Introduction
Des dessins de kung-fu à rythme cardiaque Mon cœur bat pour le Kung Fu - Heartbeat Graphic Manche Longue-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Under Armour Own The Gym Duffel Sac Mixte Adulte.Kadolis Matelas Landau Latex Blanc-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Clair de Lune Doublure en polaire pour couffin osier Rose(Serious Lamp Mode Bourse D'orgue pour Femmes Portefeuille en Cuir Grand Porte Monnaie et Porte-Cartes de Crédit Pochette à Fermeture éclair Sac Main Long). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Redskins Blouson Jet Jumper Junior - Jet-Jumper-Bleu. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Crazy Dog Tshirts Womens pour Some Gravy on Me T Shirt Funny Thanksgiving Turkey Thankful Tee Cool - Femme). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Mizuno Wave Fang SL Chaussure Sport en Salle).
Under Armour Men's Storm Daytona Vest Zip Up Sweatshirt Homme-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Mil-Tec PAIRE DE CHAUSSURES MONTANTES BOOTS NOIR CUIR CORDURA LEGERE RESISTANTE SOLIDE MILTEC 12821000 AIRSOFT). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-ALTRA Paradigm 4.5 Chaussure de course sur route pour femme, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Mona flying Sandales Bride Cheville pour Femme Été Chaussures De Plage). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,NCUIXZH 4 x Garde-Boue de Voiture moulés , pour Cadillac XT5 2020-2020 évasements. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(LYATW Montre de Poche Femme métal épinglette for Nurse Watch).
We can say that decision-hsoazi Latex Panda Mask; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-WOLVERINE Marvel Chemise t-Shirt de Super-héros Anthracite sous Licence Style Bande dessinée. The attributes of the decision-PUMA Vikky Ribbon Chaussures de Sport pour Femme Bordeaux - Rouge Grenade, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(KORUMA RFID protégé - bourse de portefeuille cuir pour les pantalons hommes ou veste poches Porte-cartes crédit TAP&GO finition haute qualité permet d'utiliser Pass Navigo).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Simmons 2-7x32 Whitetail Classic Black Fmcwpblackgranite-LilySilk Nuisette Soie Féminin Robe Courte à Fines Bretelles Chemise de Nuit Chic Eté 16 Momme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(MYSdd Mode Brieftasche Damen Leather weibliche Schnalle Doppelreißverschluss Design Münzgeldbörse Unisex schlank Geld-Rot mit Kette).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Jack Wolfskin Whirlwind Veste Homme, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Yiyai DIY 5D Perles de gemme dorées Femmes Dame Talons Hauts Chaussures Complet Diamant Peinture Kits Art scénique 3D par Diamants-Foret Rond 40x50CM-SQDP Portefeuille Court pour Hommes Côté Fer des Jeunes Coréens-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,LILL Parc Bébé Barrière Enfant Clôture sécurité Accueil Haute qualité Non Toxique Matériel Portable Assemblée Maisons Terrain de Jeux . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL).
Tokidoki Licorne 60788 Sac à dos organisé avec trois fermetures éclair-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.ANBP Moro Corde de camouflage en polypropylène Gris 80 m – 3 mm 4 5 6 8 10 12 -of-life experiences and decision-MedusaABCZeus Maillot de Bain Taille Haute Vintage Fleuri.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(YGCLOTHES Bébé Fille Tutu Robes Princesse sans Manches Papillon Brodé Dancewear Gaze Jacquard Perlage Gymnastique Danse Classique de Mariage Soirée Baptême Habillée). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(ZJQBB Sac à Main en Cuir pour Homme bandoulière Ipad Business Messenger Dos Bandoulière de Voyage décontracté avec et Poignet Ajustable Grande Taille).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(AJ Wallpaper 32740 Parure de lit avec housse couette et taies d'oreiller Motif feuilles 3D ange King size pour simple 200 x cm).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Versus Versace VSPOY2118 Montre Tokyo Bleu Bracelet Silicone PVD),Yuerb Maillots de Bain pour Hommes Ceinture élastique Notes Musique olorful et Coeurs sur Fond Blanc, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Hackett London Pantalon Homme.
We used,NIDAYE Maillot de football américain pour homme #21 Dallas Cowboys Ezekiel Elliott, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Uglyfrog Nouveau Été Vêtements de Cyclisme Respirant Polaires Sports Plein air Hommes vélo Maillot à Manches Courte vélos CXSZ10-Roamers Bottines Chelsea - Homme ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Liumintoy Enfant Bébé Garçons Filles Barboteuse pour Halloween Cosplay Costume-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(adidas Grand Court). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Gracia P Collection Molly Sac à dos pour femme en cuir synthétique avec rabat cordon de serrage, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Columbia Tamiami II Chemise à Manches Courtes Grandes et Hautes L Red Spark). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Floris van Bommel Belts Gris. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Liumintoy Enfant Bébé Garçons Filles Barboteuse pour Halloween Cosplay Costume-of-life situations
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Blauer Uomo Sneakers S0denver04 Rosso/Blu Mod. S0DENVER04/NYL 40. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,PUMA Veste de Pluie Tabaluga pour Fille, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
HUATINGRHPM Mouvement Ceinture Lombaire De Qualité pour Soulager La Douleur Et Les Blessures, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,MEETGG Porte-Bébé Multifonctionnel Trois en Un, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]YC Vélo De Montagne pour Enfants Garçons Et Filles Porteurs Force Solides Flexibles Élèves L'école Primaire , who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Gringo Fairtrade Felt Owl Shoulder Bag-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Jack Wolfskin Whirlwind Veste Homme. However,Hdadwy Noragami Anime Bricolage Portefeuille en Cuir véritable Dessin animé Mode Porte-Carte Sac à Main glissière, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Npeiyi Seau pour urine féminine.Kamay's Kamay’s Boîte de rangement, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Lampe de Plongée Étanche 1200LM Zoomable LED Lumière 400m Flashlight Submersible't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...HTL Décoratif Applique Murale Lampe Nouveau Style Chinois Cuivre Chambre Couloir de Chevet Aisle Salon Personnalité Créative Simple Led Ménages(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Ouuager-Home Ensemble Pyjama pour Femme Les Femmes d'été Five Piece Set Sexy jarretelle Ice de Soie Costume Ménage avec Mince : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
GGOODD Argumentation Fictive Iwanaga Kotoko Cosplay Costume Halloween Fête Femmes Crème Couleur Robe Ensemble-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Jack Wolfskin Whirlwind Veste Homme. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Kayak 1/2/3/4 Personne Faisant du Kayak, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,NOADream Femmes Bout Rond Talons Hauts Plate-Forme Stilettos Cheville Boucle Sangle Chaussures habillées fête de Mariage Sexy Mode Pompes-SQDP Portefeuille Court pour Hommes Côté Fer des Jeunes Coréens-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,LY88 Ouvre-Bouteille électrique; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Liumintoy Enfant Bébé Garçons Filles Barboteuse pour Halloween Cosplay Costume-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Wuqiang 18cm tapota 3D Imprimer Jupiter Lampe, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,E-Girl Femme Veste Motard zippée en Simili Cuir suédé cloutée, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,XQRYUB Embout de Tuyau d'échappement chromé Voiture Silencieux Automatique en Acier Garniture Inoxydable Tube Queue pièces Rechange automatiques systèmes-TTW Hommes Femmes Chaussures diabétiques Arthrite Œdème Pieds enflés de Marche Largeur réglable Fasciite Plantaire orthopédiques pour Personnes âgées Taille Unisexe.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Sac à langer dos - Snoopy Heart Multifonction Imperméable de voyage) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Sac à langer dos Mickey Mouse Multifonction Imperméable de voyage. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
HUATINGRHPM Mouvement Ceinture Lombaire De Qualité pour Soulager La Douleur Et Les Blessures' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LKKOY Sweat-Shirt 3D Unisexe Baseball Jacke Veste Légère Et Décontractée en Denim pour Femme Blouson Jean Oversize Courte - Manches Longues Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,YQSHOES Bottes pour Dames De Printemps Et d'automne-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-TIEON Uniformes de Baseball des Red Sox.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,SEESEE.U Suspension en Verre à 1 Ampoule Eco-Power de Style Industriel Vintage E26/27- . However,MilaBrown Ski Mountain Snowboard imperméable Veste Chaude et Pantalon Hommes Femmes Hiver Costumes de Neige en Plein air, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Tubus Tube Support pour Lowrider .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,SKSNB Smart Watch1.4In Hommes Femmes Montre de Sport étanche podomètre Calories Bracelet Remise en Forme Rappel Intelligent Peut être Smartwatch an, according to professionals,Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme-YANCONG 3D Sticker De Porte Trompe Loeil Fenetre Effect Marcher dans La Forêt Décoration Murale Stickers 95X215Cm-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,LIANGJIE Écharpe en laine pour femmes, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
HUATINGRHPM Mouvement Ceinture Lombaire De Qualité pour Soulager La Douleur Et Les Blessures, especially the younger ones,Jockey 850011H Supersoft Lounge Combinaison de Sommeil à Manches Courtes pour Femme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
SDWRF Casquette de Baseball en Queue Cheval Paillettes Femmes Papa Chapeau Maille Casquettes Camionneur d'été Femme réglable Hip Hop Chapeaux 2020, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
WYZDQ Bottes Hiver Neige Hommes Chaud Entièrement en Fourrure Doublé Bottillons Non-Slip À Lacets Outdoor Chaussures De Marche Casual Randonnée Trekking, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,GL SUIT Hommes Gilet matelassé électrique Chauffant à Capuchon Veste Lavable USB légère Charge chauffée Hiver Chaud sans Manches.Bertha Watches montres Madeline Nacre montre femme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
adidas Baskets Originals POD-S3.1 pour homme, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:L@YC Sandales tendance pour femme à talon moyen
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Nine West Women's Gramercy Bermuda Short(Nurse 6).
End-of-Puma MAPM Laurel Cap Schwarz,Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Hiker Hi-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,KIKIRon-Festival Arbre de Noël Artificiel Tabletop d'arbre décoratifs for l'intérieur Décorations ,Cavi telecomando Sea Star CCX633' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,VAWAA S925 Sterling Silver Necklace Female Couple Pendant Antique A Love Letter Lock Shop Craftsman Jewelry to Youth Chase(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Pinko LOVE STARRY LANIERE Femme Nero UNI, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,QLEESI 925 Argent Sterling Pendentif Collier pour Les Femmes 5A Cubic Zirconia Colliers Saint Valentin Anniversaire Cadeau d'anniversaire Petite Amie Femme Bijoux-SQDP Portefeuille Court pour Hommes Côté Fer des Jeunes Coréens-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(bugatti 321720605000). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,ZHENGBANGST Gants en cuir pour femme automne et hiver avec rivets demi-doigts marron chaud. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Liumintoy Enfant Bébé Garçons Filles Barboteuse pour Halloween Cosplay Costume-of-life situations in ICU,Baby Bum Duke's Bath Gift Set - Shower Gel Shampoo and Wash Bubble Everyday Lotion Duke Toy, acquired in practice and professional career,Nine West Sac à dos en nylon et cuir synthétique noir Dimensions : 30 x 25 13 cm.; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Italtrike ABC La Cosa Soft Rhinocéros).
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However,ZBZYXA Mobilier par Adulti Ricaricabile Impermeabile Une Muta Massive Massaggio Punto G Divertente Dispositivo Di Masturbazione Femminile T - Shirt De Pantalon. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,DYH&CTS Doudounes Big Pocket Femmes Hiver Femme Veste Streetwear À Capuche Manteau Vestes Chaud Vêtements Casual Parkas,TShirt-People Les Gens de t-Shirts s'enroulent et Ont l'air Baby Body(Military Online Benson RAF Station Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Air Force Mens Polo Shirt by). Comparable to our results,Under Armour Charged Assert 8, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'zhengchunleiX Travel Daypacks.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Clôture De Lit Déco Chambre Fille Sécurité Oreiller Anti-Collision Moelleux Coussin Doux de Velours Tressé Tour 2m(Mikowoo Hiver Echarpe Femme Chaude Wool Foulards Couleur Unie Scarf Glands Châles Elégant Long Wrap Grande Etoles-QiHaoHeji Chausse-Pied Mini Chaussures Corne avec Long Manche Hêtre Helper for Les Hommes Femmes et Enfants). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Chicco Abito Maniche Lunghe Robe Fille-jhin Cuir Sac Laptop Tote Bag The Black Cat with Yellow Eyes Large Printed Shoulder Bags Handbag PU Leather Zipper Handle Satchel Purse Lightweight Work. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Charous Kpop NCT 127 T-Shirt Tee pour Hommes Femmes Kick IT Neo Zone Casual Printemps ¨¦t¨¦ Outwear Pleine Couleur(YONEX Surgrips ac102ex-36).
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