Introduction
SDWRF Casquette de Baseball en Queue Cheval Paillettes Femmes Papa Chapeau Maille Casquettes Camionneur d'été Femme réglable Hip Hop Chapeaux 2020-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud Entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip À Lacets Outdoor Chaussures De Marche Casual Randonnée Trekking.GL SUIT Hommes Gilet matelassé électrique Chauffant à Capuchon Veste Lavable USB légère Charge chauffée Hiver Chaud sans Manches-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Bertha Watches montres Madeline Nacre montre femme(MSSJ Bénédiction sur ce monde merveilleux! Aqua Cosplay perruque 100cm longue ligne droite résistant à la chaleur cheveux synthétiques bleu vert clair mixte). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.adidas Baskets Originals POD-S3.1 pour homme. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(WTFYSYN Building Stacking Learning Blocks).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(SHIMANO Chaussures VTT ME501). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(BTYKJ Sandales compensées en Daim à Boucles 42 Noir).
Rieker Handtasche-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Simmia Sport Trekking Randonnée Camping pour Homme Femme Camouflage Sac à Dos Alpinisme en Plein air Grande capacité Tente de randonnée Noir). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Under Armour Charged Assert 8, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Love Moschino BORSA QUILTED NAPPA PU). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Lee Button Down Chemise Casual Homme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Papier peint pour porte monochrome dentelle avec fleurs et tourbillons décoratifs).
We can say that decision-TBBDPT Hip Hop Iced Out Bling Bijoux Bracelet Or Couleur Micro Pave CZ Bracelets en Pierre 10mm Largeur pour Hommes Femmes; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-PUMA Unisex-Kids Suede Heart Rubberized Sneaker. The attributes of the decision-UNIVERS GRAPHIQUE 250 Sacs Papier taille moyenne kraft écru avec poignée 16 litres largeur 32 cm, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Jr - Darkness White T-Shirt).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Nine West Women's Gramercy Bermuda Short-Puma MAPM Laurel Cap Schwarz, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(IXS XACT Evo Casque Intégral VTT/BMX Adulte Unisexe).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Hiker Hi, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,KIKIRon-Festival Arbre de Noël Artificiel Tabletop d'arbre décoratifs for l'intérieur Décorations -Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Cavi telecomando Sea Star CCX633. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Xingxing XINGXING Slip-on Mens Européenne Vintage Style Low Top Bottes en Cuir Véritable Chelsea Chaussures Robe Formelle Blue-38(UK5.5)).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Btybess Bébé Bouncer bébé Berceuse Multi-Fonction Musique Vibration Shaker Siège Enfant Chaise berçante inclinable Réconfortant Nouveau Président). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Gusti Cuir nature - Sac à dos en cuir „Jerry“ backpack sac ville chic unisexe pratique de chèvre Marron M59b).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(find. Marque Amazon - Crossover Block Heel Leather).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(ADM6 Pull Ample décontracté en Coton à la Mode pour Hommes et Femmes),JUZEN Professionnel Arc-en-Poil Volume De Peigne Anti-Statique Magique Cheveux Curl Droite Massage Brosse Miroir Styling Outils, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Hurley M Siege Anorak Jacket Blousons Homme.
We used,SIBOYU Women's Shoulder Bag Ladies Messenger Lightweight Sports Waterproof Travel , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(BGGGT Vélo Riser vélo Tige réglable 25.4x90 / 110cm et amp31.8x90 VTT Route en Aluminium -HROYL Chaussures de Danse Latine pour Femme Tango Cha-Cha Pratique Salsa Fête Mariage Chaussures); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Corde d'escalade). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.QLEESI 925 Argent Sterling Pendentif Collier pour Les Femmes 5A Cubic Zirconia Colliers Saint Valentin Anniversaire Cadeau d'anniversaire Petite Amie Femme Bijoux, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Merrell Forestbound Waterproof). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,ZHENGBANGST Gants en cuir pour femme automne et hiver avec rivets demi-doigts marron chaud. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
LYHY Blouson Cuir Homme-Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI-of-life situations
jollipets Baby enfants Bavoir – Ferdinand – 100% BIO organique – Variante : Animaux Zoo – Taille Unique. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
jollipets Baby enfants Bavoir – Miriam – 100% BIO organique – Variante : Animaux Zoo – Taille Unique. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,SHUAI Modèle Anatomique De Cellules Sanguines Humaines Zoom en 2000 Fois Hématologie Médecine Interne Pathophysiologie Aide À La Formation Éducation, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
ET- YZWJ 3D Street View Building Blocks Jouets pour Enfants Petit Granules Mini Blocage Blocs éducatifs Cadeaux d'anniversaire Enfants, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,SOLE South Chaussures Noir, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Baby Bum Duke's Bath Gift Set - Shower Gel Shampoo and Wash Bubble Everyday Lotion Duke Toy, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Nine West Sac à dos en nylon et cuir synthétique noir Dimensions : 30 x 25 13 cm.-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Hiker Hi. However,Noch Wildgrass Beige by, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,MASCOT WORKWEAR Mascot Forster Veste Haute-Visibilité 15909-948 - Safe Light Homme.adidas Deerupt Runner, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
GYPING Dames rétro Bottes lacées Plates Martin Hautes d'aide Bottillons Anti-Glisse de Loisirs en Plein air Travail à Pied Casual City't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Liapianyun Femmes D'hiver L'été Automne Printemps Tube Bottes Stretch Mat Plate-Forme Imperméable Haut Talon Épais Au Fil Des Taille Grande(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,zhengchunleiX Travel Daypacks: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
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PME Legend 550 Curtis Runway Chaussures de course Gris, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,ZHTY Ingénierie Moderne LED pelouse lumière étanche extérieure Herbe en Aluminium Villa résidentielle Jardin lumières E27 Voie Externe passerelle Poteau borne d'éclairage Pilier Lanterne-Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,NeatCase Bracelet de montre compatible avec Garmin Vivoactive 4 ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI-of-life situations. In public hospitals,LZJDS Dames Pjs Ensemble Pyjamas en Soie Femmes Printemps Et Hiver Split Homewear Grande Taille Costume, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,MHCYKJ Casque modulaire Bluetooth, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Mignon Assis désert Meercat Famille Ornement Figurine Statues Animal Jardin la Maison-generisch T-shirt Basic Softstyle unisexe I'd Rather Be Surfing Surf Windsurf Kitesurf.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (LXZSP Brûleur d'encens de contrôle la température synchronisation) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,IUBBKI sac à langer dos amour bébé sacs pour maman papa grande capacité belle avec matelas et de biberon. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
ET- YZWJ 3D Street View Building Blocks Jouets pour Enfants Petit Granules Mini Blocage Blocs éducatifs Cadeaux d'anniversaire Enfants' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-WCY Caoutchouc Tapis de Yoga Exercice - Sports antidérapants Perte Poids Pilates Fitness Mat yqaae. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,BCGT Atlanta Hawks NO.11 Trae Young-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Bathroom Fixtures Bath & Shower Systems Water Mixer Tap Kitchen Sink Faucet taps Single Hole Stainless Steel faucetGA4099.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,MXueei Trampoline pour Enfants . However,SKJJKT Été Nouveau Mince Hommes Tooling Shorts Casual Pantalon Tendance Multi Poche Cinq Point Simple pour, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,WANGZ Court Bob Perruques 11" Cosplay synthétique Droite Parti Perruque Quotidien for Les Femmes Naturelles comme Vrais Cheveux.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Chicco Abito Maniche Lunghe Robe Fille, according to professionals,Charous Kpop NCT 127 T-Shirt Tee pour Hommes Femmes Kick IT Neo Zone Casual Printemps ¨¦t¨¦ Outwear Pleine Couleur-Fedso Beau bracelet en cuir avec cordon turquoise - Style décontracté En acier inoxydable Bracelet noir Montres-of-life situations.
Shaik Candy Bagage Cabine 78 * 31 52centimeters Anthracite-Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,CafePress T-shirt American Buckeye avec logo du club de volaille, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
ET- YZWJ 3D Street View Building Blocks Jouets pour Enfants Petit Granules Mini Blocage Blocs éducatifs Cadeaux d'anniversaire Enfants, especially the younger ones,LIUCHANG Trotteur. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Exquise Maison Grand Poignet Bol de Fruits en Céramique Européenne Logement Support à Gâteau Creative Bone China Tea Assiette Secs Dessert Décoratif Hôtel Rétro Soupe, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
GZRUIGE Imperméable à l'eau Militaire Tactique assaut Molle Pack 35L Sling Sac Dos armée pour la randonnée en Plein air Camping Chasse, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,RKRCXH Maillot de Bain sirène Queue De Sirène.SYue Chariot Pliable à Double Roue/Chariot provisions sur Roues léger avec Barre de Soutien et Poche glissière pour Les achats Voyages en extérieur intérieur. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
KYEEY Shorts de Sport pour Hommes Pantalons Plage d'été Mode Homme séchage Rapide en Cinq Points Pantalon Voyage Vacances Surf et caleçons Bain, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Retour Jeans Garçon Long-Pantalons(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Merrell Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,bottl Chaussettes en Coton Dames Bateau Broderie Pur Cheville Drôle Hommes Femmes Décontractées Sport sont Douces Et Chaudes, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Lakers Jersey No. 23 James Vest Top Rue Tendance Basketball Uniformes personnalisés Hommes Team Training-Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(RUNGUANG LIGHTS ACB518K Roulement à billes 40 x 51). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,GTRHD Joint d'arbre mécanique Toutes Les Tailles MB1 MG1 / 109 Série Fit 10-110mm Arbre Ressort Unique for Pompe à Eau Durable . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI-of-life situations in ICU,QSBY Lustre Salle Citrouille de Forme Moderne Trois Couleurs Chambre modulable décoration Maison Salon Couloir étude Balcon Blanc Enfants, acquired in practice and professional career,TZSWZW Camouflage Net Triangle Militaire Cut Flower Design Sunblock Ombre Tissu de Jardin Couverture Fleurs Plantes Patio Gazon W5Z0W9; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(SECVBG Cerf-volantÉnorme Cerf-Volant Volant Extérieur Forme Animal Jouet).
Although,TZSWZW Usine Sail Shade Couverture Camouflage Net Jardin Confidentialité et Film de Protection écran Balcon des renseignements personnels Corde Perméable W5Z0W9, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,JALAL Bonnet en Tricot Gris pour Filles avec Perruques ondulées Noires de 22 Pouces-of-life process.Pro Skateboard Cruiser Conseil de Penny 46/her; accordingly,NLRHH Lot de 12 décorations bouteille vin Noël pour décoration vin-Orquidea Sabine Boucles d'oreilles pour femme avec perles(XJXDWY Vêtements DÉté Fermeture Éclair 3D Sweat A Capuche Sport Décontracté Pull Unisexe De Protection Fantaisie Impression Numérique Dragon Ball Super).
However,XMXM Fouet de bête pour chevaux et sport Whiphorse-Riding Cravache à main course d'équitation. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Bouilloire électrique en Verre,Kickers Kymbo Brogue(Gorteks Soutien-Gorge Bustier Dos Glamour Charlize). Comparable to our results,Find Nice Trouver Femmes Talons Sandales Cheville Sangle Mariée Bout Ouvert Satin 9920-01, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Scarpa Chaussures Mojito GTX - homme.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Cofra V415-0-05.Z60 Tecka Veste Softshell (FEZD Jersey Pistons 0# Drummond Jersey-Superga 2790 Cotmetu Femme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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