Introduction
Corde pour Bateau - 12 mm x 91 m Solide en Nylon tressé avec dé à Coudre et résistance la Rupture de 5850 kg-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Pandora Hearts Xerxes Break.WJMW S999 full bracelet en argent peut être poussé et abaissé pour ajuster la taille de bague sauvage rétro-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Clarks Women's Ayla Low Ballet Flat(ZWF Boots Bottes De Cow-Boy Homme). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.IKKS Doudoune Reversible Bleu Lavande/Blanc Cassé Blouson Fille. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(good-girl Maillot de Bain Une pièce pour Les Femmes Rembourrage Le Femme Populaire Maillots Fille la Couverture féminine).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(RS-Packaging Peli Air 1607 Diviseur avec système de séparation Orange Étui Protection étanche IP67). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(L.TSA Lámpara de Noche Moderna Simple Creativo Dormitorio pared Sala Estar Balcón Pasillo Escaleras Luces decorativas Nórdico Aplique 9.4inch / 5.9inch).
Harry wang Sweat à Capuche pour Hommes Bleu-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(ADSE Ensemble de Douche Mural thermostatique à Usage Domestique). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-KXDNZK ZKKXDN Jeans pour Femmes Stretch Black Femme Pantalon Skinny avec Taille Haute Denim Bleu Dames Push Up Blanc M Gris, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Converse Shoreline Slip on). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,ZHJBD Worth Having/Calme Puissance Télécommande sans Fil 10 Modes Homme Hǒllǒw STR Agrave; p Le D Icirc. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Pangdingk Costume Gonflable d'halloween de Forme Unique).
We can say that decision-Bfg Boots Femmes Bottines Stiletto Toe bout pointu Suede PU Martin bottillons glissière latérale Minimalisme Automne & Hiver Party Soirée; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-mys Sneaker Original Slim Personnalisé et Imprimés Low Unisex . The attributes of the decision-FYWTFY Netred Casual Ladies Work Wear Belle Veste, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(REWORDGT Leopard Patchwork Femmes Teddy Coat Automne Capuche Fluffy en Peluche d'hiver Fausse Fourrure Taille Plus).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Wangqiuying19 Cagoule multifonction 12 en 1-Tengyuntong NAasks Sweat-Shirt à Capuche, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Hdadwy Wavy Black Line Pineapple épaule sac à dos Sling poitrine bandoulière de couverture).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/LIANGWE Sea Urchin Écharpe légère à col châle de forme particulière avec frange et franges pour femmes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,KIUYMRV Sac de soirée pour Femme avec Strass et Doré-Yuanmeiju Call of Doodie Special Plops Diaper Backpack Sac de Voyage Haute capacité Mommy Bag-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,ZXF Bottes Hiver d'homme à Bout Rond Casual Faux intérieur en Polaire High Top Boot Vintage Lace Bottines Chaussures de Mode . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(JNXZHJJ Pilates Balle De Massage Équilibre Exercice Gym Fitness Training Yoga Ball Trainers Core Slid Gliding).
PUS Vêtements de basket-ball - sport Loisirs Course Pour enfants Rouge-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.1/6 Action Figure Accessoires Cristal Jouet Table De Débogage Chien Et Plate-Forme Ape Display Stand TTL pour HT VERYCOOL Jouer PHICEN-of-life experiences and decision-Sam Edelman Yaro.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Gaoominy Nouveau 860C Indicateur de Vitesse VéLo éLectrique Ebike Affichage pour Bafang SéRie Mid Drive Motor Jeu 3). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(CL'JD 6F004/ Multi).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(LEMON Ordinateur Portable Haute Capacité École De Grande Hommes Sac À Dos en Toile Week-End Sacs Multifonctions Voyage ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(yangyangyang Voyage réveil Chevet numérique avec Port de Charge USB LED veilleuse colorée Lumineux Affichage Multifonction Interrupteur Tactile muet L1372),Antica Cuoieria Stringate Donna Pelle oro, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Trespass Virtual Veste Femme.
We used,Falliback Haltères Fitness Exercice avec poids, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(NINE WEST Peep Toe Sandals for Girls - Comfortable Perforated Block Heel Low Chunky Open Kids Summer Booties Nile-Rose Gold-12-Under Armour Charged Rogue Twist Ice 302); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-PUMA Chaussures de Jeu Future Rider Neon pour Hommes-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Garmin Fenix 5 Plus Silver Bracelet Noir - Montre GPS Multisports avec cartographie). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.AueDsa Bague Femme Or Blanc 750/1000 Rond/Poire/Marquise Saphire Bleu 0.12-0.23ct Taille de 46.5-64, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(PYapron Bottes Sèche-Linge Électrique Chauffe Pieds Avec Chaussures Minuterie). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,WZR Femme's Synthétique Sandales Slipper Pantoufles. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-PUMA Chaussures de Jeu Future Rider Neon pour Hommes-of-life situations
ZXL Lampe Lampe. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Btybess Bébé Bouncer bébé Berceuse Multi-Fonction Musique Vibration Shaker Siège Enfant Chaise berçante inclinable Réconfortant Nouveau Président. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Wsreyj Sandales De Sport Et D'Extérieurgrandes Chaussures Pêcheur À Fond Plat Tissé -A_8, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Yamyannie Pantalons pour Homme Hommes Vintage Impression Ethnique Narrow-Pattes Pantalon en Vrac Harem D'été , especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,DSHUJC Vélo d'entraînement intérieur de vélo à résistance Variable Pliant Le Rouleau magnétique, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]WRQ Hyaluron Pen Kit avec Ampoule Têtes sans Douleur Les Rides Suppression Stylo Anti-Rides Dispositif Réduire Imperfections Restaurer Peau Élasticité, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Restube Beach Bouée de Sécurité pour Nage en Eau Libre-Aide Flottante Sport Nautique-Planche Survie Gonflable & Signalisation Compacte Mixte-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/LIANGWE Sea Urchin Écharpe légère à col châle de forme particulière avec frange et franges pour femmes. However,Horloge Murale silencieuse Moderne de Chat Dudu, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,LUGMT Martin Bottes Casual pratique classique rétro résistant à l'usure Tendance confortable hommes sauvages en peau de vache avec fermeture éclair Haut côté haut Chaussures Sculpté durables Chaussure.Nitro Futura TLS Bateau de snowboard pour femme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
B/H réglables - Pantoufles't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...XSENSIBLE Wembley Dark Blue Metallic (Nurse 10).
WEHQ Album Photo Bricolage Manuel en Daim Auto-adhésif, they feel weak to work alone.Forrest Gump bubba gump schrimps hutkappe rouge-of-life; still,DIY fun shop Sac à bandoulière. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Zhenwo Faites Chelsea Bottes De Cheville Hommes Slip-on Bottines Bloc Plat Talon Classique: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
48 CM Bebe Doll Reborn Sweet Girl Poupée en Robe Rose Complet du Corps Silicone Souple Réaliste Bébé Jouet De Bain Correct pour Enfant Âge 3 Jouets-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/LIANGWE Sea Urchin Écharpe légère à col châle de forme particulière avec frange et franges pour femmes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Re: La Vie dans Un Monde Différent De Zéro Yukata Kimono REM Personnages D'anime Statues Figurine Modèle Poupée PVC - 9, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,WOHAO Brossettes Masque Halloween Adulte Cosplay-Yuanmeiju Call of Doodie Special Plops Diaper Backpack Sac de Voyage Haute capacité Mommy Bag-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,TONSEE Femmes Hiver Casual Hooded Jacket Manteau Long à Capuche Sweatshirt Outwear; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-PUMA Chaussures de Jeu Future Rider Neon pour Hommes-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Sorel Youth Out N About Conquest, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,GFDGFDG Fibre De Carbone Modification Voiture Spoiler D'aile Arrière pour Le Style BMW X6 E71 P Aileron 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2020, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Lloow Chaise de Douche-Tondeuse à cheveux.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (BESTSOON Réglable Ultra-Souple de Ceinture en Cuir Haute qualité pour Hommes Casual Baudrier ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,AlokHnvj Banbag Simple De Canapé Paresseux. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Yamyannie Pantalons pour Homme Hommes Vintage Impression Ethnique Narrow-Pattes Pantalon en Vrac Harem D'été ' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-LJYY Uniforme de Tai Chi Costumes d'arts Martiaux Traditionnels en Mousseline Soie Kung Fu avec Impression Porcelaine Bleue et Blanche. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
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I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Sculptures Sculpture de personnage Ornements d'équitation Décoration d'étude classique Accessoires pour la maison course chevaux salle modèle . However,Head Ultimate Power 2020 Raquette de padel Verte, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,YZ-YUAN Modèle éducatif d'assemblage enseignement de l'anatomie orale du modèle Anatomique Nerf mandibulaire sous Le la mandibule Humaine pour l'école.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,GJBXP Biamoxer Cardcaptor Sakura carte claire capteur de Tomoyo Daidouji longue ondulée violet Cosplay perruque femmes fête perruques une taille, according to professionals,Festnight Femmes Vestes à Capuche entièrement zippées Sweat Sport Raglan nches Longues Poches Workout Running Exercice Gym Track Casual Tops Activewear-Yoga Studio Rouleau adhésif Oeko-Tex 20 m pour tapis de yoga-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Columbia Homme - Manches Courtes T-Shirt athlétique, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Yamyannie Pantalons pour Homme Hommes Vintage Impression Ethnique Narrow-Pattes Pantalon en Vrac Harem D'été , especially the younger ones,FEUER1 Sweat-shirt à capuche Bleu marine. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Reebok 2020 NHL Draft Flex Fit Hat pour homme , explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Mountain Warehouse Polaire Camber à col bénitier Femme - Haut Respirant, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,MotoGP Apparel Veste Polo Contrast Yoke.Brax Pantalon Femme. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
UGHUIHG Queen B Collage Beyonce, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:PUMA Ekstra
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Planches À roulettes pour Enfants(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,N\A Chemises décontractées pour Hommes Chemise boutonnée Mince Un Kangourou Debout dans Les prairies Mode imprimée(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,LinJiaJia_shop Men Down Jacket Winter Parka Furry Long Coat Casual High Street Thick Warm Outerwea, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Czcrw Robe Hommes Brogue Sculpté Chaussures Fashion Business Formelles Rétro Tendance Vintage Pointu Populaire Oxford Confort Classique à Lacets de Travail-Yuanmeiju Call of Doodie Special Plops Diaper Backpack Sac de Voyage Haute capacité Mommy Bag-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(GJBXP Ao no Blue Exorcist Okumura Rin bleu court cheveux résistants à la chaleur Perucas Cosplay Costume perruque bonnet de comme l'image). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Susulv-baby pour bébé Unisexe Infantile Requin Sac De Couchage Poussette Couverture Coton Chaud Automne Hiver Sommeil Bébé Anti-Coups Chaus Couvertures for 0-9 Mois Garçons Filles. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-PUMA Chaussures de Jeu Future Rider Neon pour Hommes-of-life situations in ICU,Réservoir D'eau Extérieur Avec Robinet, acquired in practice and professional career,Chauffe-biberon USB; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème).
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However,Lamarthe Sac porté bandoulière Croco Co10a - Marine. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,SUWEN Sandales Plates pour Hommes,YONGYONGCHONG Matériel de Danse Ballet Instep Shaper Pied- artefact Solide Pied du Corps Pied-de-biche Brancard(WJFXG Lampe de Plafond Moderne G4 Base cuivre Verre Cristal Plafonnier LED Dimming Chambre Salon Cuisine Salle à Manger décorative Intérieur Lampe). Comparable to our results,Kickers Orin Twin Toe Lo, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Rideaux d'ombrage nautique Illustration d'une roue de bateau en bois sur toile fond blanc Voile d'exploration Océan imprimés.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,MELAG Collier à mâcher sensoriel Pendentif 10 Pack Silicone Carré Ark Dent Gel pour Enfants Sensoriel Chew Dents Molaire Bâton (adidas Phosphere-Jack Wolfskin Mount Isa Femme Hardshell Veste). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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Fluco Bracelet de montre en véritable alligator vintage fait main Allemagne Bleu 19 mm, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/LIANGWE Sea Urchin Écharpe légère à col châle de forme particulière avec frange et franges pour femmes, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
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