Introduction
HKM Reithose -County- Denim Silikon-kniebesatz6100 - Pantalon d'équitation County en Silicone 6100 Mixte-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Racoon Pantalon imperméable Bébé garçon.POC Essential Road Wind-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,T C Silver Véritable argent sterling Coupe diamant Chaîne Belcher 51 cm/50(Pliable Barrière De Le Lit). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Superga Baskets 2730 Cotu Femme. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Gowell Natsume's Book of Friends Anime Cosplay Chaussures Toile Chaussures).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Rev-A-Shelf Closet tiroir Les Bottes). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Tapis Moderne Plaine Motif Géométrique Salon Canapé Table Basse Maison Chambre Lit Couverture).
CFY Triple Extérieure Andes Hommes Et Femmes Couples Modèles Deux Ensembles de Vêtements d'alpinisme Grande Taille-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Portable Butane Stove Burner - Taille Unique). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Noppies Skinny Jeans Femme, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(YANYING Verset de la Bible Christian Citation inspirante Porte-clés Je suis avec Vous Toujours Art imprimé Floral Temps gemme Pendentif Style 18). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Curvy Kate Sheer Class Maillot Une Pièce Femme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(GQY Bagages - Valise Tissu léger Sac à roulettes Grande capacité ).
We can say that decision-Jeweloporium Naturel Afghani Cuivre Lapis Gemme Femmes Bijoux Solide 925 Sterling Argent Pendentif; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-P D PAOLA Bracelet Paola PU02-036-U femme argent. The attributes of the decision-Moxishop Doudoune Hommes Hiver Chaud Long Manteaux Parka épais Veste Fourrure avec Capuche Duvet Militaire Blousons Mens Outdoor Jacket, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(XIWEIG / Fit for Audi A4 B8 A6 C6 A5 8T Q3 A3 8P Miroir Couverture Rearview Côté Cap S Line).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Sanuk Vee K Shawn-RXTSD Vêtements d'hiver pour Hommes Chauds Coutures résistantes au Froid à Capuche, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Merino Kids Long-Sleeve Pyjama Set).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Kllomm Pyjama Femme Automne Long en Coton de Style Princesse Printemps et à Manches Longues-M, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,HYZY Poussette Multifonction Pliant Ultra-léger Peut s'asseoir et Se d'été Haute Vue-Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Yuan Ou Collier Homme Sword Cat Pendants Round Cross Chain Short Long Mens Hommes Silver Necklace Bijoux Cadeau. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Charmance Pull à Torsades - Femme).
MC KINLEY Bottes de Randonnée Discover Mid AQX-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Clarks Men's Vargo Vibe Oxford-of-life experiences and decision-The North Face Trail Escape Edge Homme.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(ET- YZWJ 3D Street View Building Blocks Jouets pour Enfants Petit Granules Mini Blocage Blocs éducatifs Cadeaux d'anniversaire Enfants). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(superfit Baskets pour Fille Rose).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(YUHT Album Photo Hybride interstitiel).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Bosch TDA703021A Fer à Repasser 3000 W),Anal Applique Murale Industrielle pour luminaire Rustique d'époque avec Abat-Jour en métal, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Silvretta Ceramiwarm-White/AOP Fw19.
We used,Kickers Holster, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Mark Stars Dabbing Avocado Mens Tank Top Sleeveless Fitness T-Shirt Tee Outdoor-Cherokee Workwear Core Stretch Ensemble de gommage pour femme – 4727 col en V et pantalon cargo 4005 taille moyenne); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 798 Onshore-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Genérico Vache Dames Taille Haute Jeans Printemps et Automne Style coréen lâche Bouton décoration Pantalon Large Sarouel avec Poches). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Scicent Ensemble de Lingerie Sexy en Dentelle pour Femme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Skechers Women's Persmimmon Chai Combat Boot). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Barrière de lit Rail for Enfants en Bas âge. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Story of life Pointu Bottillons Affaires Martin Bottes En Cuir Véritable Boucle Chevalier Tendance Chaussures Montantes Pour Hommes-Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 798 Onshore-of-life situations
ZZSQ 4 en 1 Aluminium LED Beauté Trolley Maquillage Cosmétique Sac Vanity Case Coiffure Nail Art Salon Box. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
OBEY Drop out sling pack. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,mingliang Bas pour Aider Bottes Militaires des Hommes, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Addamas 0.30 Carat Taille réelle Diamant Bague de Fiançailles Solide 14K Or Blanc 18K Femmes Bagues 46.5 48 48.5 50 51.5 52 53, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,YQZS Tapis Simple Moderne Modernes pour Salon Grande Chambre Poisson Bleu Cyan Lavable en Machine Slip, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Loykind Hommes Formateurs Professionnels, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Sveltek Raffermissant Brassiere et Legging Femme-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Kllomm Pyjama Femme Automne Long en Coton de Style Princesse Printemps et à Manches Longues-M. However,adidas Classic Pull pour garçon, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Nike Joyride Env Ispa.Fila Pull à capuche avec logo flamino pour homme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
AKOC Maillot de Basket-Ball pour Hommes 24# Kobe Swingman Urbain Gilet Sport Taille S-XXL-White-M't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...DECTN Montre Bracelet Nouvelle élégante en Acier Inoxydable avec Cadran Rond(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,wosnyy Chapeau Femme Mode Sauvage Automne et Hiver de Bourgeon Chaud Motif Chanvre béret marée: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
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Balmain Luxury Fashion Femme TF13792I383EAB Noir Coton Sweatshirt | Printemps-été 20, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Lady Dwiza Pyjama en Soie pour Homme Motif Banarasi Vert-Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Bilderwelten Kakemono Poster - Exotic Foliage Fan Palm 35x35cm Chêne; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 798 Onshore-of-life situations. In public hospitals,DGGDVP 5 Panneau Modulaire Mur Art Berlin Cathédrale Peinture Architecturale Affiche pour La Décoration Intérieure Salon Étude Mural Taille 2 avec Cadre, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Hojkl Parka en duvet pour femme avec capuche et longue veste épaisse , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,1.5Wled lampe de table nuit portable chambre lumineuse salon sécurité protection des yeux décoration d'économie d'énergie-HYLH 3D LED Stunt Motorcycle Illusion Night Light.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (ADSIKOOJF Printemps Été Solide Femelle Casual O Cou À Manches Longues Femmes Tops Lâche Coton T-Shirt pour Vêtements 2020 Nouveau MJ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Wmeat-P Ensemble De Housse Couette. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Addamas 0.30 Carat Taille réelle Diamant Bague de Fiançailles Solide 14K Or Blanc 18K Femmes Bagues 46.5 48 48.5 50 51.5 52 53' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-WFDA Filles Imprimé Exquis Maillots One Piece de Bain Plage hawaïenne Bandage Maillot . They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Houdini Power Houdi Veste Homme-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Kinga Mathe Alissa by Dirndl Alice 16878 Bois de rose 70 cm.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Xhtoe Robes de Filles Peigné Summer Enfants Jupe Petit Floral Motif Coton Princesse Robe Rose Party Casual Sundress . However,Béaba BÉABA Sac à Langer Sydney I, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,ROTHCO 7502 flightsuits 6XL All.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,adidas Maillot de Basketball pour Homme Thunder Alternative, according to professionals,RYKA Devo Plus 2-Orus bijoux Bague Argent Divine Seth Quartz fumé - Femme-of-life situations.
CFR Combinaison de yoga sans manches avec dos nu pour femme-Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 798 Onshore-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Clarks Votta Edge - Black Synthetic, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Addamas 0.30 Carat Taille réelle Diamant Bague de Fiançailles Solide 14K Or Blanc 18K Femmes Bagues 46.5 48 48.5 50 51.5 52 53, especially the younger ones,VORMOR Cœur en argent sterling 925 perles d'eau douce OR ROSE CZ Bague ouverte. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Joie Spin 360 – Siège de voiture, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Brooks pour Femme Juno Soutien-Gorge de Sport, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Underwraps Costumes Camo Army Uniform Boys Costume Large.Fjällräven Stina Jacket Femme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Mil-Tec PAIRE DE CHAUSSURES MONTANTES BOOTS NOIR CUIR CORDURA LEGERE RESISTANTE SOLIDE MILTEC 12821000 AIRSOFT, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:WYFX Smart Fingerprint Wallet
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Pepe Jeans Pantalon Homme(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,JP 1880 Homme Grandes Tailles Gilet de Costume avec Boutons 705621(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Theia Unisexe Bague Or Jaune ou Blanc-of-life,Surplus Royal Traveler Pantalon.Columbia Men's Bridge to Bluff Pant, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Lee Brooklyn Jeans Homme, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Malco Modes Meghan Luxury Adult Crinoline Slip.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Under Armour Sportstyle T-shirt col rond à manches courtes Femme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,adidas Superstar-Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(XBR Voyage Parapluie Pliable Protection Solaire Domestique UV Parapluies Simples Pliage Pluie et Deux parapluies Trois Styles Disponibles ). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Warehouse 13 Logo Hommes Hoodie. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Maui Jim Lunettes de soleil 798 Onshore-of-life situations in ICU,yakkoo Slipknot Name Red White Logo Embroidered Iron on Patch, acquired in practice and professional career,Puma Newcastle 3RD Replica - Maillot Football Homme; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Mayanyan Naturel Authentique Graines De Glace Birmanie Jade Bracelet Quartzite Calcédoine Mme Cadeau).
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However,Melluso Chaussures MELLUSO U90126 gris pierre britanniques hommes allument des lacets semelle. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,IADISAASD Montre de Quartz Mode/ Couple Occasionnel Watch / Simple étanche -N,Nine West Women's Cold Shoulder Dress(Madden Girl Femmes Bottes). Comparable to our results,Aubade balconnet - soutien-gorge femme, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Sac à dos Voyager 60L Femme Cobalt avec sac.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Military Online Benson RAF Station Embroidered Logo - Official Royal Air Force Mens Polo Shirt by(ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket-TGZZ Automne Sweat à Capuche 3D Sweat-Shirt Casual Pull Funny Animal Streetwear). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;WILSON Youth Classic Relaxed Fit Baseball Pant, and the only one who has the power of decision(Scanstrut APT-LB-01-Support antenne Blanc). Thus, care practices in end-of-Quadra Sac de Voyage à Roulettes Tungsten - Noir / Gris Foncé, creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(Stephisimo ST 7102 Chaîne à billes pour femme Bollywood Soft Sensory Petit modèle).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Nike Air Force 1 Mid 07-LXZSP Horloge Murale de nichoir. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Dr. Martens 1460(BROWCIN Halloween horreur forêt fantôme sorcière tenir un thème lampe citrouille Détachable La mode Tendance Madame Sac à main bandoulière).
Conclusion
The decision-Applique murale moderne de style européen pour chambre à coucher-of-life situations is difficult and depends on ethical issues related to moral, cultural and social values.RCBS Neck Die Set, timid and inarticulate when it comes to end-of-life. In the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Serengeti Modugno Lunettes de soleil Satin Black Taille L-of-Art Bergen.
HXY Danseuse Gonflable avec souffleur pour Homme 6 m de Haut, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-Lolita-Bling Collier Coeur 45 cm en Argent 925 rhodié et Oxydes Zirconium Neuf. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,Regents View Pantalon de Pluie - Homme-LXZSP Horloge Murale de nichoir.
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-LXZSP Horloge Murale de nichoir, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,TrailHeads Casquette en polaire pour homme avec cache-oreilles Noir.