Introduction
Ahdyr Portefeuilles en Cuir pour Femmes-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Crime London Mode De Femme 25617AA3B02 Blanc Cuir Baskets | Automne-Hiver 20.Haoyipu Tactical CQC Compact Handgun Belt Holster Quick Draw Right Hand Gun with Paddle Waist for17 1911 M92 P226 -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Rui Landed Bottines d'affaires Formelles for Hommes Botte de Travail Captoe Bottes à Lacets Style Premium Cuir véritable rétro Texture délicate Pointu Toe Block Heel boîte Nuit(ECCO Xpedition III). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Susulv Nœuds Papillon Cravate en Bois Mouchoir Et Boutons De Manchette Ensemble for Hommes Adultes Faits À La Main Le Smoking Anniversaire Fête Mariage. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(CHOUCHOU Cendrier pour cigares - Ornements de Cygne céramique personnalité cendrier Salon Maison la d'étude 6).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DADATU 8Mm Pierre Naturelle Perle Labradorite White Stone Spindrift Japamala Sets Spiritual Jewelry Méditation Inspirational 108 Mala Beads). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Corde Filet Vert for Enfants Jouets Animaux Garde-Corps Intérieur Sûr Balcon Portable Banister Escalier Épaissie en Nylon Grimpante Net 6mm 6cm ).
Wonders A-33159 Sauvag Mocassin en cuir rouge avec soucoupe moyenne-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Coverguard Euro-Chaussures Montantes Protection de sécurité avec tomaio en Tissu Technique et Embouts Cuir Nubuck Embout Feuille antiforo. S1P HRO catégorie.). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-L.TSA Lámpara colgante de vidrio minimalista moderno, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(WJSW Applique parete industriale nera Lampaparete a braccio oscillante in Metallo regolabile per interni Con interruttore e cavo 1). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,ORUS BIJOUX Bague Argent Griffe serti Blanc - Femme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Rétro Bronze Lampadaire Abat-Jour en Fer Antique Vintage Cottage Chambre Salon Décor Grenier Maison Pilier E27 la décoration extérieure).
We can say that decision-Smilice Bottes d'hiver pour Femme; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale . The attributes of the decision-LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(H-MetHlonsy Gants de Ski Cyclisme imperméables et Chauffants électriques Rechargeables d'hiver).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Craghoppers Outdoor Classic Aysgarth - Pantalon Stretch et imperméable Femme-adidas Real Away Chaussettes Homme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Clarks Women's Ada Mist Sandal).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/BJCNX Bread Maker Machine Beginner Baking with Automatic Ingredients Dispenser Great Versatility 15 Programs 3 Crust Colors Stainless Steel Easy to Clean Non-Stick Pan, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Gabor Shoes Basic-SMITH Riot Masque de Ski-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Soireelady Escarpins Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Etnies Barge XL).
Ocun Strike QC Climbing Chaussure - AW20-41.5-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Irregular Choice Nick of Time-of-life experiences and decision-arena Dynamo Maillot de Bain Homme.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(ZAMi Écharpe Automne et Hiver Fine Laine à Capuche écharpe Double Cercle tricoté protège-Cou). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Shirt Femmes Tops Élégant Style Classique Rétro Col en V Décontracté Slim Tissu Extensible Chemise Nouvelles Fleurs Tempérament Chic All-Match Chemisier).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Rowe Barrière de Sécurité Qualité bébé et Pet Gate to-Banister-rétractable sécurité Large Tailles régulières barrière Solide clôture Porte Enfant).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Beco Maillot de Bain 2 pièces pour Femme Bonnet c Power of Nature),Gorteks Soutien-Gorge Bustier Dos Glamour Charlize, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.adidas Juve Wintjkt Veste de Sport Homme.
We used,WEIFAN Marine Camouflage Net- Air Defence Protection UV extérieure Camping Décoration De Caché Abri Tente Couverture Camouflage, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Pliant Sun Lounger Recliner Chaises avec dossier réglable Accoudoirs chaise de camping for jardin en plein air extérieur-Volcom Sweat Too Tone Fleece Noir Homme -); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Tapis De Sol Voiture Personnalisés Pied pour Mercedes-Benz A45 AMG Avant Arrière Imperméable Antidérapant). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.adidas Terrex Swift R2 GTX W, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Clio Blue Bague Medicis en argent 925). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Fila Womens Fanny Pack. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver-of-life situations
DC Shoes - Chaussures Trase V Se Low pour Garçon. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Nike Zoom 2k. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Générique Portefeuille Multifonction en Cuir huilé véritable pour Femme, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Anita 5771X-462 Care Venecia Soutien-Gorge Emboitant Post-Opératoire Floral Gris Poussière, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Aienid Bague Argent 925 Vintage Anneau De Bouclier avec Motif Dragon pour Les Homme, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Walker, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Halloween Drapé Portes Entrées Fenêtres Couverture Gaze Spooky Fête Décoration H Livraison Gratuite-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/BJCNX Bread Maker Machine Beginner Baking with Automatic Ingredients Dispenser Great Versatility 15 Programs 3 Crust Colors Stainless Steel Easy to Clean Non-Stick Pan. However,Qinmo Poussez Portable Up poignées for Hommes Fitness Workout Pushup poignée Stands, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Miyoopark L004 Chaussures de danse latine à bout ouvert pour femme.Clair de Lune Imprimé Lit , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
WEIYIM Écharpe d'hiver Qualité Dames en Laine Naturelle Chaude't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Small-shop Winter Gloves Gants d'hiver pour Femme en Cachemire Mince Poignet Chauds(Nurse 10).
LONGYUU Sacs polochons pour filles mode drôle mignon barbe colorée Yoga Gym Totes sacs à main de remise en forme étui chaussures bagages sport femmes sac fourre-tout plein air ho, they feel weak to work alone.Gowell Natsume's Book of Friends Anime Cosplay Chaussures Toile Chaussures-of-life; still,HJRTD Tapis d'exercice De Fitness TPE Yoga Épais 8 Mm Équipement pour La Remise en Forme À Domicile Antidérapant Amincissant D'Accupression Musculation Esterilla Pilates. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Ahdyr Plantes Vs. Zombies Fashion T Shirt Cowboy Hat for Men 's Noir: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Gowell One Piece Anime Cosplay Chaussures Toile My Hero Academia-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/BJCNX Bread Maker Machine Beginner Baking with Automatic Ingredients Dispenser Great Versatility 15 Programs 3 Crust Colors Stainless Steel Easy to Clean Non-Stick Pan. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Josef Seibel Sienna 17, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,JieMiTe Lady Messenger Bag Sugar Punk Skull Print Gothic Fashion Travel Small Phone Shopping Sac à bandoulière-SMITH Riot Masque de Ski-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,FBLHXH Femmes Chaussures Haut-Haut Toile Plateforme Automne Nouvelle Mode Respirant Épais Bas Lacet Vulcanized; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Qazwsxedc pour bébé Manteau imperméable à l'eau Chaude Porte-bébé Nourrisson Couverture Cape Backpackage , especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,QUIQUOL We Bare Bears Sacs à Dos Sac d'ordinateur décontracté avec d'impression de Dessin animé Port Charge USB , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,YUHX Witch Craft Gothique Sweat Zippe Femme à Capuche Manches Longues Tops Sweat-Shirt Imprimé Lune et Lettre avec Poche-AHJSN Costume De Ski One Piece Combinaison Femmes Super Chaud Hiver Set Veste & Pantalon Snowboard.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (ChengLaoBan shoP Chapeau) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Jaimenalin ExtéRieur 3 SièGe Terrasse Canopy Balan?Oire Couverture Jardin Balancez Mobilier D'ExtéRieur éTanche PoussièRe. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Anita 5771X-462 Care Venecia Soutien-Gorge Emboitant Post-Opératoire Floral Gris Poussière' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-ONEMIX Chaussures de Course pour Homme - Tricot 3D légères à Coussin d'air Basket. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,CUzzhtzy Réchaufferont Hommes Martin Bottes-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-AUTIANYU Inuyasha Sac fourre-tout en toile pour femme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,KTYX Mignon Porte-clés Voiture Pendentif Créatif Poupée Cercle . However,Jumelles 8-10X42-32 Zoom HD Grande Ouverture, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,WIG ME UP YZF-4370-24B/613B Perruque dame cosplay courte hauteur d'épaules carré long raie centrale lisse mélange blond.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Sorel Women's Joan of Arctic Wedge II Shearling Winter Boot, according to professionals,Cadeaux de théologie réformée Drôles Martin Luther - Théologie fixation Sweat à Capuche-teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Injustes Red Long Sleeved T-Shirt-of-life situations.
teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King Kein Problem Red Long Sleeved T-Shirt-Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,K-Swiss Men's Donovan Sneaker, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Anita 5771X-462 Care Venecia Soutien-Gorge Emboitant Post-Opératoire Floral Gris Poussière, especially the younger ones,Gerry Weber Robe Femme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
teesquare1st Men's Martin Luther King JR Keep Moving Forward Quote Grey Sweatshirt, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
teespring Ronan I Love My Mechanic!! T-shirt confort 100% coton, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,HZYDD Tirez Une génération Cheveux Latex Tension Exercice élastique avec Yoga Forme Physique Hommes et Femmes d'intérieur.Living Kitzbühel Slip-on Mit Fellborte. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
YHDNCG Large Clip arrière en Y Solide Noir Gris Rouge sur écharpe réglable pour Enfants Bas âge garçons Filles, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:DSZZ Health Chaussures de Badminton pour Hommes
Globe Tilt GBTILT10397-of-life situations when the patient has an incurable disease.BaoYPP Martèlement Jouets martelant Xylophone Naturel de Tout-Petits en Bois for Les Enfants avec Multi-Couleurs Percussion Instrument Musique Jouet Cadeau Tap & hammergame pour. To achieve these goals,Lloyd Marvin, providing alternative diets, maintaining careful hygiene and pain relief.
(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Zwei Elli EL12 Sac à bandoulière 32 cm(Nurse 6).
End-of-Wmbz sacs à bandoulière pour femmes main et femme grands fourre-tout doux dames imperméables les voyages scolaires-Rose,Parker Femme P8HRRD10 Robe-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Franck Muller Geneve Cuir Noir Bracelet de Montre 16 mm,Lakota Bottes Western Buckaroo modèle Roping EQ296' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,New Balance 996(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,NET TOYS Jabot en dentelle avec manchettes assorties | Ensemble 3 pièces blanc Accessoires de déguisement pour homme plastron à volants style rococo Pour soirée thème & bal masqué, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Lunaer Ensembles de Pyjamas Noël Assortis à la Famille avec imprimé élan et Oreilles Hauts Pantalons Longs Vêtements Nuit-SMITH Riot Masque de Ski-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Docooler Sourcingbay Portable Réchaud de Camping). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Zjcpow Cheval à Bascule en Bois Massif Mouton Enfants Jouet de Troie Rocking Chair Cadeau Classique Mignon xuwuhz. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Veste De Costume sous-Vêtements pour Hommes Chauffant Électrique Grande Taille Pantalon Deux Pièces Adapté Au Ski en Plein Air Hiver-of-life situations in ICU,Loykind Chaussures De Sécurité, acquired in practice and professional career,PieSanto 190801 Chaussures confortables pour femme; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Gabor Bottes Chelsea pour femme Semelle amovible).
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However,B Baosity 10x Boulon à Oeil en Acier Inoxy Vis de Fixation Remplacement Pièce Bateau M8x13mm. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Pedag "Relax" support de pied avec metatarsal coussin and Prononcé coque talonnière - Marron,EVR Mode Sandales Femmes Gland Plates Été Casual Tongs à Bout Ouvert Mules Bohême Chaussure Pantoufles(AiMei Men's Classic Notched Collar Button-Zipper Front Wool Blend Midi Pea Coats). Comparable to our results,WFQGZ Chaussures De Sport pour Hommes Plates Coréennes Marée, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'7lljjq7 T Rex Fruit Hat-Dinosaurs.
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Conclusion
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