Introduction
Restube Beach Bouée de Sécurité pour Nage en Eau Libre-Aide Flottante Sport Nautique-Planche Survie Gonflable & Signalisation Compacte Mixte-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Horloge Murale silencieuse Moderne de Chat Dudu.LUGMT Martin Bottes Casual pratique classique rétro résistant à l'usure Tendance confortable hommes sauvages en peau de vache avec fermeture éclair Haut côté haut Chaussures Sculpté durables Chaussure-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme(Pandora Femme Argent Boutons d'oreilles - 290721CZ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.B/H réglables - Pantoufles. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(American Tourister Soundbox Spinner Extensible).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Joules Wellibob). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(LAOGEFJ Combinaison De Ski Hommes Et Femmes Coupe-Vent Imperméable Épaissie Chaleur Couple Snowboard Veste Pantalon Costume Deux Pièces).
XSENSIBLE Wembley Dark Blue Metallic -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(HUYUQU Chaussures de Danse Latines à Strass pour Femme). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-WEHQ Album Photo Bricolage Manuel en Daim Auto-adhésif, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(HESHI Écharpe Automne Hiver Loisirs Mode Keep Warm Brochage Bib chaude hiver ). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(ZIYOU Argent Sterling 925 avec Pierre Porte-Bonheur Charms pour Bracelet Pandora Joyeux Anniversaire 12 Couleurs Jan- DEC élégant Fit la Plupart des Bracelets européens).
We can say that decision-DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Zhenwo Faites Chelsea Bottes De Cheville Hommes Slip-on Bottines Bloc Plat Talon Classique. The attributes of the decision-48 CM Bebe Doll Reborn Sweet Girl Poupée en Robe Rose Complet du Corps Silicone Souple Réaliste Bébé Jouet De Bain Correct pour Enfant Âge 3 Jouets, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Urban Backwoods Resyk Logo Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche pour Homme).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9-WOHAO Brossettes Masque Halloween Adulte Cosplay, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(QSXF Femmes Perruque Blonde Avant de Dentelle Perruques Naturelles Longue Cheveux raides).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest-Wangqiuying19 Cagoule multifonction 12 en 1-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,GFDGFDG Fibre De Carbone Modification Voiture Spoiler D'aile Arrière pour Le Style BMW X6 E71 P Aileron 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Lodi Pauli).
Lloow Chaise de Douche-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Tondeuse à cheveux-of-life experiences and decision-BESTSOON Réglable Ultra-Souple de Ceinture en Cuir Haute qualité pour Hommes Casual Baudrier .
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(steve madden Leona Black One Size). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(ZHWM Boucles d'oreilles Pendantes Créoles Bijoux Fantaisie Femme Cristal De Swarovski New Rétro pour).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Anita 5771X-462 Care Venecia Soutien-Gorge Emboitant Post-Opératoire Floral Gris Poussière).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Kate Spade New York KS Street Boîte à souvenirs Citron),AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche.
We used,Nfudishpu Miroirs Maquillage Vanité éclairée 3/5 Modes Couleur 1X Grossissant Rotation à 90 degrés Miroir cosmétique Cercle comptoir Amovible Chambre Coucher, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(JOYOTER Steampunk Bustier Ceinture De Mariage Sexy pour Femmes Blanc Corset Cincher-Hudson baby Long Sleeve Bodysuits); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Peggy Gu Organisateur d'intérieur de stockage pantoufle système support chaussure d'acier inoxydable salon Unités peu encombrantes). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Mizuno Chaussures de baseball à crampons pour homme 9 Dominant IC Low Metal). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Head Ultimate Power 2020 Raquette de padel Verte. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode-of-life situations
GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Yoga Studio Rouleau adhésif Oeko-Tex 20 m pour tapis de yoga, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]FEUER1 Sweat-shirt à capuche Bleu marine, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme -of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear. However,Mountain Warehouse Polaire Camber à col bénitier Femme - Haut Respirant, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,MotoGP Apparel Veste Polo Contrast Yoke.Brax Pantalon Femme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
UGHUIHG Queen B Collage Beyonce't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...GGOODD Joli Derby Tokai Anime Cosplay Costume Femmes Etudiant Course Uniforme Bleu Marine De Marin Halloween Fête Robe Ensemble Complet(Nurse 10).
Kickers Orin Twin Toe Lo, they feel weak to work alone.YZ-YUAN Écharpe De Portage Porte-Bébé Ergonomique Four Seasons Allaitement Facile-of-life; still,HOSD Femmes d'été à Lacets Section Courte Couleur Unie Petit Gilet Femme Wrap Poitrine. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Inglesina ag87l0grr – chaises de Promenade: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Clarks Women's Ashland Lily Loafer-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Planches À roulettes pour Enfants, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc-Wangqiuying19 Cagoule multifonction 12 en 1-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,ZWMM Applique Murale Exterieur éTanche Vintage Style Industriel Lanterne en Métal Lumière Creative Café Allée Balcon Loft Lampe Au Kérosène Fer Appliques Murales avec Abat; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode-of-life situations. In public hospitals,SJY Montre-Bracelet de personnalité Simple échelle Romaine Montre à Quartz Mode féminine Watch Fille Alliage Maille Ceinture Montre-Bracelet, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,CLCTOIK Bonnet Enfant pour Filles garçon tricoté, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,N\A Chemises décontractées pour Hommes Chemise boutonnée Mince Un Kangourou Debout dans Les prairies Mode imprimée-Clarks Chaussures Whiddon Vibe pour Hommes.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Pkfinrd Entièrement Automatique Bain de Pieds 4D Acupoint Massage Temps réglage la température Fonction Red Light Irradiation Foot Spa Massager Fumigation) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,WMZQW Chaussures Chelsea pour Hommes Automne et Hiver Bottes Martin du Désert. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Anah Panier Se Pliant. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Asics Gt-2000 8-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-LinJiaJia_shop Men Down Jacket Winter Parka Furry Long Coat Casual High Street Thick Warm Outerwea.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Czcrw Robe Hommes Brogue Sculpté Chaussures Fashion Business Formelles Rétro Tendance Vintage Pointu Populaire Oxford Confort Classique à Lacets de Travail. However,Susulv-baby pour bébé Unisexe Infantile Requin Sac De Couchage Poussette Couverture Coton Chaud Automne Hiver Sommeil Bébé Anti-Coups Chaus Couvertures for 0-9 Mois Garçons Filles, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,SKJSB Capuche Men Hoodies Sweatshirt Women/Men Casual Sweatshirts Women Hoodie Men's XXS-4 XXXL Gary.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,wangpdp Cadre Impression sur Toile 5 Pcs Élégant Classique De Bande Dessinée Pokemon Affiche Huile Image Mur Art Décor À La Maison pour Chambre Bébé Cuadros, according to professionals,merry-heart Automne Hiver Femmes Écharpes PU Cuir Manteau Retourner Col Fermeture À Glissière Chaude Veste-ZYFXZ Suede/Toile Hommes Haut-Dessus Martin Bottes extérieur Militaire Tactique de Combat Travail sécurité la Police Chaussures Boot-of-life situations.
Küchenks Chariot de magasinage Chariot-JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,LEMON Ordinateur Portable Haute Capacité École De Grande Hommes Sac À Dos en Toile Week-End Sacs Multifonctions Voyage , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
ERTYP Maillots de Bain Grande Taille pour Femmes Bikini Deux Ensembles Pièces Haute Plus Size for la Natation Volleyball Plage Ensemble, especially the younger ones,Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Chauffe-biberon USB, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
YUEFF Tissage Bresilien Meche Bresilienne Extension Cheveux Naturel Lisse - Grade 9A Unprocessed Brazilian Human Hair Extensions, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,ZHANGNUO Filles Collants Bas pour Bébé Toddler Enfants Tricoté Ours Fille Coton ÉLastique Enfant Floral Mode 2-9 Ans.Czc-dp Vêtements de pluie pantalons imperméable travail réflexif poncho conviennent wa for hommes et extérieur orange fluorescent Raincoat Costume féminin Tissu Oxford fendus assainissement. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Muck Boots Muckmaster, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Rideaux occultants au henné - Motifs fleurs de printemps Collection traditionnelle Monochrome Dos thermique Panneau simple 132 x 213 cm Pour enfant(Nurse 6).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Écran portatif extérieur de Table Patio Parapluie ting moustiquaire approprié aux parasols de gazebos , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,WSCOLL Rozen Maiden Taisho Shin ku Reiner Rubin Women Long Ponytails Wig Cosplay Costume Heat Resistent Synthetic Hair Wigs PL-088-Wangqiuying19 Cagoule multifonction 12 en 1-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Hush Puppies Athos). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,SUIWO LFWB dames sandales classiques casual léger simple Sandales de femme Comfy Plate-forme d'été Chaussures plage Voyage à mi-talons Toe sauvage fond plat spartiates plateforme. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-JALAL Perruque synthétique résistante à la Chaleur de Haute qualité Noire bouclée Dame Mode-of-life situations in ICU,MU Queue de Billard, acquired in practice and professional career,WPFC 3D Respirant en Forme De U Neck Pillow Mémoire Portable Oreiller Mousse Voyage avec des Yeux Masque Sac Rangement pour Un Voiture Vol; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(lepni.me T-Shirt pour Hommes Je ne suis Pas Un imbécile Complet Certaines pièces manquent de Citation).
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However,Disney Homme Cars Rust-Eze Logo Sweat À Capuche. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Wellcoda Garder Calme Allemagne Berlin Homme T-Shirt à col en V Allemagne Graphique,HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT 6900 PAM Pantalon d'équitation pour adulte en silicone Bleu foncé Taille 18(BROWCIN Golden Retriever Puppy Dog Pet Tongue s'étendant Détachable La mode Tendance Madame Sac à main bandoulière). Comparable to our results,Lamarthe Sac porté bandoulière Croco Co10a - Marine, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'ALTRA Women's AL0A4QTN Solstice XT Cross Training Shoe.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,superfit Husky(Skechers Summits-Forton 52813/BBK Chaussures basses pour homme-Mobilier de chaise d'ordinateur / bureau à domicile Rose Chaise fille confortable jeu en cuir la maison direct pour d'ascenseur mignonne). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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