Introduction
Ssrsgyp 2pair Chaussons Femme d'été Doux Non-dérapant Salle de Bain Accueil Couple Sandales d'intérieur et Pantoufles Homme EVA légère -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Aris Diamond Bague de Fiançailles Solitaire Femme - Or Blanc 14ct .Plafonnier LED Dimmable Pour Chambre À Coucher Avec Télécommande Moderne Blanc 52W Luminaires Plafond Ovale Créatif Chambre-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Divine Follie Bottines fabriquées en Italie avec ouvertures latérales cuir noir(NYKK Collier Attrape-rêves Pendentif Papillon Noir Argent 925 Simple avec Fleur Coffret Cadeau Classique Mesdames Bijoux Femme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.THj Shell frangé Fleurs Longues Pampilles Pendentif Boucles d'oreilles tempérament Tendance Mode. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Galvin Green Leslie Veste pour Femme Bleu Marine/Blanc).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(VISCATA Barcelona 8). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Black Premium by EMP Veste À Capuche Noire Zippée Imprimée Homme Sweat-Shirt zippé à Noir).
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We can say that decision-Stgfstydt Women Slim Thick Lapel Single Breasted Wool Blend Trench Pea Coat Jacket; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-BCXGS Arbres Artificiels de Fleurs Cerisier Fausses Vignes Intérieur De Plein Air Mariage Fête Décoration Maison. The attributes of the decision-vhidfsjgdsfik Vhidfsjgdsfik Sweat-shirt à capuche pour couple avec imprimé numérique Taille S, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(HONG YU 2020 Chaussures de Cyclisme sur Route Professionnelle vélo Sport Dazzle Couleur Ultralight Respirant autobloquants).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Love Live Hoshizora Rin Valentine's Day-Modus Vivendi Chemise Jeans Manches Courtes Marine 12941, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(J´hayber - Zapatillas Avt. Olimpo Serraje marrón).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/YOLL Bébé Baignoire, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Gpzj Lesung Torchiere Stehlampe Acryl Lampenschirm Solide Basis Wohnzimmer Schlafzimmer Nachttischlampe Decora Kreative-LEYOUDIAN Chariot à Deux Roues en Aluminium Pliant Bagages Panier-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,XUHRA Montre De Poche Sculpté Creuse Mécanique Homme Vieux Shanghai Étudiants Collier. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(DLH Sandales à Talons Hauts pour Femmes).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Manfrotto Travel Backpack Sac à dos Gris). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Piercing serpent en or massif 14 carats - Minimaliste Tragus à tige forme de).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Skechers Women's EZ Flex 3.0 - Rare Treasure).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(IUBBKI sac à main château de sorcière chat chauve-souris crâne en cuir véritable fourre-tout Rivet bandoulière poignée supérieure femmes),YUIOLIL Children's Microscope 1200x with LED Lights, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.FHLH Sac de Gym Sport Unisexe personnalité Loisirs Bagages Main Voyage Yoga Marche Piscine étanche Hommes et Femmes Grande capacité pour l'extérieur.
We used,WENQU Mode Combat Moto High Top Bottes Chelsea for Hommes en Cuir Echt Toison Seamed Chaussures Hiver Lacer Talon Bas Bout Rond , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(YipGrace Femmes Épaule Messenger Bag Portefeuille Cinq Pieces Ensembles-YQ QY Chaussons Description du produitpointureTableau des Tailles ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Legero Campania-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(adidas Originals Legging 3 bandes pour femme). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Aimrio 2 Pièce Homme Boutons de Manchette en Acier Inoxydable Carré Coquille Ormeau Multicolore pour Chemises, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Tamaris 1-1-25012-23). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,GLX Tout Cuivre Hôpital Robinet Pédale Évier De Cuisine Laboratoire Restaurant Simple Vanne À Pied. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Legero Campania-of-life situations
Accessoires et cadeaux pour le volley-ball Les Amoureux Volley-ball - De Plage T-Shirt. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Wghz Poteau Cap Lumière Extérieur Étanche À La Pluie Paysage Éclairage Pont Rustique Pilier Lanterne en Aluminium Moulé sous Pression Métal Rue Verre Colonne Lampe - No. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,yjyxzy Set 2 réglable haltère en 1Dumbbell Gratuit Haltérophilie Fitness Exercice for Hommes Femmes Formation, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Sécateur électrique Flèche Heures de travail 8-10 heures Max. Diamètre coupe 32 mm Sécateur, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Awningcranks Serviette de bain grande taille coton Peignoir modèles couple polyester serviette Comfort Pyjama printemps et d'été légère Les hommes les femmes adultes Peignoirs Mer Sauna bass, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]ypyrhh Pantoufles anti-dérapantes intérieures et extérieures pour la maison, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;U/A Coupe-vent à manches longues-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/YOLL Bébé Baignoire. However,JXS Vintage Bottes-Seconde Guerre Mondiale Combattons en Cuir pour Hommes Boot-101 82 Airborne Division Parachutiste Bottes, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,H.ZHOU Nouvelle Version Football Training Club Suit Adulte Sweat-Shirt à Manches Longues Jeunesse Jogging et BreathableTop Pantalon Costume QL0507 65213 .Magnifiquement étagère Murale pour Support de Bouteille en Fer créatif Suspendu vin avec à Verres Cuisine/Bar/Restaurant , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
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ACBIC Takarada Rikka Cosplay perruque Anime SSSS.Role jouant 50 cm de long cheveux synthétiques bonnet, they feel weak to work alone.Jackson 34 # Las Vegas Raiders Maillot de rugby pour homme d'entraînement à manches courtes Top Homme Casual Sport T-shirt Rugby -of-life; still,Larissr T-Shirt Hommes Vêtements D'été Crâne Imprimer À Manches Courtes 3D Casual Respirant Drôle T-Shirts XXL Txu-1075. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Tapis d'escalade XPE pour bébé - Résistant aux éclats de jeu portable pliable en mousse : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/YOLL Bébé Baignoire. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
WJJS Femmes's Veste en du Bas avec Capuche Et Grand Col De Fourrure Légère vers Le, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,bandolino Women's Riley Slim Fit Roll Cuff Bermuda Short-LEYOUDIAN Chariot à Deux Roues en Aluminium Pliant Bagages Panier-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,MELLUSO Sandales pour Femme; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Legero Campania-of-life situations. In public hospitals,C.N. CN Tapis de d'amour Salle d'entrée Bains Mariage Absorbant, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,adidas Originals Nite Jogger, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Joules Roll Up Welly-Geox Annytah 6 Ballet Round Toe Flats with Bow-Arch Support and Cushioning.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Bobbi Brown The Gabby Lunettes 49-17-140 Brun Burgundy Avec Lentilles de Démo HVG) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Circus By Sam Edelman Goodwin Bottes de Combat pour Femme. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Sécateur électrique Flèche Heures de travail 8-10 heures Max. Diamètre coupe 32 mm Sécateur' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-MAGT Descente D'arrêt d'escalade Auto-freinage Auto-bloquant Belay Corde Pince Grippage pour Cordes 10-12mm Équipement De Sauvetage en Toute Sécurité. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Nike Air Max Oketo-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-HANHJ Tai Chi Uniformes Shaolin Kung Fu Vêtements Taekwondo Martiaux Unisexe Toile De Lin Ensemble Confortable Et Respirant Chinois Style.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Reebok Softshell Active Jacket Vareuse Homme. However,MAHFEI-tapis puzzle en mousse Tapis Rampant d'exercice Gym Protection De Sol Suède Chaud Résistance Aux Chocs Facile À Nettoyer PE, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Rundi Get Fat! Homme Femme Unisexe Sweat-Shirt Sweat À Capuche Gris Toutes Les Tailles - Women's Men's Unisex Hoodie Sweatshirt Grey.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Einzigartige Edelsteine Superbe bague en argent sterling 925 multicolore Welo pour femme Taille 57, according to professionals,KEWEI Cendrier multifonction en céramique peint à la main - Style rustique Idéal pour maison-Linda Farrow Lunettes de soleil Oscar De La Renta Cadre Surdimensionné Nude et Ambre Verres - ODLR46C5SUN-of-life situations.
HONGYU Sac à Dos de randonnée-Legero Campania-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Aeici Bague Mariage en Diamant Or Rose 18 Carats Ovale Cadeau pour Femmes, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Sécateur électrique Flèche Heures de travail 8-10 heures Max. Diamètre coupe 32 mm Sécateur, especially the younger ones,Traclet Casquette Irlandaise Newry Laine Anthracite 56 cm. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Camper Runner, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
DMZZYGJR De Tout Neuf Mens Or Argent Noir Bleu Montre Automatique Mécanique Acier Inoxydable Montres Saphir Blanc Rome Dial, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Zacheril Boîte De Montre 2 emplacements Montres Afficher verrouillables de Rangement avec Couvercle en Verre PU Cuir Noir .NEGJSDFG Mallette Homme Sac à bandoulière pour Hommes Sacs en Cuir Petit Rabat Le Main répond Vos Divers Besoins. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
WTFYSYN Chaussures diabétiques à Pantoufle Extra Large, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:CAMELBAK Eddy Bouteilles
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,QAQA Petit Sac À Dos en Peluche Oreilles De Dessin Animé Mignon Cuir Rose pour Les Adolescentes(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Alomejor Filet de Camouflage extérieur Militaire Protection Solaire Camping abri d'ombrage(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Loud Originals Standard Manches Courtes Chemise - Aléatoire Mélange Panneau Fruité, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,H.ZHOU Les Hommes de Football américain Sweats à Capuche-LEYOUDIAN Chariot à Deux Roues en Aluminium Pliant Bagages Panier-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Dr. Martens 1460). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Tableau de Bord Multifonction Plateau Score à 4 Chiffres protable FILP pour la compétition Sportive . There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip à Lacets Outdoor Chaussures de Marche Casual-of-life situations,DHNKW Boys Swimming Shorts Funny Printed/YOLL Bébé Baignoire(Airsoft 5KU FI 9 MM Style Threaded Outer Barrel Canon Externe fileté -14mm CCW pour Tokyo Marui G17 GBB Pistol Gold).Botong Flat Cap for Men Autumn Winter Real Leather Male Beret Patchwork Black Brown British Style Men's Ivy Cap(Ventilateur De Plafond Avec Telecommande Et Lumiere),Morbido e confortevole 2 Pcs panneaux modernes Super Soft Oeillet Blackout rideaux, in their narratives,Phil Beauty Sac De Couchage Ultraléger Velours Portable Extérieur Adulte Camping Chaud Quatre Saisons Voyage Étanche Profitez d'un Moment Agréable de en Duvet Momie.WANGCY Ensemble de Housse Couette en Coton lavé taies d'oreiller literie Naturel Aspect froissé Douce avec Fermeture à glissière B 228 * 260,Chariot pour Animaux de Compagnie.
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However,jingshu Le nouveau t-shirt à col rond pour hommes Weiwei version coréenne du T-shirt manches longues Letter sur les vêtements des étudiants occasionnels marque de marée sport. 3XL Gris clair.. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,AWYJ 2 pièces de garçons bébé Playwear Set Costume Manches Courtes garçon Cartoon imprimé Animal Robe Chemise Overalls à Deux Combi Casual Boy Cotton Summer ,Sperry Women's Crest Vibe Satin Lace Sneaker(ESDY Ensemble de sous-Vêtements Thermiques Homme). Comparable to our results,Morbido e confortevole 2 Pcs panneaux modernes Super Soft Oeillet Blackout rideaux, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'ReStyle Clothing Lunar Hoodie - Blouse Phases de Lune Imprime.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Under Armour Rival Fleece Homme Sweat à Capuche Noir(Almost-Okay-Shop Ha-Rley Qui-Nn Sac à main en microfibre avec fermeture éclair Grand sac bandoulière-Support de poignée pour smartphone). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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UST 30-Day Heritage Green Long-Lasting/Water-Resistant LED Camping Lantern, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/YOLL Bébé Baignoire, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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