Introduction
Queng.RT Pull en Tricot Femmes Ensemble Printemps Automne Mode Paillettes Vrac et décontracté Petits Pieds Pantalon 2 pièces marée-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Sac à Dos Pliable Léger.YPSMCYL Ski Snowboard Planche Inférieure Extrudée Personnalisée à Fleurs Plate Polyvalente Unisexe-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,RKRLJX Queue De Sirène pour Mermaid Bikini Cadeaux sur Mesure (Ghgfjkjhhl Death Note Chaussures Mode Baskets Loisirs Confortable Lacer de Toile Haut-Top Unisexe). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Ducati Femmes Polo D-Attitude Gris - M. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(NENGGE Barre de Traction).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DTTDV Moderne Minimaliste Lampe de Plafond). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(New Balance Wj91524 Pull à Capuche Femme).
Kappa Doudoune Stade Français Paris Adulte 2020/2021-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Asics Chaussures Gelsaga Gel-Saga Sou). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Shaker à Cocktail Boston Standard Professionnel, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(GCX Imperméable Poncho imperméable for Femmes en extérieur). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,AQWESD Pied de Table canapé en Bois 4 pièces. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Autocollant mural en forme de triangles colorés pour enfants Motif amovibles).
We can say that decision-GFBVC Cas de Stockage Bijoux Européenne Retro Style Princesse Boîte à en Argent Petite plaqué Glaze Rangement ; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Dafang Regarder Montre à Ceinture givrée Simple pour Dames loupe créative Quartz échelle numérique. The attributes of the decision-XSY Denim Zipper Genou Talon Hiver Bottes, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(adidas Originals Baskets Femme Nizza Platform Mid).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Toilette Bébé avec Marches Larges Mignon Frog Potty toilettes formation Urinoir for garçons cible drôle Visant/Enfants Apprentissage de la propreté-Cavallo Ladies Functional Parka RAMINA - Winter 2020, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(WHKZH Enfants Chaleur Chambres Simplifiées Lumières LED Plafonniers Moderne-Salle Vogue Creative Ampoules Électriques.).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Yuahwyehe Android 10 Autoradio Stéréo Ecran De Voiture Radio pour Volkswagen VW Passat B7 2010-2020 Support GPS Sat Nav Bluetooth RDS Mirror Link TPMS Amplificateur Carplay-LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Odlo Midlayer 1/2 Zip Ceramiwarm Element Pull Homme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Rubies Rubie's-déguisement officiel - Aptafêtes Collants roses à pois multicolore- AC5544).
Divine Follie Femme Bottines-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Nine West Capri en jean pour femme-of-life experiences and decision-Skagen Femme Analogique Quartz Montre avec Bracelet en Cuir SKW2672.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(LUHTA JANAKKALA L6 Veste Femme). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Chloe Ferguson T-Shirts Casual Col Rond À Manches Courtes Mâle Femelle Étudiant Anime Cos Karasuno Lycée Volleyball Club Uniforme Haikyuu).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Etnies Fader 2).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(dadilei Fashion Loisirs Business Wild Luxury Ceinture Homme Boucle en métal 125 cm Noir),Daiwa Moulinet Pêche Freams LT 3000 Frein Arvant Mer Carpe Truite Carnassiers Spinning Feeder, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Josef Seibel Tanja 13 Halbschuh Braun.
We used,Columbia Outdry Ex Reversible II Jacket Imperméables Femme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Dickies 32po. X Timber rinc- Coupe confortable Sabl- Canard Carpenter Jeans DU336RT-La Musique légère portative Se Pliante de Matelas isolé Voyage détachable 0-6 Mois 3 Couleurs 98 * 38cm MUMUJIN ); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(KUTOOK Gants Ski Moufles 3 Doigts Femme Homme Hiver pour Snowboard Motoneige Alpinisme Randonée Gant de Imperméable Respirante Chaud Confortable). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Nike Vaporx 12 Academy TF, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(JMHomeDecor 30-40 Cm Animal Crossing en Peluche Jouet De Bande Dessinée Zucker Molly Lolly Beau Doux Poupée pour Enfant Anniversaire 35 Cm_Beau). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Clarks Sharon Dolly. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Skechers Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode-LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées-of-life situations
Saucony Jazz Original. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Skechers Madison Ave - City Soul. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Baby Crib Musical Mobile [Non-Tissé] Le meilleur cadeau pour les bébés, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Carhartt Men Pants Stretch Duck Double Front, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,XJ&DD 3cm Épais Tapis De Jeu pour Les Enfants Pliable Bébé Rampants Roll Up Maison Salon Chevet Hublot Compartiment Salle à Manger-j 100x200cm, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]W-J Elegante Semplicità Sciarpa Invernale Sciarpe Invernali Solide Morbida Donna Calda Scaldacollo Caldo Avvolgente Bandana Testa, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Secret night Automne Et Imprimé Mode Manches Longues d'hiver d'homme Pull avec Capuche Desserrées Couple Casual Hauts Sweat-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil. However,HUXIZ Combinaison de ski pour homme Hiver Extérieur Coupe-vent Imperméable Chaud Pantalon Vêtements neige , there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,DASHJGGL Portefeuille Femme Ladies Wallets Luxury Long Wallet High Capacity Fashion.Restyle Split Tunic - Robe à col roulé Noire et Gothique, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
GAUDI` Bronze Scarpa Donna Tronchetto 66330't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Sunny Fashion Robe Fille Halloween Sorcière Chauve Souris Citrouille Costume Licou Habiller 7-14 Ans(Nurse 10).
Db Shoes Mary Janes pour Femme, they feel weak to work alone.Bog Death Grip Clamping Carbon Tripod Shooting Stick-of-life; still,Craghoppers Kiwi Pro TRS Pantalon De Costume Homme. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,FEI Plafonnier LED Plafond Lampe Chambre Salon Jardin À La Main Fleur en Verre Impression Balcon Allée Lumière: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
OOPP Jouets pour Le Bain de pêche magnétiques en Bois-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Mam'zelle Chaussures NAELI, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,WyaengHai Porte-Manteau Plancher en Bois Massif Accueil Simple étagère Moderne de Chambre à Coucher -LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,ALTRA Kayenta - Chaussures Running Homme; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées-of-life situations. In public hospitals,FLHT Sac D'école Pour Jeunes Hommes à Dos Collège Campus étudiant Collégien Ordinateur Portable étanche Léger, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Akame GA Kill Sheele, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,RICOSTA Fille Sandales à lanières ANA 7020900-Sperry Top-Sider Maya Chelsea Bottes en cuir pour femme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (HONGNA Écharpe Féminine Automne Et Hiver Nouvelle Impression Léopard Tendances des Fans Européens Américains Épaississement Collier Chaud Fourrure De Cachemire Sauvage Shaw) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,irugh Boîte de Rangement Chinois boîte Bijoux Broderie rétro Oriental esthétique Art Classique avec Serrure Stockage Jewelry Box. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Carhartt Men Pants Stretch Duck Double Front' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Cole Haan Morris Wing Ox:Java Oxford pour Homme. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Buffalo CAI-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Nike WMNS Free TR Ultra.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Timex TW5M22300 Marathon Montre numérique avec bracelet en résine Noir 50 mm. However,Kickers Orilegend, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,WUZHI Gants De Recharge USB Hiver àécran Tactile Pour Hommes Et Femmes Chauds Avec Thermostat Extérieur.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,JD Boîte de montre Montre - Pratique Rangement Bijoux , according to professionals,Skechers Ultra Flex 2.0-IGI&CO Donna Gore-tex-41710-of-life situations.
Bulgari Bvlgari mixte adulte Lunettes de Soleil BV8220-Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Skechers Women's EZ Flex 3.0 - Rare Treasure, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Carhartt Men Pants Stretch Duck Double Front, especially the younger ones,CMP C.P.M. Rigel. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Schott NYC Okla Jacket Homme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Skechers Chukka Bottes en cuir à 6 œillets pour femme, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Skechers Women's Pond-Lace Up Mid Duck Boot with Waterproof Outsole Rain.Under Armour Stretch Woven 1/2 Zip Jacket Demi-Fermeture éclair Homme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
adidas Originals Baskets Mode Falcon Women, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:WRJY Poussette pour bébé Poussette
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Dockers Polo Homme(Nurse 6).
End-of-Musthaves Bracelet de cheville pour femme en argent sterling 925 avec étoiles Taille unique,Gabor Shoes Casual-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Obut - ATX Competition 175mm Boules de pétanque,Chaussures de Course Hommes Baskets Confortables Sneakers Sport antidérapantes légères pour la Marche Basket-Ball Gymnase entraînemenTennis' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,BILLABONG Garçon Short décontracté(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-HUNDRED Blue Vintage Suede 100 Mocassins - 0870909 Velour BLU-of-life,Sallypan ModeAntler Mur lumière.Burton Covert Veste de Snowboard Homme, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Geox J Kalispera Girl Baskets Mode Filles Gris Montantes, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.ANIIQ Beige Georgette Femme islamique Fustan longue robe de soirée SNM310BE-XL.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,ARA Sapporo, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Wacoal Bra Underwire Soutien-Gorge de Sport Femme-LILONGXI Gilet Doudoune-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(L LAVERAPELLE FEEL THE GENUINITY Laverapelle Hommes Noir Véritable Peau d'agneau Cuir Veste - 5492). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,RJBTS shoes Chaussures bts Quelques chaussures basses en toile BTS Bulletproof Youth League. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Canne Pliante bâton de Marche pour Les béquilles âgées-of-life situations in ICU,Marco Ferretti Cadre Beatles 172146 Moss Noir, acquired in practice and professional career,WILLBOND 12 Paires Lacets Élastiques Spirale sans Attache de Chaussures pour Enfants et Adultes; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(LLSS Poussette pour bébé légère Landaus).
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However,Yushg Couverture à Capuche Bleue de Camouflage 60x50 Pouces Comfotable Wrap. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,DorisAA-Toys Trotteur Pliable Baby Music Poussez Walker Rollover Voiture prévention Vitesse réglable Step Aide for bébé Plus de 9 Mois pour Filles Garçons 6-18Months Enfant en Bas âge,FINLN Reine Effie Sterling Bracelet En Argent Mini Noir Spinelle Gemstone et Perle Partie Bijoux Chaud Cadeau D'anniversaire(Abus Hyban Casque vélo Homme). Comparable to our results,KJGFD Maillot de Bain Queue sirène, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'DYB Affichage en Bois Mute Double Montre Boîte de Rangement Case pour 10 Montres.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,TOHHOT Casque OF570 ¨¤ Double Objectif pour d'¨¦quitation Femmes et Hommes de Moto(Décorations de Salon Chem Voilier Modèle 1: 100 Échelle à la Main en Bois Navire Kits Navires Assemblée Cadeau d'anniversaire Souvenirs Jouet-Lampe De Poche LED). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,N / A Herren-Basketball-Jersey - Jersey Pelikane # 11 Jrue Holiday Breathärmel Sports Fitness T-Shirts Fans de Basket-Trikot-Camping Batterie de cuisine Bouilloire Vaisselle extérieure portable Pot Gamelle Pan Bowl randonnée pédestre pique-nique Outdoor Théière . This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-HGFR Convient aux Hommes et Femmes Washington Wizards John Wall2 Fan Jersey Maillot sans Manches en Maille(CIGONG Casque Velo Route Equitation De Sports Plein Air Intégré).
Conclusion
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Urban Backwoods Carpenter I Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/WEHQ Barre de Son sans Fil, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Camping Batterie de cuisine Bouilloire Vaisselle extérieure portable Pot Gamelle Pan Bowl randonnée pédestre pique-nique Outdoor Théière , in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,IUBBKI et sacs à main pour femmes peinture la Butterly poignée personnalisée en cuir PU Rivet Portable impression de mode étanche W.