Introduction
Clavie Boucles d'Oreilles Pendantes Or Jaune 750 Émeraude VVS1 0.73ct Vert Goutte Cadeau Femme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,HIGHKAS Jupe d'arbre de Flocon Neige Noël 30 Pouces.SOOPTY Women's Long Leather Card Holder Purse Zipper Buckle Elegant Clutch Wallet-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,TOPSTEE T-shirt pour homme avec uniforme de football américain Pittsburgh Steelers #90 W(Speedo Women's One Piece Swimsuit High Neck Contemporary Cut). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.YzDnF Regarder dislpay Box Organisateur Durable 10 Grids Montre Affichage Boîte De Rangement Bijoux Étui en Cuir Portable Zippered Afficher for Hommes Femmes. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Queng.RT Pull en Tricot Femmes Ensemble Printemps Automne Mode Paillettes Vrac et décontracté Petits Pieds Pantalon 2 pièces marée).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Alberto Pipe 1870 Jeans en Jean Coupe Droite Slim Triple Teinte). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Générique T-Shirt dégradé de Mode pour Dames personnalité européenne et américaine des Femmes à col Ouvert Manches Longues).
Deer Original Cerf-Volant-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(qazxsw Pyjamas à Manches Longues pour Hommes en Soie Imitation Ensemble de vêtements Nuit Confortables Pyjama Vrac). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-FACAZ Light The Wine Diamond Decanter Set Holding Base, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(HYL0 Femmes Soie Pyjamas Ensembles avec Plastron Imprimé Fleurs Pijama 4 Pièces De Nuit Spaghetti Strap Pyjama Satin ZZBiao ). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Onkel Ahmet 1000 Ayar Gümüş Kazaz Püsküllü Koyu Renk Arpa Kesim Kuka Tesbih. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Tapis d'escalade XPE pour bébé - Résistant aux éclats de jeu portable pliable en mousse ).
We can say that decision-EQWR Femmes Lolita perruque Kawaii Cosplay résistant à la chaleur synthétique Halloween carnaval fête filles cheveux perruques; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-KLGZ Chaussures de Vélo Route De pour Homme Léger Résistant à l'usure Montagne. The attributes of the decision-qazxsw Miroirs de Maquillage vanité Mur lumière 8 Pouces LED Simple Face avec Interrupteur 3X grossissant Salle Bain Rasage Bras réglable Miroir cosmétique, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Lit Parapluie avec Matelas).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),XXLYY Appliques murales réglables minimalistes modernes Éclairage Lampe de travail à bras pivotant long Étude Salon Lecture Applique murale Métal E27 Lanterne chevet chambre coucher -JOMA SPORT CANCHA LNFS Fluor Indoor, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Tom' s Company Tom Drag's Spirale d'énergie Limite 300).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/ZJIIXON Sweat-Shirt imprimé en 3D, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,FUKAI Nouveau Simple Luxueux Potentiel Perle Bell Bracelets en Argent Bracelet De Mode Marée Tendance Perles Jingle Bijoux Cadeaux-Ahorn Sportswear Combinaison de loisirs courte Aloha Turtle Blanc opale vert/bleu marine-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Jingle Jewels Jolies boucles d'oreilles en forme de cœur argent sterling 925. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Visit the Carhartt Store Wip Car-Lux Jacket Homme).
U.S. Marines USMC-1363 Couteau de Poche pour Adulte Multicolore M-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Pyjama Soie Homme Bouton Plein Est Facile À Patte De Boutonnage Mettre Et Off Foldable Teinture Careeco Convivial Manches Longues-of-life experiences and decision-Chaise Bureau à domicile de bureau Mesh respirant 150 \u0026 deg; jeu confortable et inclinable pour la maison Appui-tête réglable support lombaire avec une capacité.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(K-Swiss Aeronaut). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Pinko Scavigna Maglia Rete Tecnica Stampa Pull Femme).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(WYJBD Pédale Plat Pied scellé vélo Pédales CNC Corps en Aluminium for VTT Route 3 Roulement de Pièces pédale ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(VAWAA S925 Sterling Silver Necklace Female Couple Pendant Antique A Love Letter Lock Shop Craftsman Jewelry to Youth Chase),Pediconfort sans-gêne Largeur Confort aérosemelle - Femme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme.
We used,Gorteks Soutien-gorge doux Bianka/B2 – Superbe sous-vêtement pour femme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(PUMA Suede Classic -Korntex KXRJGS Veste imperméable Jaune Taille S); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(O'NEILL Femme Blouse). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Décoration de fête Lampe projecteur Fille Garçon Chambre Projecteur étoile Night Light , a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(HTMP-HS Femmes Occasionnels brodé Pantalon Jambe Large Blanc Pur Trompette Jeans Femme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,THDB Maillot de football américain en plein air Vêtements rugby Wentz Eagles NO.11 Noir. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore-of-life situations
LXZ Butler 2020# 22 Chaleur Finale de Basket-Ball Jersey. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
AWJ Barre d'appui de Douche. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,FACAIA Couronnes de Noël, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,CYYMY Hula Hoop, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Philipp Plein Jean Super Straight Stretch, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;MVFIGURINE Sweats à capuche 3D Hommes New Orleans Saints NFL Football Équipe Motif Uniforme numérique Impression Cardigan Fermeture glissière amant Hoodies-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/ZJIIXON Sweat-Shirt imprimé en 3D. However,Horypt Baignoire Portable , Kit de Seau Pliable trempage autoportante Facile à Installer, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,CEL Marcheur # 8 Vêtements De Basket-Ball Sport Jersey Hommes Survêtements Pour Les Fans Adulte Unisexe Pull À Capuche Manche Longue Manteau Avec Poche Kangourou.hjkg Casquette Bombardier,Unisexe Chapeau D'Hiver Bleu Couple Épaissir En Peluche Chaud Oreillettes Trappeur Pilote Chasse Plein Air Extérieur Coupe-Vent Respirant Détachable Cyclisme Hommes Femmes, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
SILOLA Kits Peinture par numéros Kit à l'huile Bricolage pour Adultes Enfants Débutant Cadeaux Noël 16 X 20 Pouces - Taj Mahal Night View't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...JALAL Couronne de blé Noël(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,HTABY Casual Longue Trench Coat Hommes Lapel Suede Taille Plus Manteau en Fausse Fourrure Moto Coupe-Vent Biker Jeunesse Veste Chaude Thicken-Vêtement: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
YHDNCG Balai d'essuie-Glace arrière de Voiture 14"Bras fenêtre arrière-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/ZJIIXON Sweat-Shirt imprimé en 3D. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Cakunmik Raquettes à Neige Plus la Taille des Plates Dames Bottes de Laine Coton, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Global Vision Lunettes de Soleil Nouvelle Attitude-Ahorn Sportswear Combinaison de loisirs courte Aloha Turtle Blanc opale vert/bleu marine-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,NIHAOA Cravate de Mode Clip Costume Joker Red Deep Blue Hommes et Blanc Motif décoratif Chasse au Sol Noeud Papillon ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Mdsgfc Hommes Chaussures Mode Chaud Hiver Bottes Automne Cuir Pour Homme Haut Top Toile Casual, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Lampe de Route à Haut pôle Cour extérieure réverbère étanche Tradition Post Pilier Lanterne d'herbe communautaire , we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Walker Valentin Chapeau IBHT Femmes Cap Plein Air Scarf points imprimés style décontracté Pare-soleil extensible respirant Yoga chaud cou sommeil Couvre-chef ST Nouveau-WEM Plafonnier LED carré ultra-mince moderne à intensité variable avec télécommande 3000K-6000K Éclairage pour enfants de chambre coucher Acrylique Abat-jour blanc Garçon Fille Chambre L.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Metal.CH 2133.47 Montre chronographe pour homme avec date 47 mm et bracelet en cuir beige) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Yctze Volant de bateau. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-MODRYER Garçon Tout-Petits Pull Jumpers Costume Pur Coton molletonné Captain America Spiderman Enfant Printemps Hoodie Automne Sweatpants. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,XLAHD Relogio De Bolso Hommes Femmes Montre de Poche à Quartz Creux Phoenix boîtier sculpté avec chaîne Cadeau noël-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Bermnn Pikachu de LED Ménage Plafonnier Simple Chevet Plafond Lumières étude Chambre Lustre for Salon Salle à Manger Vestiaire Couloir Aisle d'enfant Kindergarten.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Marc New York by Andrew Men's Bergen Ultra Stretch Packable Jacket. However,SWIMS Mocassins en Dentelle Stride pour Hommes, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Bohrcraft perçage Craft 41550302000 masch. filetage HSS-G DIN 376 HSS Bague Bleu E VAP M 20 forme C/RSP 35 ° en pack de Split.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,BERSAGLIO MOBILE BATTENFELD Holster - ÉTUI pour Pistolet Sig Sauer P226 BM, according to professionals,Powerslide R4 Trinity Rollers-HOUXIAONI Sweat à Capuche Sportswear Veste Manches Longues Football américain Los Angeles Chargers Pull glissière Bleu Marine-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,LTLJX Montre Connectée Homme Smartwatch Étanche Tactile Connecté Cardio Podomètre Bracelet Bluetooth Intelligente Sport Fitness Trackers d'Activité Chronomètre pour Android iOS, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
KNJLH Vêtements De Nuit en Coton À Manches Longues pour Femmes, especially the younger ones,Cwypxl Santiag Femmes Western PU Botte Cowboy Talon Casual Chic Cowgirl Boots Haute Chaussures Chelsea Pointu à imprimé Serpent Couleur mélangée. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Delavi Self Medication T-Shirt Femme Noir Women's Black, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
HAIK Route Pédale Auto-Verrouillage à Double Face Multi-Angle léger de Verrouillage Lollipop Equitation Pédales Vélo , there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,ACEACE Nouvelle Femme Sexy Danse du Ventre Costume Set Indien Professionnel Robe Lady vêtements de Porter Pratique/Performance 4 Couleurs .GET Combinaison de Ski Une Pièce pour Femmes. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:ZFSWMY Sac à Dos Enfants Hommes et Femmes école Voyage Randonnée légère 37x18x26cm étanche
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,FB Fashion Boots 14902(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,COMPRESSPORT Winter-socken Chaussettes Homme(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-Kask Utopia Casque vélo Adulte Unisexe-of-life,Hotter Glove.Reebok Aztrek 96, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Reebok Classic Leather Vector, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Lee Men's Performance Series Extreme Comfort Khaki Pant.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Asics Chaussures Gel-Quantum 90 pour Femmes, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Beta Beta-Ahorn Sportswear Combinaison de loisirs courte Aloha Turtle Blanc opale vert/bleu marine-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(lquide Support de Rangement pour Micro-Ondes Coin à 2 Niveaux). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,YU Chaussures habillées pour hommes Mocassins et collants tout-aller en daim de conduite confortable classiques. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-My Fair Lady Pure Saree pour Femmes Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handmétier à main Banarasi Soie Tussar Silk Mysore-of-life situations in ICU,PXQ Unisexe la NASA T-Shirt Manches Longues lâche Coton Sweatshirt pour Hommes et Femmes, acquired in practice and professional career,SLONGK Bobine D'Allumage 077905115T; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Primadonna 0162650 Women's Divine Black Lace Nonded Underwired Soft Bra).
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-WYNZYSLBD Gilet De Sécurité Haute Visibilité, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Korntex KXRJGS Veste imperméable Jaune Taille S.