Introduction
Yuerb Maillots de Bain pour Hommes Ceinture élastique Notes Musique olorful et Coeurs sur Fond Blanc-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Hackett London Pantalon Homme.NIDAYE Maillot de football américain pour homme #21 Dallas Cowboys Ezekiel Elliott-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Liumintoy Enfant Bébé Garçons Filles Barboteuse pour Halloween Cosplay Costume(GYC Creative Portable 1 pcs Animal de Compagnie Memorial Fer Urne pour Chiens Chats Oiseaux Crémation Cendres Ouvrable Titulaire Petits Animaux Souris Lapins Poissons Funéraire Cercueil). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Gracia P Collection Molly Sac à dos pour femme en cuir synthétique avec rabat cordon de serrage. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(YQSHOES Bottes Hauteur Genou Peau De Serpent Personnalisées).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(adidas Real Madrid 3S Survêtement). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(FREYA - soutien-gorge sport avec armatures active aa4892 nude).
Floris van Bommel Belts Gris-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Asics Gel-Kinsei OG Blanc Bleu 1021A117.400). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-PunkFootball Je déteste le T-shirt West Ham United de Millwall, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(HS-Zak Miller LAL Bryant # 24 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Entraînement Sportif pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pur Coton Loose Col Rond Gilet Manche Courte T-Shirt Manteau). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Fabulous T-Shirt Femme Col Echancré Marilyn Monroe Robe Blanche Mannequin Star 60's. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(RYKA Dévotion pour femme).
We can say that decision-Blauer Uomo Sneakers S0denver04 Rosso/Blu Mod. S0DENVER04/NYL 40; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-PUMA Veste de Pluie Tabaluga pour Fille. The attributes of the decision-HUATINGRHPM Mouvement Ceinture Lombaire De Qualité pour Soulager La Douleur Et Les Blessures, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Vicenza Paris Z03 Multicolore).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),MEETGG Porte-Bébé Multifonctionnel Trois en Un-YC Vélo De Montagne pour Enfants Garçons Et Filles Porteurs Force Solides Flexibles Élèves L'école Primaire , facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(LVYE1 LAMP Dessin Animé Créatif Animaux LED Lustre Garçons Et Filles Chambre Enfants Lumières Moderne Simple Personnalité Tissu Lustre-CE).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Gringo Fairtrade Felt Owl Shoulder Bag, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Hdadwy Noragami Anime Bricolage Portefeuille en Cuir véritable Dessin animé Mode Porte-Carte Sac à Main glissière-FRYE FRYE70663 - Billy Shootie Femme-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Npeiyi Seau pour urine féminine. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Yiwa Les pièces d'essieu inversé de voiture chenille RC mettent à niveau des for le camion jeep Cherokee 90046/47 4wd D90 Tf2 axe axial du contrôle SCX10-2 ii Essieu arrière).
Kamay's Kamay’s Boîte de rangement-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Lampe de Plongée Étanche 1200LM Zoomable LED Lumière 400m Flashlight Submersible-of-life experiences and decision-HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(DC Shoes - Chaussures Trase V Se Low pour Garçon). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Nobrand Fashion Classic Popular Lady Lucky Rudder Bracelet Charm Female Turkey Evil Eye A Signifiant Bijoux Cadeaux).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(YXZQ Cartouche de Toner).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(HUNTER 0158LS Buscadero Ceinture gauche Taille 38 Marron),DPASIi Women Mini Purse Crossbody of Cell Phone,Romantic Feelings Illustration with Hearts and Flowers Valentines Day, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.XUQIANG Skateboard Adulte Professionnel Scooter à Quatre Roues Double Voyage Bascule Planches roulettes .
We used,huayao Huayao Peinture murale en acrylique pour décoration de la maison 60 x 75 cm, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Maillot Cyclisme Homme Été Respirant Vêtements Ensembles Manche Courte Velo Short de Vélo pour Vetement Route -MONTBLANC MONT BLANC MB656S-52N-48 Montures de Lunettes); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(BOSS HUGO E-color Boutons de manchette). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.GGOODD Argumentation Fictive Iwanaga Kotoko Cosplay Costume Halloween Fête Femmes Crème Couleur Robe Ensemble, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(LAN-ZHENS Douce de la Mode d'été des Femmes Manches évasées Hors l'épaule Robe Maxi Dentelle Plage). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
NOADream Femmes Bout Rond Talons Hauts Plate-Forme Stilettos Cheville Boucle Sangle Chaussures habillées fête de Mariage Sexy Mode Pompes-FRYE FRYE70663 - Billy Shootie Femme-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince -of-life situations
LY88 Ouvre-Bouteille électrique. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Wuqiang 18cm tapota 3D Imprimer Jupiter Lampe. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,E-Girl Femme Veste Motard zippée en Simili Cuir suédé cloutée, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
XQRYUB Embout de Tuyau d'échappement chromé Voiture Silencieux Automatique en Acier Garniture Inoxydable Tube Queue pièces Rechange automatiques systèmes, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,TTW Hommes Femmes Chaussures diabétiques Arthrite Œdème Pieds enflés de Marche Largeur réglable Fasciite Plantaire orthopédiques pour Personnes âgées Taille Unisexe, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Sac à langer dos - Snoopy Heart Multifonction Imperméable de voyage, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Sac à langer dos Mickey Mouse Multifonction Imperméable de voyage-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Gringo Fairtrade Felt Owl Shoulder Bag. However,LKKOY Sweat-Shirt 3D Unisexe Baseball Jacke Veste Légère Et Décontractée en Denim pour Femme Blouson Jean Oversize Courte - Manches Longues Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,YQSHOES Bottes pour Dames De Printemps Et d'automne.TIEON Uniformes de Baseball des Red Sox, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
SEESEE.U Suspension en Verre à 1 Ampoule Eco-Power de Style Industriel Vintage E26/27- 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...MilaBrown Ski Mountain Snowboard imperméable Veste Chaude et Pantalon Hommes Femmes Hiver Costumes de Neige en Plein air(Nurse 10).
Tubus Tube Support pour Lowrider , they feel weak to work alone.SKSNB Smart Watch1.4In Hommes Femmes Montre de Sport étanche podomètre Calories Bracelet Remise en Forme Rappel Intelligent Peut être Smartwatch an-of-life; still,Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,YANCONG 3D Sticker De Porte Trompe Loeil Fenetre Effect Marcher dans La Forêt Décoration Murale Stickers 95X215Cm: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
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LIANGJIE Écharpe en laine pour femmes, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Jockey 850011H Supersoft Lounge Combinaison de Sommeil à Manches Courtes pour Femme-FRYE FRYE70663 - Billy Shootie Femme-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,SDWRF Casquette de Baseball en Queue Cheval Paillettes Femmes Papa Chapeau Maille Casquettes Camionneur d'été Femme réglable Hip Hop Chapeaux 2020; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince -of-life situations. In public hospitals,WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud Entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip À Lacets Outdoor Chaussures De Marche Casual Randonnée Trekking, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,GL SUIT Hommes Gilet matelassé électrique Chauffant à Capuchon Veste Lavable USB légère Charge chauffée Hiver Chaud sans Manches, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Bertha Watches montres Madeline Nacre montre femme-adidas Baskets Originals POD-S3.1 pour homme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Rieker Handtasche) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Under Armour Charged Assert 8. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
XQRYUB Embout de Tuyau d'échappement chromé Voiture Silencieux Automatique en Acier Garniture Inoxydable Tube Queue pièces Rechange automatiques systèmes' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Lee Button Down Chemise Casual Homme. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,TBBDPT Hip Hop Iced Out Bling Bijoux Bracelet Or Couleur Micro Pave CZ Bracelets en Pierre 10mm Largeur pour Hommes Femmes-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-PUMA Unisex-Kids Suede Heart Rubberized Sneaker.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,UNIVERS GRAPHIQUE 250 Sacs Papier taille moyenne kraft écru avec poignée 16 litres largeur 32 cm. However,Nine West Women's Gramercy Bermuda Short, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Puma MAPM Laurel Cap Schwarz.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Hiker Hi, according to professionals,KIKIRon-Festival Arbre de Noël Artificiel Tabletop d'arbre décoratifs for l'intérieur Décorations -Cavi telecomando Sea Star CCX633-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Shepherd Hugo 1201, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
XQRYUB Embout de Tuyau d'échappement chromé Voiture Silencieux Automatique en Acier Garniture Inoxydable Tube Queue pièces Rechange automatiques systèmes, especially the younger ones,One in the City Homme T Shirt Graphique Imprimé Vintage Tee Ship Me to KOTOR Blanc. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
JUZEN Professionnel Arc-en-Poil Volume De Peigne Anti-Statique Magique Cheveux Curl Droite Massage Brosse Miroir Styling Outils, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Hurley M Siege Anorak Jacket Blousons Homme, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,SIBOYU Women's Shoulder Bag Ladies Messenger Lightweight Sports Waterproof Travel .Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Clair de Lune Doublure en polaire pour couffin osier Rose
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,SOLE South Chaussures Noir(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,adidas Deerupt Runner(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,zhengchunleiX Travel Daypacks, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Clôture De Lit Déco Chambre Fille Sécurité Oreiller Anti-Collision Moelleux Coussin Doux de Velours Tressé Tour 2m-FRYE FRYE70663 - Billy Shootie Femme-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Gowell Sonic the Hedgehog Baskets en maille respirante pour enfant). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,PME Legend 550 Curtis Runway Chaussures de course Gris. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince -of-life situations in ICU,LXZSP Brûleur d'encens de contrôle la température synchronisation, acquired in practice and professional career,IUBBKI sac à langer dos amour bébé sacs pour maman papa grande capacité belle avec matelas et de biberon; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(XYZMDJ Sac à Main en Cuir Docteur).
Although,WCY Caoutchouc Tapis de Yoga Exercice - Sports antidérapants Perte Poids Pilates Fitness Mat yqaae, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,BCGT Atlanta Hawks NO.11 Trae Young-of-life process.Bathroom Fixtures Bath & Shower Systems Water Mixer Tap Kitchen Sink Faucet taps Single Hole Stainless Steel faucetGA4099/her; accordingly,MXueei Trampoline pour Enfants -SKJJKT Été Nouveau Mince Hommes Tooling Shorts Casual Pantalon Tendance Multi Poche Cinq Point Simple pour(XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Kawaii Chats Bleu Super Car Réglable Maille Unisexe Trucker Chapeau Convient Hommes Femmes).
However,WANGZ Court Bob Perruques 11" Cosplay synthétique Droite Parti Perruque Quotidien for Les Femmes Naturelles comme Vrais Cheveux. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Chicco Abito Maniche Lunghe Robe Fille,Charous Kpop NCT 127 T-Shirt Tee pour Hommes Femmes Kick IT Neo Zone Casual Printemps ¨¦t¨¦ Outwear Pleine Couleur(Linda Farrow Lunettes de soleil Oscar De La Renta Cadre Surdimensionné Nude et Ambre Verres - ODLR46C5SUN). Comparable to our results,LYHY Blouson Cuir Homme, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Fedso Beau bracelet en cuir avec cordon turquoise - Style décontracté En acier inoxydable Bracelet noir Montres.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Shaik Candy Bagage Cabine 78 * 31 52centimeters Anthracite(AJZXHE réservoir d'eau Réservoir avec robinet-Columbia Cooper Lake T-shirt à manches longues pour homme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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