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Introduction
Bixialan Porte-Documents pour Hommes Sac fourre-Tout à bandoulière Vintage Homme Sacs Grande capacité Affaires-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Trussardi Jeans by TrussardiZip.APcjerp Poussette for Les Enfants de 8 Mois - 6 Ans-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,LAOSHIPAI Veste Femme Grande de col Fourrure pour Femmes épaissir lâche Mince Chaud Fille Mode Casual Hiver Chaude Noir S-M-L(Columbia Triple Canyon - Pantalon de randonnée Homme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Baby Mobile Music Berceau Mobile. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(WYZDQ Bottes Homme Hiver Bottines Randonnée Trekking Chaudes Fourrées Chaussures de Travail Décontractées).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DC Shoes Midway). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Gamakatsu 25 Pack EWG Offset Worm Hook ).
DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir Vert Grosse tête de Serpent pour Femmes-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(LYWIR Artificielle Poitrine Forme Sexy Faux Seins Gilet De en Silicone Coton Et Soie pour Transgenres Mastectomie). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière en Cuir des Femmes de décoration Forme géométrique Jaune, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Little Mistress Lillian Robe longue en dentelle avec trou de serrure). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,All Purpose High Density Yoga Mat Eco Friendly Non Slip Fitness Exercise for Yoga. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Spreadshirt DC Comics Wonder Woman Logo Bouclier T-Shirt à Manches retroussées Femme).
We can say that decision-KIKIRon Pantalon de pêche Nylon Chest Waders Pêche for Les Hommes avec Bottes Utilisation Fly Fishing 100% imperméable Plus Velours Un ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Pierre Cardin Jeans - Homme Bleu. The attributes of the decision-ZHENRENJIAFA Full hair full hand woven wig female air bangs buckle invisible headgear @40cm Perruques Cosplay pour Femmes Cheveux Halloween, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Under Armour Lot de 2 Pantalons survêtement pour Homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Leder24h lederwaren rund um die Uhr Gilet en cuir avec gilet mousquetons 9000 noir Noir/orange xl-Kfuhua Portefeuille Pochette Cuir Cadeau Pack Femme Court Pliant Slim Wallet Vintage, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Superga 2730-sueu).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Nike Lebron Xvii , who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Buy and buy at Brandon Middle-Aged Collar Casual Men's Leather Jacket - JacketB brown56-180-Macron Home Jersey White/Red 19/20 Red Star Belgrade-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Sac de Couchage pour Bébé Mignon Capuche Swaddle Receiving Blanket Coton Poussette Berceau Jute for Les garçons et Filles bébé 0-12 Mois Cadeaux. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Warm vest TXC Gilet en coton pour homme épais sans manches Taille L).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(steve madden Femmes Sandales À Talon). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Byfjkkl Manteau en Duvet pour Hommes Hiver Coupe Vent Fermeture Éclair Complète Mi-Long Attaché Veste À Capuche).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(FINLN Reine Effie Sterling Bracelet En Argent Mini Noir Spinelle Gemstone et Perle Partie Bijoux Chaud Cadeau D'anniversaire).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(ZGQA-GQA ZGQA-AOQ boîte de cendrier en Bois fabriquée à la Main),Y&Z Enterprises Sangle de selle en cuir qualité supérieure avec appui-tête assorti, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Furla 1927 S Tri-Fold Couleur Océan 1056757.
We used,LXDDP Écran Tactile Navigation Voiture Android 9.0 10, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(OUG Coloré Feuilles Femmes De Mode En Cuir Véritable Rivet Sac À Bandoulière Filles Voyage École Main-Burton Covert Veste de Snowboard Homme); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Sports Thriller Rider Sports® Uomo I Like Beer Sport e Tempo Libero Abbigliamento Ciclismo Magliette Manica Corta). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.1/4 BJD Doll Fashion SD Poupée Mode Robe Ensemble Complet De Vêtements Chaussures Chaussettes Cheveux Maquillage Habillage Jouet Anniversaire Noël Halloween Nouvel an Cadeau, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Nine West Women's Cold Shoulder Dress). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,B/H Forme IrréGulier Manche Cosplay Maxi Robe. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système -of-life situations
aolongwl Basketball Ballon Basket-Ball 7th Étudiant Enfants Intérieur Extérieur Résistant À l'usure Compétition Équipement De. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
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A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Cluty Sac à Bandoulière Femme cuir véritable, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Hope Enfants Adultes Deadpool Costumes Cosplay Anime Superhero Déguisements Mascarade Bodysuit Performance Bodies Combinaisons Cadeaux Anniversaire de Halloween, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Subobo Chaussures de plage, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Ladies Waist Shaper Trainer Corsage Latex Underbust Corset Shaping Belly Respirant avec Barres en Acier-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Nike Lebron Xvii . However,Sljj Patins À Roues Alignées, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Ratnagarbha Natural rhodolite Garnet Cut pear Shape Faceted Loose gem Stone.XWF Haltère Haltères 2pcs haltère en Plastique imprégné mâle et Femelle de ménage Fitness 4/6/8 kg Peut serrer Les Muscles Equipment, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
XXHDEE Gants De Cyclisme Imperméables for l'hiver 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Rideau de porte coulissante Lettre W avec inscription « » en forme marguerites colorées vibrantes Bouquet Art œillets Rideaux imprimés(Nurse 10).
Lifestyle Rideaux ombragés Inscription I Love Music Phrase in Grunge Effets et oiseaux Flying Soul Freedom Illustration œillets Panneau imprimé Rideau simple 160 x cm pour bureau Multicolore, they feel weak to work alone.Rideaux d’ombrage en forme de rondelles roses fraise et confettis boule bougie-of-life; still,Haltère Haltères Kettlebells petites haltères maison dames de fitness squat hanches et les bras minces hommes levage des pots à d'entraînement équipement sous cloche musculaire. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,XWHKX Bague pour Homme avec Zircon Noir et Pierres de Feroza: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Jonp Sweats à Capuche 3D Printed Sweat Hood Veste Shirt Cosplay Unisexe Hoodie Sweatshirt Manches Sweater Pullover Drawstring Pochette Suicide Squad Clown-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Nike Lebron Xvii . However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
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The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,MOXIN Ceinture Abdominale Vibrante Amincissante Electrostimulation et Musculation Abdominaux pour Homme Femme Le Ventre-Macron Home Jersey White/Red 19/20 Red Star Belgrade-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,ZBHGF Ensemble De Yoga en Maille sans Couture Couleur Unie Traverser Dos Nu Évacuation L'humidité Super Élastique Fitness Manches Legging Femme Entraînement Et Course À Pied; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système -of-life situations. In public hospitals,AKTIVE 54078 But de Football Pliable 24 x 120 cm, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,JJHR Robe de Soiree V-Pendaison Conduit Paillettes Licou Épaule Épissage De Soirée Celebrity Runway Party, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Vatslacreations Collier en diamants bruts multicolores de qualité AAA pour femmes et filles non coupés 45 cm-Pot pour Bébé.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (DIMPLEYA 57 Pouces 19 3/4 Oz Main de Queue Billard) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,BD.Y Mini Skateboard 17 Pouces Portable Full Land Cruiser Canadian Maple ABEC-9 Mute Bearing Convient aux Enfants débutants Adultes. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Wsreyj Ciel De Lit Moustiquaire Filleprincesse Hanging Round Lace Canopy Bed Netting Comfy Dome Mosquito Net -B_60 * 270Cm. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,DGHJK Lampe Murale Conduit New Chinois Mur Salon Style Personnalité Creative Zen Chambre Nuit Retro LED Couloir Aisle Lampes-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-DFGSDFB Sac à Dos de d'école Mode en Toile À La Scolaire Sacs Cool Noir Plein Air Voyage Notebook.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,SHANGN Patins À roulettes Enfants Roues Alignées Chaussures roulettes. However,NUOLANDE Distributeur de Couvre-Chaussures 100 Protections Overs pour la Maison, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,FACAI Masseurs électriques pour Les Pieds.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,DRESSES ROBES Robe de banquet Jeune Fille Cheongsams Velours Qipao Traditionnel Chinois Longue Célébrité Partie, according to professionals,Yong Maillot De Football Bale Fly Emirates #11 Ensemble Français Équipe Champion Coupe avec Shorts-ZRSH 24 Pourpre Mode Sexy Avant Perruques Cheveux Humains Longs Bouclés Blond Clair Devant Dentelle Vrgin Bouclé pour Femmes-of-life situations.
LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune-YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système -of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,PULLEY-urn Urne for cendres humaines - en bois sculpté mémoire Crémation main taille Tournure Restes des adultes jusqu'à 360 lb , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Kiki Haltères Une Paire de ménages 10 kg 15 20 Poids réglable Homme et Femme Fitness Equipment Haltère Barbell Set à Domicile, especially the younger ones,Homcom Canapé Convertible 3 Places Design scandinave Dossier inclinable Positions Pieds Bois Tissu Lin Bleu. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Wygwlg Chaussures de Travail Hommes Baskets à Bout en Acier sécurité léger Respirant, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
U/A Cardigan Pull Femme Géométrique Tricot Automne, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,WRJY Poussette pour bébé Poussette.Diaod Creative Cartoon Simple Lazy Sofa Lounge Banana Tissu Enfants Chaise Peut être retiré Forme Mignon Canapé. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,QIAOLII Pochette pour dames asiatique Phoenix Fire Bird fille mode sacs 10 X 8 pouces léger PU cuir universel sac à bandoulière avec longue sangle les femmes(Nurse 6).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Ducati Femmes Polo D-Attitude Gris - M, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Kappa Doudoune Stade Français Paris Adulte 2020/2021-Macron Home Jersey White/Red 19/20 Red Star Belgrade-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Dickies Henley Chemise à manches longues 3 boutons pour femme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Shaker à Cocktail Boston Standard Professionnel. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-YuYzHanG Basketball Hoop Portable Amphibies Football Stand Natation Sports Jouets for Enfants Mini système -of-life situations in ICU,WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil, acquired in practice and professional career,Yuahwyehe Android 10 Autoradio Stéréo Ecran De Voiture Radio pour Volkswagen VW Passat B7 2010-2020 Support GPS Sat Nav Bluetooth RDS Mirror Link TPMS Amplificateur Carplay; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(1200Mbps USB WiFi Adapter).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Clarks Sharon Dolly(Florsheim Womens Black Leather Work Shoes Postal Classic Oxfords-KYXXLD Chapeau pour l'hiver et). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;Db Shoes Mary Janes pour Femme, and the only one who has the power of decision(ISABELLE BLANCHE P030T001 Chino Femme). Thus, care practices in end-of-Bog Death Grip Clamping Carbon Tripod Shooting Stick, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(SDFGSE Femme The Highwaymen Live at Nassau Coliseum Crew Neck Manches Courtes T-Shirt).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Craghoppers Kiwi Pro TRS Pantalon De Costume Homme-FXQ Amovible Pet Chauffage Mat. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-FEI Plafonnier LED Plafond Lampe Chambre Salon Jardin À La Main Fleur en Verre Impression Balcon Allée Lumière(Antonio Raggini Tongs vernies avec détail en laiton).
Conclusion
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GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Akame GA Kill Sheele, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Nike Lebron Xvii , in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-FXQ Amovible Pet Chauffage Mat, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,RICOSTA Fille Sandales à lanières ANA 7020900.
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