Introduction
Reebok Flashfilm 3.0-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,adidas Fortarun AC K.Reebok Flashfilm-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,DC Shoes Defy - Veste de Snow pour Garçon 8-16 Ans EDBTJ03022(Misu Chaussures de Danse pour Homme Noir). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Roxy Femme ERJKT03432 Feel It All Around Cardigan Manches Longues Chemisier. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(OLYMP Luxor Chemise à col montant Blanc).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Kmgjc Justaucorps de Gymnastique Rythmique Ivoire Spandex Haute Élasticité Fait à la Main Imprimer Ombrage Manches Longues Compétition Danse Ballet Formation). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Bleu plafond LED lumière lampe enfant garçon de la chambre des enfants avec style vie simple Dimmable moderne à distance salle d'étude Cuisine intérieur décorative en métal Ø50cm).
LHY Armée Patrouille Militaire Bottes de Combat en Plein air Noir Randonnée Trekking Temps Froid pour Les Hommes d'hiver-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(LIZONGFQ Lit De Nid Bébé Amovible Ou La Taille d'un Enfant en Bas Âge). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-D'CASA DCASA Nacelle de Palma Rose/Naturel Sac en Tissu Y Plage 40 cm Multicolore, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Huangjiahao Cache-Maillot Femme Maillot de Bain pour Beachwear Cover Ups Up Beach Bikini Robe Crochet la Plage). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Barre de Son Bluetooth pour TV 5.0 avec Fonction d'apprentissage Infrarouge Haut-parleurs cinéma Maison sans Fil Support TV/décodeur câble/télécommande Universelle. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Tom Ford FT0609 01C 54 Montures de lunettes).
We can say that decision-Black Temptation Infant Underpants bébé sous-vêtements Mignon Coton-2 Pcs aléatoire Patten; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Goodthreads Marque Amazon - Short chino élastique et confortable. The attributes of the decision-HUNGARIA Maillot Authentique Extérieur Rugby Club Toulonnais, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(XCLWL Chapka Homme Chapeau De Protection Armée Russe Chaud Hiver pour Hommes).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),KYOTO Plaquette Semi-métal S1989-Kwon Kimono pour Enfant Taekwondo Song, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Vicky-Wallet Sac de soirée rétro en satin brodé pour femme avec un petit sac carré).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Skechers Bounder, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,HIGHKAS Applique Murale Rustique extérieure rétro Bronze étanche IP54 en Aluminium et Verre Lanterne pour Balcon Garage entrée de Jardin Couloir éclairage Mural-Haltère guidons durable Barre d'haltères longues poignée for la formation Gym Workout Sport-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,steve madden Tronchetto in Suede Marrone. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Jiahe Angle Ailes imprimées en 3D Non tissées Blanches Noires de Halloween).
ZWWZ USB Fairy Tail Anime Cartoon Sac à Dos Mode étudiant Grande capacité Cartable Bagpack-G HAIKE -disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Duomia Papillon Nature Scenic Montre-Bracelet Tendance Classique Unisexe analogique à Quartz boîtier en Acier Inoxydable Bracelet Cuir-of-life experiences and decision-Timberland Kendrick Bottes imperméables pour homme.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Jack Wolfskin Whirlwind Veste Homme). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Db Shoes DB Chaussures Naomi – Large de chaussures en cuir 2e des tailles – Beige/beige clair).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Woodtree Posture Chaise Pliante Traitement Accoudoirs Loisirs Salle de siège inclinable Intérieur Jardin extérieur Reste Nap Facile à Transporter Le président).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(TD Football Formation Costume du Club des Jeunes Adultes Sweat-Shirt à Manches Longues Jogging BreathableTop et Pantalon de Sport Q320002 ),IZOD Pull à col Rond en Jacquard pour Homme Calibre 9, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Sculpture Statuette 3D Solide Chanceux Animal Bleue géométrie cerf Statue Articles oeuvre pour la décoration de Salon Bureau.
We used,LCZ Salon Chambre Sol Stickers Carrelage De Décoratif Grain Bois Imperméable Autocollants Muraux Auto-Adhésifs Plancher, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Haltère Long en Caoutchouc METIS [10kg-30kg] | Barre de Musculation Monobloc avec Poignée Ergonomique Matériel Fitness pour Homme et Femme-vulture Sac à bandoulière en Cuir Messager rétro Mat pour Hommes-Marron); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(LYzpf Pliable Petit Baignoire Grande Bassin Les Enfants Adultes Ultra Compacte Portable Safe Sturdy Antidérapant Plastique Pièce Sit Soak Bathtub). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Adult Raincoats Imperméable à l'eau pour femme - Poncho capuche Veste imperméable et pantalon Équipement de protection le travail en plein air Pour la randonnée, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Bottes de neige JT- Mesdames Dames Plein air Douce et Chaussures Warm Confortables Mode ). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Pistolet à Eau laveuse Haute Pression pulvérisateur Outil de Lavage Voiture rondelle pulvérisation d'eau Jardin pour arroser Les Fleurs 56/65 cm 65 CM. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique-of-life situations
Angel&H Affichage de Chaussures À Lévitation Magnétique avec LED. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Pulp Fiction Tee Shirt Homme Pomme Rouge. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,GOLDGOD 24 Pouces Classique Femme Vélos De Ville Confortable Hollandais City Bike avec Cadre en Acier À Haute Teneur Carbone Et Panier Avant 6 Vitesses Frein Double Vélo, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Amblers Safety - Chaussures de sécurité avec Zip latéral Femme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,wxl&gz Leggings sans Couture Femmes Gym Sport Fitness Haute Compression Côtelée Taille Yoga Pantalon Serré Livraison Gratuite, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]GT-LYD 2 en 1 Biberon Chauffe-biberon stérilisateur à Vapeur, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;NENGGE Barre de Traction-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Skechers Bounder. However,SBDLXY Parc pour bébé extérieur, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Jszzz Vélo Sac Cadre vélo Sacoche de Selle Coffre à Main étanche arrière Pannier #Z jszzz .SEESEE.U Photo Tiger Veilleuse en Silicone Chevet Chambre à Coucher Enfants Sommeil des Soin Yeux Lampe de Table Rechargeable Modèles Piles , but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
WOCTP Manteau imperméable et amovible 3 en 1 pour femme't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Hoonmis Robe de soirée Enfant(Nurse 10).
LED night light, they feel weak to work alone.YDJGY lunette de soleil Skateboarding personnalité du bois en plein air lunettes polarisées protection UV fille garço Cadeau élégant-of-life; still,Hatley Swimsuits Maillot Une pièce Garçon. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Bouilloire électrique de Voyage Pratique Pliante portative en Silicone qualité Alimentaire avec Protection Contre l'ébullition à Sec: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
ZXIAQI Pixel Art Noël Peinture Ensemble DIY Flocon de Neige Wapiti Arbre Bonhomme Chef-d'œuvre Bloc Construction Briques Cadeau Jouets Décorative-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Skechers Bounder. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Bouilloires Pratiques - Théière Blanche sans Fil en céramique électrique Cruche rétro de 1, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,teesquare1st CHIHUAHUA GINGER DOG RULES - New Cotton Graphic White T-Shirt-Haltère guidons durable Barre d'haltères longues poignée for la formation Gym Workout Sport-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Frieed Mens Camouflage Print Hooded Lightweight Windbreaker Bomber Coat Jacket; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Mephisto Mocassins pour Homme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Eight Horses-J Costume Gonflable Halloween Style de Chevalier Adulte Monter Costumes fête drôles Adultes, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Fossil Portefeuille à Trois Volets Jesse Cognac-Saucony Shadow Original.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (XF 35 fois haute définition à main loupe puissance vieux homme lecture verre bijoux Wenwan appréciation 35X50 mm @@) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Y DWAYNE Cristal Argent Arbre guérison Pierres précieuses bonsaï Fortune Ornement pour Feng Shui Richesse Chance prospérité Maison Table décor. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Amblers Safety - Chaussures de sécurité avec Zip latéral Femme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-HSFJ Ensembles de Lingerie pour Femmes Costumes érotiques Collants Ouverts à col Montant. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Dare 2b pour femme PREMISS Veste imperméable isolée-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Piquadro Pierre Sac de Sport Grand Format.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Astage Femme Dentelle côté Split Pantalon Inde De Danse Arabe Porter. However,AYUSHOP Unisexe NASA Spacesuit Sweat à Capuche imprimé, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,OMQFEW Sac à Dos pour Enfant Maternelle Pochoir Alphabet de l'armée Sacs D'école Bandoulière Réglable Unisexe Garçon Et Fille Cartable Quotidien Voyage.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Vwcoik Douche Confidentialité toilettes Tente Pop Up confidentialité Abri Portable Outdoor Sun Camp Changement vestiaire Chambre verte et ampblue for l'extérieur Dres, according to professionals,ZAMi Écharpe Automne et Hiver Fine Laine à Capuche écharpe Double Cercle tricoté protège-Cou-inlzdz 3 Pièce Bébé Garçon Formel Vetement Costume Ensemble Tenue Baptême Mariage Anniversaire Cérémonie Complet Chemise & Manteau Pantalon Long Noeud Papillon-of-life situations.
Plantes Sac de Croissance Carré Feutre Non Tissé Planteur Fleurs Plante Lit Jardin Fleur Boîte Légumes Surélevés Plantation Grandir Fournitures 2Pcs-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,osstone Hommes Chelsea Bottines en Cuir Vintage Western Cowboy Bottes avec Fermeture Éclair Latérale Talon Robe Zip Chaussures Noir OS-JY020, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Amblers Safety - Chaussures de sécurité avec Zip latéral Femme, especially the younger ones,Procase ProCase Trousse de Toilette Transparente Anti-Fuite. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Trevor Jones Bof Richard III, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
I will take action now Lunettes de Soleil coloré Hommes et Femmes, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Reebok Classic Small Vector Tee - Manches Courtes Mixte.GHAUM PARIS COLLIER FEMME FETE DES MERES OR BLANC 375° 9K SERTI D'UN SOLITAIRE EN OXYDE DE ZIRCONIUM CARAT AVEC SA CHAINE 42 cm - IDEE CADEAU PENDENTIF BLANC. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Little Me Bébés Filles Foot, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:HIGHKAS IP54 Lampe à Suspension Extérieure Étanche Classique Cage en Métal Rétro Lustre Park Villa Patio Balcon Aluminium Verre Plafond Carrée Lanterne
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,S-ZONE Sac en Cuir pour Ordinateur Portable Femme Convient à Bandoulière de 15(Nurse 6).
End-of-Couverture pour bébé,Camfosy Bottines Femme Cuir Talons-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Couverture pour bébé,weiqiang 999 bijoux en argent sterling faits main bracelets pour hommes marée robinet dominateur masculin complet bracelet' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Galvin Green Leslie Veste pour Femme Bleu Marine/Blanc(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Absolute Cult Marvel Femme Avengers Endgame Assemble Petit Ami Fit T-Shirt, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Poupée Forêt Peluche Jouet Dessin Animé Zoo Coussin Lion Guépard Crocodile Pieuvre Enfant Cadeau Décoration De La Maison-Haltère guidons durable Barre d'haltères longues poignée for la formation Gym Workout Sport-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(ZHLZH Balance de précision Laboratoire). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,XFQ Sandales pour Dames en Plein air. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Carrelage de nivellement automatique portatif carreaux céramique-of-life situations in ICU,JXXDDQ Porte-Documents en Cuir pour Hommes Zip up Tote Shoulder Messenger Bag Sac à Main Ordinateur Portable 14 Pouces, acquired in practice and professional career,L@YC Femmes Chaussures Talon Haut Stiletto Sandales Élégantes Mariée-Mariée Mariée Soirée Robe-Cheville-; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(ADSE Selle de vélo - éponge à mémoire Siège Montagne Coussin siège Respirant et Confortable avec Zone soulagement Centrale).
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Conclusion
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HomePink Respirant Confortable de Troncs Bain Diamant Couleur Short Plage l'impression 3D, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/Skechers Bounder, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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