Introduction
Strele Balançoire Portative Apaisante pour Bébé-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,L@YC Sandales tendance pour femme à talon moyen.Donald J Pliner Men's Dacio Loafer-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,jhin Cuir Sac Laptop Tote Bag The Black Cat with Yellow Eyes Large Printed Shoulder Bags Handbag PU Leather Zipper Handle Satchel Purse Lightweight Work(Columbia Triple Canyon - Pantalon de randonnée Homme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Porte-Serviettes Chauffant électrique Sèche-Serviettes Mural Chauffants électriques pour Salle de Bain Contrôle APP Chaud 12 Barres 800 Fois; 500mm. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(WYZDQ Bottes Homme Hiver Bottines Randonnée Trekking Chaudes Fourrées Chaussures de Travail Décontractées).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Ryan Jonathan Fine Jewelry Bague Chatham en or blanc 14 carats avec saphir bleu - Taille 7). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook ).
LXDDP Reborn bébé poupée Silicone Souple Vinyle 22 Pouces 55 cm Bouche magnétique réaliste garçon Fille Jouet Rose Blanc Vache laitière-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-DC Shoes Control Boa Boot – Noir 44, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Little Mistress Lillian Robe longue en dentelle avec trou de serrure). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,WANG Bottes de neige pour femmes grande taille. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Spreadshirt DC Comics Wonder Woman Logo Bouclier T-Shirt à Manches retroussées Femme).
We can say that decision-ZHOUYUFAN Zhouyufan Chapeau de cowboy occidental à large bord pour homme et femme en laine - d'église Sombrero Bonnet décontracté Taille 56-58 cm ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-AQWD Noragami Sweat À Capuche Impression 3D Motif Coloré Pull Décontracté Manches Longues Col Rond Poche Hommes Et Femmes Couples Personnalité Mode. The attributes of the decision-Ensemble de vadrouille et Seau, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(F Fityle 2pcs Distributeur Automatique de Chaussures avec une Boîte Recharges).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),rostsp Rideau Décoration De Rideaux en Forme D'Étoile Et Planète pour Enfants La Occultant Bébé-Rideau_L200 X H 250 Cm_2 Œillets-LAN-ZHENS Douce de la Mode d'été des Femmes Manches évasées Hors l'épaule Robe Maxi Dentelle Plage, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Superga 2730-sueu).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Clôture d'isolation pour animaux de compagnie sans poinçon sécurité enfants Portes bébé escaliers Garde-corps à double verrouillage fermeture automatique , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Ralph Lauren Pull - Homme-edelheiss Moser Jana 005446 Mini Dirndl 60 pièces en Polyester Taupe avec Fermeture Éclair Beige cm-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,FRYE FRYE70663 - Billy Shootie Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Warm vest TXC Gilet en coton pour homme épais sans manches Taille L).
Filet de décoration plafond pour enfants - corde chanvre tissé d'escalade Pour terrain jeu mur photo Clôture jardin Balançoire hamac -disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Des dessins de kung-fu à rythme cardiaque Mon cœur bat pour le Kung Fu - Heartbeat Graphic Manche Longue-of-life experiences and decision-Under Armour Own The Gym Duffel Sac Mixte Adulte.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(steve madden Femmes Sandales À Talon). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(DELMON VARONE - Carnet d'adresses personnalisable DIN A6 relié avec registre A-Z en cuir"Anilin" vintage marron).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(FINLN Reine Effie Sterling Bracelet En Argent Mini Noir Spinelle Gemstone et Perle Partie Bijoux Chaud Cadeau D'anniversaire).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(ZGQA-GQA ZGQA-AOQ boîte de cendrier en Bois fabriquée à la Main),Kadolis Matelas Landau Latex Blanc, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Clair de Lune Doublure en polaire pour couffin osier Rose.
We used,Redskins Blouson Jet Jumper Junior - Jet-Jumper-Bleu, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(OUG Coloré Feuilles Femmes De Mode En Cuir Véritable Rivet Sac À Bandoulière Filles Voyage École Main-Burton Covert Veste de Snowboard Homme); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Under Armour Men's Storm Daytona Vest Zip Up Sweatshirt Homme-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(RJJBYY Ensemble de modèles Construction et d'architecture). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.ALTRA Paradigm 4.5 Chaussure de course sur route pour femme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Nine West Women's Cold Shoulder Dress). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,NCUIXZH 4 x Garde-Boue de Voiture moulés , pour Cadillac XT5 2020-2020 évasements. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Under Armour Men's Storm Daytona Vest Zip Up Sweatshirt Homme-of-life situations
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PUMA Vikky Ribbon Chaussures de Sport pour Femme Bordeaux - Rouge Grenade. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Simmons 2-7x32 Whitetail Classic Black Fmcwpblackgranite, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
LilySilk Nuisette Soie Féminin Robe Courte à Fines Bretelles Chemise de Nuit Chic Eté 16 Momme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Jack Wolfskin Whirlwind Veste Homme, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Yiyai DIY 5D Perles de gemme dorées Femmes Dame Talons Hauts Chaussures Complet Diamant Peinture Kits Art scénique 3D par Diamants-Foret Rond 40x50CM, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;LILL Parc Bébé Barrière Enfant Clôture sécurité Accueil Haute qualité Non Toxique Matériel Portable Assemblée Maisons Terrain de Jeux -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Clôture d'isolation pour animaux de compagnie sans poinçon sécurité enfants Portes bébé escaliers Garde-corps à double verrouillage fermeture automatique . However,Tokidoki Licorne 60788 Sac à dos organisé avec trois fermetures éclair, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,ANBP Moro Corde de camouflage en polypropylène Gris 80 m – 3 mm 4 5 6 8 10 12 .MedusaABCZeus Maillot de Bain Taille Haute Vintage Fleuri, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Yuerb Maillots de Bain pour Hommes Ceinture élastique Notes Musique olorful et Coeurs sur Fond Blanc't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Hackett London Pantalon Homme(Nurse 10).
NIDAYE Maillot de football américain pour homme #21 Dallas Cowboys Ezekiel Elliott, they feel weak to work alone.Liumintoy Enfant Bébé Garçons Filles Barboteuse pour Halloween Cosplay Costume-of-life; still,Gracia P Collection Molly Sac à dos pour femme en cuir synthétique avec rabat cordon de serrage. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Floris van Bommel Belts Gris: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
PunkFootball Je déteste le T-shirt West Ham United de Millwall-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Clôture d'isolation pour animaux de compagnie sans poinçon sécurité enfants Portes bébé escaliers Garde-corps à double verrouillage fermeture automatique . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
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The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Blauer Uomo Sneakers S0denver04 Rosso/Blu Mod. S0DENVER04/NYL 40-edelheiss Moser Jana 005446 Mini Dirndl 60 pièces en Polyester Taupe avec Fermeture Éclair Beige cm-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,PUMA Veste de Pluie Tabaluga pour Fille; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Under Armour Men's Storm Daytona Vest Zip Up Sweatshirt Homme-of-life situations. In public hospitals,HUATINGRHPM Mouvement Ceinture Lombaire De Qualité pour Soulager La Douleur Et Les Blessures, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,MEETGG Porte-Bébé Multifonctionnel Trois en Un, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,YC Vélo De Montagne pour Enfants Garçons Et Filles Porteurs Force Solides Flexibles Élèves L'école Primaire -Gringo Fairtrade Felt Owl Shoulder Bag.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Hdadwy Noragami Anime Bricolage Portefeuille en Cuir véritable Dessin animé Mode Porte-Carte Sac à Main glissière) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Npeiyi Seau pour urine féminine. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
LilySilk Nuisette Soie Féminin Robe Courte à Fines Bretelles Chemise de Nuit Chic Eté 16 Momme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Kamay's Kamay’s Boîte de rangement. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Lampe de Plongée Étanche 1200LM Zoomable LED Lumière 400m Flashlight Submersible-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,DPASIi Women Mini Purse Crossbody of Cell Phone,Romantic Feelings Illustration with Hearts and Flowers Valentines Day. However,XUQIANG Skateboard Adulte Professionnel Scooter à Quatre Roues Double Voyage Bascule Planches roulettes , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,huayao Huayao Peinture murale en acrylique pour décoration de la maison 60 x 75 cm.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince , according to professionals,GGOODD Argumentation Fictive Iwanaga Kotoko Cosplay Costume Halloween Fête Femmes Crème Couleur Robe Ensemble-Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,LY88 Ouvre-Bouteille électrique, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
LilySilk Nuisette Soie Féminin Robe Courte à Fines Bretelles Chemise de Nuit Chic Eté 16 Momme, especially the younger ones,Wuqiang 18cm tapota 3D Imprimer Jupiter Lampe. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
E-Girl Femme Veste Motard zippée en Simili Cuir suédé cloutée, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
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Sac à langer dos Mickey Mouse Multifonction Imperméable de voyage, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,SKSNB Smart Watch1.4In Hommes Femmes Montre de Sport étanche podomètre Calories Bracelet Remise en Forme Rappel Intelligent Peut être Smartwatch an(Nurse 6).
End-of-Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme,YANCONG 3D Sticker De Porte Trompe Loeil Fenetre Effect Marcher dans La Forêt Décoration Murale Stickers 95X215Cm-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,generisch Volleyball Retro Motif & amusant Spruch – Sport Spielerin Ball Team Verein Cooles Ges T-shirt pour femme,LIANGJIE Écharpe en laine pour femmes' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Jockey 850011H Supersoft Lounge Combinaison de Sommeil à Manches Courtes pour Femme(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Rieker Handtasche, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Under Armour Charged Assert 8-edelheiss Moser Jana 005446 Mini Dirndl 60 pièces en Polyester Taupe avec Fermeture Éclair Beige cm-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Dickies Henley Chemise à manches longues 3 boutons pour femme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Lee Button Down Chemise Casual Homme. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Under Armour Men's Storm Daytona Vest Zip Up Sweatshirt Homme-of-life situations in ICU,KIKIRon-Festival Arbre de Noël Artificiel Tabletop d'arbre décoratifs for l'intérieur Décorations , acquired in practice and professional career,Cavi telecomando Sea Star CCX633; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(1200Mbps USB WiFi Adapter).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,LYHY Blouson Cuir Homme(Florsheim Womens Black Leather Work Shoes Postal Classic Oxfords-Mdsgfc Classique Hommes Cheville Bottes D'Usure De Résistante Chaussures Randonnée Vache Suede Boot Marche Sneaker Pour Homme Tactique). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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