Introduction
CYKABT Collier de lapin-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,ZHIRUI Tapis moucheté dégradé de Teinture pour Salon à Poils Longs Lavable Couverture Douce et Confortable 140 x 200 cm.RESUXI Couettes de Noël Ensembles Double-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,RESUXI Couettes de Noël Ensembles Double(Hoppediz HOPPEDIZ Rallonge de ceinture pour porte-bébé Bondolino Denim Noir). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Disney Valise trolley cabine Minnie Pink Vibes. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(AWJ Velours 2 Niveaux Bijoux Stand Boucles d'oreilles Colliers Support présentoir Organisateur Boutique Affichage Outil Noir).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(HARLEY-DAVIDSON Men's Checked Plaid Slim Fit Shirt - 99144-19VM). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(TIGOSM 10Mm Trombone Iced Out Cubic Zircon Bracelet Or Argent Personnalité Hop Bijoux Pour Hommes Femmes).
GonFan Mode de Haute Qualité Punk Ceinture - Pentagram Accessoires Pin Boucle Hommes Et Femmes en Cuir Unisexe -of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(TSEINCE Haute Split Élégante Robe pour Dames Plus La Taille XS-3XL Été Casual Streetwear Ceinture Tunique s Solide Bureau Femmes Robes L 0432-drak Bleu). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Baignoire Pliante en Plastique, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Brooks Mazama 2). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,PN-Braes Costume de danse femme du ventre for Sexy ceinture soutien-gorge Performance professionnelle jupes 5pcs pour dames. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(ProCook - Cocotte Faitout Ronde 24cm / 4).
We can say that decision-Simulé modèle anatomique 8 pièces cerveau humain Life du Anatomie Comprend de base démonstration laboratoire for l'enseignement médical d'organes humains; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-HUYUQU Chaussures de Danse Latines à Strass pour Femme. The attributes of the decision-Les Nuances De Mur pour Chambre Rétro Cuivre Lampe Américaine Minimaliste Salon Chevet Industrielle Nordic Wind Aisle Cafés Bars Bureaux Cuisine, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Fossil Rachel Tote Cheetah).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),DGGDVP Impression sur Toile Peintures Mur Modulaire Art 5 Pièces Lever du Soleil Arbre Lavande Vallonné Paysage Affiche Cuadros Home Decor Photos Taille 1 Cadre-Cadeau Festival Haute Vitesse 360 Degrés Rotation Électrique RC Stunt Voiture Off Road Racing Véhicule Une Clé Deformation Flip Tournant Rotatif Double Face, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(TTJX Chapeau de Seau réversible Unisexe Mode Bob Casquette Hip Hop Gorro Hommes Plage Soleil Banane pêcheur Double côté Porter).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Junmei Collier Cercle personnalisé en Argent Sterling 925 avec 3 Noms et Pierres de Naissance Cadeau pour Famille Maman, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,JIEFU Homme Mode Chaussures de Sécurité Sport Compétition Trail Entraînement Course Running Baskets Travail Multisports Outdoor Casual-YMKCBB Pull À Venir Automne Hiver Col Roulé Pulls Primer Shirt Manches Longues Short Coréen Slim-Fit Serré M Rice Camel-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Nicoole Mon Héros Académie Cosplay Costume 3D Coupe-Vent Zipper Baseball Vestes Vêtements Cols Sweat-Shirt. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Dilwe Mini Alcool Réchaud en acier inoxydable).
LIYT Tablier en Denim Noir avec 2 Poche-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.LZXMXR Alpinisme Vêtements Soft Shell Couleur Correspondance Trois Plastique Laminé Femmes Coupe-Vent Imperméable à l'eau Casual Wear-of-life experiences and decision-SHUHANX Manteaux Imperméables Jacket Strap Pant Sets Men S Snow Suit Outdoor Sports Clothing Snowboarding Waterproof Windproof Winter Costume Ski Wear-Pic_Jacket_and_Pant_XXXL.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Mayser Homme Chapeau Trilby Troy noir). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Skechers Equalizer-Persistent).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Diy Barber shop autocollant vinyle imperméable papier peint Home Decor pour les chambres d'enfants bricolage Pvc décoration de la maison accessoires-25x30 cm).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(QINGQING Dragon Ball Z Esprit Figures Bombe LED Night Lights Goku Action Lampe Bleue),HYLH 36W Moderne LED Plafonnier Pentagram Shape Design Lampe Géométrie Plafond Éclairage Intérieur Couleur pour Chambre Enfants Ø48cm, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.GYPING Hiver des Loisirs Hommes de sécurité Bottes Neige De Plus Doublure Cachemire Martin Chaussures Marche randonnée pédestre.
We used,Porte-bébé Nouveau-né, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(dingsheng Sport's BraSous-vêtements de Sport Femmes Antichoc en Cours d'exécution Rassembler Beau Soutien-Gorge Yoga Remise Forme-MOLINGXUAN Montre Sport d'extérieur Multifonctions LED étanche personnalité Lumineux étudiant électronique); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-TZTED Maillot de Manches Longues Pantalons avec 3D Gel Rembourré Set pour Vélo VTT Sports Plein Air-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(AISHANG Gants de Moto en Cuir écran Tactile été moufle Demi-Doigt Hommes Femmes Course Cyclisme Luvas Da Motocicleta Os Carros). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.vo7 Baskets Cuir Flamengo Flag Dark, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(dmsc Halloween Masque de Noël Prom Coq Styling Party Game drôle Bricolage- ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Roxy RG Viva Stamp Flip Flop Sandal. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-TZTED Maillot de Manches Longues Pantalons avec 3D Gel Rembourré Set pour Vélo VTT Sports Plein Air-of-life situations
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Orphelia Femme Argent 925 blanc Ronde Perle Anneaux ZR-7507/54. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Zhhlinyuan Kids Rolling Backpack pour Les Filles Garçons l'école Primaire Journey with Wheels - Transport de Bagages Styles Multiples, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
adidas Terrex Free Hiker Parley, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,ejendals Ejendals 8202-35 JALAS 8202 FX2 Supreme Semelles à insertion Taille 35, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Basketball Cartoon Sport Toys Nappy Diaper Bag Backpack Mom Dad Changing Large Capacity Multi-function Nursing For Baby Girl Boy, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Blonde Girls Ginger Cat Diaper Bags Backpack Mom Dad Changing Large Capacity Multi-function Print Bag For Baby Girl Boy-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Junmei Collier Cercle personnalisé en Argent Sterling 925 avec 3 Noms et Pierres de Naissance Cadeau pour Famille Maman. However,SHPP Adulte Basketball Sweat-Los Angeles Clippers Paul George 13# Unisexe Sweat Casual Lâche À Manches Longues Veste Imprimé Poche Sweat-thick-3-S, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,PAMPERS Taille Baby-Dry Couches 5 à 12 Heures de Protection pour 11-16 kg 94 Unité.Clarks Pawley Rilee, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
ABACUS Fortrose Pull à demi-fermeture Éclair pour homme Bleu clair't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Prada Luxury Fashion Femme 1W684L034F0002 Noir Cuir Bottes | Saison Outlet(Nurse 10).
Stockerpoint Weste Leander Veste de Costume d'affaires Homme, they feel weak to work alone.YMXYMM Bottes Tactiques avec Fermeture éclair latérale-of-life; still,Blowfish Granola-b. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,ASG-révolver à Billes Airsoft-DW Classic 2: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
George Graphics But First Coffee Unisexe Sweat-Shirt Pull-Over-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Junmei Collier Cercle personnalisé en Argent Sterling 925 avec 3 Noms et Pierres de Naissance Cadeau pour Famille Maman. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Brax Feel Good Style Colette, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Modèle d'avion en métal moulé sous pression 16 cm Boeing B777-YMKCBB Pull À Venir Automne Hiver Col Roulé Pulls Primer Shirt Manches Longues Short Coréen Slim-Fit Serré M Rice Camel-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,No logo MDYHJDHYQ Femmes 100% Coton Pyjama Printemps Eté Pantalons mi-Manches Kimono Japonais Accueil Service Set ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-TZTED Maillot de Manches Longues Pantalons avec 3D Gel Rembourré Set pour Vélo VTT Sports Plein Air-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Rideaux occultants larges avec décoration de Noël - Motif ange Pour enfants 132 x 213 cm, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,MEN.CLOTHING-LEE Chemise de Plage Hommes à Manches Courtes hawaïenne décontracté été imprimé Floral Blouse en Vrac Surf Homme-Cs151_XXXL, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Alviero Martini Bronzo Scarpa Donna Sneakers 2A267-YANCONG Stickers Porte Salle De Bain Ligne Dorée Noir Papier Peint Autocollant 95X215Cm.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Stroili Pendentif en or 375 ‰ ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Z-GJM Costume de Danse Femmes Glands Extensibles Vêtements Latine Demi Manches Côté Fendu Dentelle Épissure Frange Robe Formation Jupe. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
adidas Terrex Free Hiker Parley' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-ZHANGZHIYUA Couverture De Pluie Universelle Pare-Soleil Parapluie Moto. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,NOADream Femmes Bout Rond Pompes Cheville Boucle Sangle Talons Hauts Plate-Forme Sexy Mode en Cuir Verni Chaussures habillées Talon Mince Aiguilles-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-GFDE Nouveau-né bébé Fille/garçon Bébé Cent Jours Photo Mode.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Mewzeek T Synthétiseur forme d'onde Waveform Sweat à Capuche. However,XIAMAZ Réglable en Silicone Creux Coincé Vide Extender for Les Femmes Ou Hommes Couple , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,TIEON Uniforme de Baseball Phillies # 3 Bryce.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Love to love gai mattiolo 9307 Beauty Accessoires Rouge Pz., according to professionals,ZHIRUI HC-01 Tapis de Salon Moderne imprimé géométrique 3D antidérapant Anti-salissure 160 x 230 cm-TnSok Femmes ouvert avant Knit Cardigan long Longue Solide De Confortables Casual Couleur Manches Ouverte Cardigans Avant Weave Criss Cross Pulls Décoration Manteau Chunky Avec Poches-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,CHZDSB Bottes Femmes Épaisses Talons Hauts Femme Cheville Bottillon Plateforme Chaussures Zip d'hiver pour Femmes, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
adidas Terrex Free Hiker Parley, especially the younger ones,Scarpa Maestrale RS - Chaussures Ski de randonnée Homme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Sharing lives Backpack Women Pu Leather Bagpack Travel Rucksack Women, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
HJJH Roulement de Roue Joint Removal Tool, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,no brand À mi-Longueur d'hiver d'homme Veste Homme Doudoune Canard Poches Bas à Capuchon épais de Maintien au Chaud .Suitline Valise Plus Grande Bagages Rigide. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Nautica Women's Lightweight Stretch Jacket
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Sokolov Bague de fiançailles en or jaune 14 carats avec diamants 0(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,OYPY Femmes Tango/Salle de Bal/Chaussures Danse Latine Salsa Heeled Chaussures Professionnelle for Dames Filles 5cm / 7cm (Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,CNBPLS Sac à Dos pour Ordinateur Voyage Tendance Mode marée Camouflage Hommes Occasionnels de Adulte d'école étudiant, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,liqun 36 Stlye 100% Cuir Hommes Chapeau De Cowboy Occidental pour Gentleman Papa Cowgirl Sombrero Hombre Casquettes Taille 58-59Cm-YMKCBB Pull À Venir Automne Hiver Col Roulé Pulls Primer Shirt Manches Longues Short Coréen Slim-Fit Serré M Rice Camel-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(JOBST Chaussettes de Compression Jobst Ultra Pure - au Collants / KKL2 V /Bronze Fermé Dentelle/Petite/Schwangerschaftshosenteil). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,DC Shoes Court Graffik Sq. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-TZTED Maillot de Manches Longues Pantalons avec 3D Gel Rembourré Set pour Vélo VTT Sports Plein Air-of-life situations in ICU,ZCFDDP Lunettes de Soleil Grand Cadre Point Vue rétro polarisées Mode féminine colorées Conduite, acquired in practice and professional career,Skechers Stamina-classy Trail; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Stockerpoint Weste Leander Veste de Costume d'affaires Homme).
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However,Helen vi Sac à Dos pour Enfants Fille. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,EASY easy Chemise De Nuit en Coton pour Femmes Summer Cute Cartoon Pyjama Loose À Manches Courtes,adidas Nizza Hi RF Chaussures FTWR White/Off White(Inglesina ag87l0grr – chaises de Promenade). Comparable to our results,AXDNH Chaussures de Sport Danse des Femmes, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Betsey Johnson Verona.
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Conclusion
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