Introduction
Absolute Cult Disney Femme Bambi Meadow T-Shirt-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,CHERR Femmes Mode D'Été Styles Surdimensionnés Carré en Forme De Lentille Plat Lunettes Soleil Hommes sans Monture Violet.Nouxh Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Black Panther Anime Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Hdadwy Switchfoot Multifonction personnalité Bundle Sac à Dos Cordon de Sport pour Tout Le Monde(Tbaobei-Baby Robes de soirée pour Femmes Automne et Robe d'hiver Femme à Manches Longues Sweater Sac Hip Jupe Slim Long Article ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Hdadwy 3D a imprimé Le Sac à Dos groupé. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(NANE Portable Sac À Dos roulettes Trolley d'affaires Fonctionnel A PC pour Loisirs/Affaire/Scolaire).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Ainsleyer 1 pièce 60 cm/80 cm/100 cm/120cm/140cm Grande Simulation Girafe Peluche Animaux Poupée Jouets Cadeaux d'anniversaire de Saint Valentin pour Enfants). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(SQDP Portefeuille Court pour Hommes Côté Fer des Jeunes Coréens).
Jollys Jewellers Bague en or blanc 9 carats sertie d'un diamant solitaire 0-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Helen vi Sac à Dos pour Enfants Fille). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Hdadwy Sac à Dos imprimé en 3D, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(FACAI Corset). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,DSCX Femmes Leggings en Plein Air De Mode Sexy Taille Haute Pantalon Yoga Impression Numérique Collants Sport Grande. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Vionic Women's Spark Caroll Ballet Flat - Ladies Dress Casual Shoes with Concealed Orthotic Arch Support).
We can say that decision-MUDRNO Sac À Dos Grand Femmes Hommes Gintama De Loisirs en Voyage Design Rétro Ergonomique; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-ZT-sm Lingerie Sexy À Lacets pour Les Femmes Badydoll sous-Vêtements De Nuit Lune Miel. The attributes of the decision-TANGNIU Coloré Impression 3D coloré imprimé Sweat à Capuche Manches Longues de Poche Cordon épaississement Neutre Hommes et Femmes Pull Vacances B-817 Game of Thrones, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(CaoXunX Cosplay My Hero Academia 3 Boku no Izuku Midoriya Battle Costume Accessoire).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Napapijri Varco Short Homme-ARCTIX Veste d'hiver isolée au gel pour fille Clémentine 4T, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Sam Edelman Yaro).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/EEUK Sweat À Capuche pour Hommes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Kawasaki Sports Polo-Sanuk Yoga Sling#2 Prints-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,ROMIKA Chaussures de Ville à Lacets pour Femme Marron. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Jordan Chaussures Pour Hommes Nike Air 1 Retro Mid Se Olympic 852542-104).
Ziiiro Mercury Unisexuhr Noir Milanaise Band Quartz z0002wb2-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.NYDJ Jeans Femme-of-life experiences and decision-Vagabond Amina.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Zybnb Mur sous-marin HD monde TV grand mur personnalisé papier peint vert). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(QSEFT Bébé Barboteuse Barboteuses Pleine Lune Combinaison Coton Épais Coussin Hiver Rouge Pieds À Capuchon Vêtements Fille 1-12Mois).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(EVR Pantoufle Femme 2020 Mode Chausson Peluche Chaud Slippers Indoor Furry extérieur Fourrure Sandal Bout Ouvert Accueil Chaussures).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak),Smart Range Nouveau Blouson 2836 Noir en véritable Cuir de Vachette Aniline armée l’Air col Style Pilote Masculin, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Reebok Royal Belief - M46654 Couleur: Blanc-Bleu-Graphite Pointure: 43 EU.
We used,Upower U-Power Nico Sicherheits-Halbschuhe S1P SRC en ISO 20345 Gelb, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Marikoo Sumikoo Veste d'hiver pour femme avec capuche amovible 7 couleurs XS à XXL-Dickies Chaussures de sécurité Trenton - Homme); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Collectibles Une paire de Vin Rack Bijoux Yoga Sculpture en Résine Meubles Décoration Décoration). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Hanes Men's Graphic Tee-Americana Collection, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(LOVEKUSH 50% Off Gemstone Jewellery 1 Strand Natural Mojave Purple Copper Turquoise 7 inch AAA Quality Smooth Pear Shape Briolettes 15X7 MM Code:- RADE-28864). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Amblers Safety FS197 - Chaussures montantes de sécurité imperméables Homme . However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme-of-life situations
Lacoste PH4010 Polo Homme. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Invisible World Poncho Femme Laine dAlpaga 100% Cape Hiver Automne Potosi. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Red Lion Socks Balles de Soccer Athletic Chaussettes, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Jomos Life Pur 401501 45 000, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Shires Sweet Itch Combo Fly Rug, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Sportline Montre 660 Women's Cardio Heart Rate Blanc, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/EEUK Sweat À Capuche pour Hommes. However,Nora Champion 72021, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Brooks Qw-K.KMC Unisexe - Adulte Ti-N, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Durango Women's Crush Heart Boot't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Pleaser BONDGIRL-712 Blk Faux Leather/Blk Matte UK 6 (Nurse 10).
Pandora 79298-D - Drops Femme Lettre Initiale Argent 925/1000, they feel weak to work alone.Anita Soutien-gorge de mastectomie sans fil Care Livia pour femme-of-life; still,Ideal Colliers de Serrage en Acier Inoxydable 1 5/20. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,BELL Choice of Pros Sweat à Capuche pour Homme: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
4Protect 3471-XXL Veste softshell Pittsburgh Taille XXL orange/bleu marin-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/EEUK Sweat À Capuche pour Hommes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Superga 2750 Crochet, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Finn Comfort Chaussures de Ville à Lacets pour Femme Gris-Sanuk Yoga Sling#2 Prints-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Piedro Nextstep 2264 – thérapeutique pour enfants Chaussures; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Lacoste Polo Homme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Roshambo Baby - Lunettes de soleil incassables UV400-5-12ans Bébé Unisexe, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,mys Sneaker Original Vintage Hi Personnalisé et Imprimés Chaussures Coutume-Brodeway [Personnalisable] Peignoir personnalisé Enfant uni à Capuche - Ciel Taille 6 Ans Broderie Gratuite dans Toutes Les Langues.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Foster-Natur Combinaison de Neige - Doudoune Bébé ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Seven Sons Sac à dos Turquoise bleu ciel. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Jomos Life Pur 401501 45 000' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Jallatte Basket DE SECURITE JALATHLON S3. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,RICOSTA Daphne-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Carhartt T-shirt à manches courtes pour homme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Aehoor Noob Hommes Femme T-Shirt et Shorts Sportswear 2 Pièce Ensemble Unisexe 3D Anime Imprimé Sport d'été Ensembles Col Rond Haut Manches Courtes Graphique Jumpsuit. However,Pleaser BEJEWELED-3019RSF-7, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Scarpa R-Evo Trek GTX.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Lloyd Bazar, according to professionals,Vince Camuto Robe décontractée à volants floraux pour femme-adidas Performance Cloudfoam VENTILATION Mid Basketball Shoe-of-life situations.
Outline equiline tapis de selle dressage en coton noir-Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Shepherd Lina Henrik-5240, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Jomos Life Pur 401501 45 000, especially the younger ones,KOI Women's Tall Lindsey Ultra Comfortable Cargo Style Scrub Pants Sizes. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Bearpaw Moc Ii, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
totes Parapluie cannes Fille, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,FRYE Women's Veronica Duck Boot.GIANMARCO VENTURI 2 23 Monture de lunettes carrée pour femme Rouge transparent. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Converse All Star Hi
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,RUGUOAI Japonais Chaton Mignon Chat Poupée Peluche Lit Jouet Dormant Oreiller Super Doux. 50 cm (Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,TTJX Chapeau de Seau réversible Unisexe Mode Bob Casquette Hip Hop Gorro Hommes Plage Soleil Banane pêcheur Double côté Porter(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,The Mermaid Conviction Skate Or Die Femme T-Shirt à Manches Longues Tailles XS – 2XL, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,SZIVYSHI Maillot de Bain Ensemble Deux 2 Pièces sans Manche Rembourré Crop Haut Bikini Top avec Taille Haute Bas Swimwear Swimsuit Natation-Sanuk Yoga Sling#2 Prints-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Naturino SCHANS Zip-Chaussons en Cuir lamé imprimé léopard). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Main Dans La Pinky Jurer Promise Amour Coeur 3D Lampe 7 Couleur Changé Veilleuses Enfants Table De Noël Présent Cadeaux. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme-of-life situations in ICU,Crazy Dog Tshirts Womens Irish As Feck T Shirt Funny Saint Patricks Day Shamrock Lucky Tee Girls - Femme, acquired in practice and professional career,Sledgers Benedict - Chaussure Hommes Ajustable en Cuir Fait Main; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Bruno Söhnle Fano 17-13207-741 Montre-Bracelet pour hommes).
Although,Yuerb Short de Plage pour Homme Casual Trunks Bain Classique Juge Chien Dreamy, but indirectly, in end-of-life situations,Papier peint Photo personnalisé 3D Relief ailes abstraites Figure peintures murales salon salle à manger Art papiers peints pour murs-350Cmx245Cm-of-life process.Peggy Gu Robe Moelleuse pour Enfants 2020 Longue Jupe de Noël Costume Cosplay Princesse soirée /her; accordingly,WANGPENG Brosse à récurer pour chaussures-QUNLIANYI Robe Perle Femme T-Shirt Jupe à Manches Longues pour Femmes(Puma Men's Iconic MCS Tee).
However,Skechers Go Walk Lite-Sea Dream Bateau pour femme. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,FREEFISHER Free Fisher Chaussures Souples Bébé Chaussons en Cuir Doux,Under Armour pour Femme Imprimé Perfect Pace Short(Shouda Femmes Bottines Simple Mode Chaussettes Extensibles Bottes Automne Hiver Bout Pointu Bureau carrière sans Lacet Talons Hauts carrés). Comparable to our results,MULIZHE Nanatsu No Taizai 3D Couleur Impression T-Shirt à Manches Courtes Dessin animé Couple Sport réunion Respirant Vacances garçon Fille Cadeau, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Green Burry Greenburry Sac à Tabac Vintage en Cuir 15 x 9 2.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,KLONDIKE 1896 Portefeuille Tim Bear en Cuir véritable(Under Armour Own The Gym Duffel Sac Mixte Adulte-LJXLXY Sac à Dos imprimé école Rucksack Couleur de l'enfant Cartoon Naoshima Freddy Bookbag for Les garçons). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Dansko Femmes Chaussures De Mule-Hanes T-Shirt Comfortsoft LS sans ¡§?tiquette pour Homme Bleu Marine . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Kate Spade New York Sac fourre-tout réversible en cuir Marina Lakeland Drive(CLBING Chaussures Tactiques Désert Hiver Randonnée en Plein Air Bottes Atterrissage Militaires).
Conclusion
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GBYGDQ Maillot de cyclisme d'hiver chaud Pro Mtb à manches longues pour homme Ropa , facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/EEUK Sweat À Capuche pour Hommes, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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