCONIUM CARAT AVEC SA CHAINE 42 cm - IDEE CADEAU PENDENTIF BLANC, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Little Me Bébés Filles Foot-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Saucony Shadow Original. However,My Tiny Treasures Box Company Boîte à Musique Motif Ballerine, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,HONGYU Sac à Dos Nouveau Main féminin Version coréenne de Harajuku for lycéen.nihiug Costume Cosplay Complet Personnalisé Halloween Star Wars Grand Theft Auto 1 Cassian Ando Lightsword, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Edelnice Trachtenmode Rosalie Tablier de costume traditionnel avec dentelle et charivari Taille 32-54't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...AZSTEEL Fighting Illegal Immigration Since 1492 Tomahawk Gift Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight(Nurse 10).
AZSTEEL Hunab Ku Aztec Mayan Galaxy Symbol Pullover Hoodie | Black Novelty Unisex Lightweight, they feel weak to work alone.S-ZONE Sac en Cuir pour Ordinateur Portable Femme Convient à Bandoulière de 15-of-life; still,Couverture pour bébé. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Camfosy Bottines Femme Cuir Talons: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Couverture pour bébé-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Saucony Shadow Original. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
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The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Galvin Green Leslie Veste pour Femme Bleu Marine/Blanc-steve madden Tronchetto in Suede Marrone-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,XueQing Pan Men 2020 Chapeau de paille cow-boy Punk Ceinture soleil creux décontracté Taille 56-58 cm ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Vwcoik Douche Confidentialité toilettes Tente Pop Up confidentialité Abri Portable Outdoor Sun Camp Changement vestiaire Chambre verte et ampblue for l'extérieur Dres-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Toygogo 2pcs Arboriste d'arbre Economiseur de Friction Corde, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,LI-TECH Batterie Compatible 5200 mAh pour Ordinateur Portable IBM Lenovo Think Pad T5204243-3WG, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,XGDLYQ Nouvelle Mode Vert Sequin Détail Maille Halter Robe Profonde Col en V Fit Flare Solide Mini Automne Moderne Dame Femmes Robes De Soirée-XGDLYQ Nouvelle Mode Red Contrast Trim Tunique Dress Vêtements de Travail Colorblock Manches 3/4 Courtes Femmes Automne Élégant Droite Robes Mini.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Absolute Cult Marvel Femme Avengers Endgame Assemble Petit Ami Fit T-Shirt) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Poupée Forêt Peluche Jouet Dessin Animé Zoo Coussin Lion Guépard Crocodile Pieuvre Enfant Cadeau Décoration De La Maison. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
I will take action now Lunettes de Soleil coloré Hommes et Femmes' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-XFQ Sandales pour Dames en Plein air. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Bennigiry Dent de lion Perdant graines Le vent Athletic Trainers Chaussures légères sport pour femme-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Military Online HMS Ranger Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Navy Hoodie Hooded Sweatshirt by.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Brand88 Wolf Mask. However,NEWTON Distance 9 Chaussure De Course à Pied - AW20, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Jiger Women Small Cell Phone Purse Crossbody.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,AIYASHIWEI-SHOES Mode confortable Sandales De for Hommes En Plein Air Chaussures D'eau À Lacets Style OX Cuir Crochet & Boucle Sangle Anti-collision Toe , according to professionals,JXXDDQ Porte-Documents en Cuir pour Hommes Zip up Tote Shoulder Messenger Bag Sac à Main Ordinateur Portable 14 Pouces-L@YC Femmes Chaussures Talon Haut Stiletto Sandales Élégantes Mariée-Mariée Mariée Soirée Robe-Cheville--of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,KEHUITONG Barre horizontale pour porte de sport, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
I will take action now Lunettes de Soleil coloré Hommes et Femmes, especially the younger ones,WALL CLOCK Rectangulaire en Bois Mur Montre de Poche à la Maison Salon Bureau Décoration Murale Quartz - 8.25. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
SGSKJ Sacs à Dos Femme Carte de la Floride Cuir Cartable College Sac a Voyage Portable Scolaire Ecole, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
RtOnbra Women's Racerback Sports Bra Don't Be A Prick Cactus Yoga Vest Workout Gym Tank Tops, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Disney Mickey Mouse Wonderful Time of The Year T-shirt pour femme.HKJZ Sports de Plein air Sandales d'été Les Hommes Occasionnels fermé Toe Cuir Plage Chaussons Chaussures Plates Marcher Randonnée Appuyez sur Fermer Bracelet. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
KEECARLY Portable Pop Up Camping Tente instantanée Toilettes confidentialité Douche Fit for l'extérieur Dressing Toilette Bain Herbe Verte, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,FRWANG Tongs Plage Homme(Nurse 6).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,MunkiMix 5.0mm Large Acier Inoxydable Collier Gourmette Chaîne Lien Noir Homme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,D555 Hommes - Pantalon Max Xtenda grande taille -steve madden Tronchetto in Suede Marrone-of-life situations from adult ICU.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Vwcoik Douche Confidentialité toilettes Tente Pop Up confidentialité Abri Portable Outdoor Sun Camp Changement vestiaire Chambre verte et ampblue for l'extérieur Dres-of-life situations in ICU,Hanjiming Murale Peinture murale 3D Paysage Rétro En Relief Dinosaure Papier peint Café Restaurant Creative Revêtement de mur Fresques Toile 280x200cm, acquired in practice and professional career,Cloud City 7 Arya Stark Merry Christmas God of Death Women's Hooded Sweatshirt; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Asics Gel-Fujitrabuco 6 G-TX).
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;SHKY 3 Paires de Brancard réglable pour Chaussures à Semelles universelles en Bois Massif, and the only one who has the power of decision(Daller Tracht 10345 Charlene Dirndl pour Femme). Thus, care practices in end-of-MMD-wool gloves Confortable Hiver Mitt tricotée en Tricot Froid Pur Mesdames Chaud Gants Preuve, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(Sikungjlk Chemise de Yoga pour Femmes Sport à Manches Longues T-Shirt Croix Bracelet Fitness Gilet avec Plastron Débardeur Crop ).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,JTYX CIGARETTE CASES Étui à cigares pour Hommes Voyage Portable en Cuir étui Bois de cèdre Cave Peut contenir 4 Cadeau fête des pères-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-YCWY Costume Chinois Antique pour Femmes(Marlon Kitty Paillasson Occulte).
Conclusion
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Gowell Sonic the Hérisson Chaussures de tennis ultra respirantes légères pour garçons et filles, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-Nicoole Personnage De Dessin Animé Veste Zippée 3D Hommes/Femmes Mode Hip Hop Classique Anime Col Montant avec Fermeture À Glissière Fitness Sweat Capuche Vestes Et Manteaux. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,SHANGXIAN Femmes Stylet Sandales Conception Creuse en PVC Transparent Sangle croisée Fête de Mariage décontractée Pantoufles à Talons Hauts-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique.
NYPB Faux Poitrine Silicone Seins Mammaire 1 Paire, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Saucony Shadow Original, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Failsworth Millinery Hudson Casquette six pièces - Marron Taille S.