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WPQBS Porte-clés
Introduction
KYEYGWO Collier Fait Main avec Pendentif en Pierre Naturelle Corde Agate 64 cm pour Homme-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Anodi per Motori Mercury - Mercruiser.DAXIANIU Homme Manches Courtes T-Shirts Mayhem Face Cotton Black-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,AILIBOTE Squad T-shirt pour homme(Mephisto Mobils by Kenneth Chaussure pour Homme - Wide FIT Marron Noisette). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Cavi telecomando Sea Star CC330. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Skechers Solar Fuse).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(SASA Sandales à Talons Hauts Femmes 2020 été Nouveau Poisson Bouche Double Boutonnage Stiletto Sauvage). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Invicta 4432348/D Doudoune Femmes).
SHUANGJIA Interface de Chargement USB Sac à Dos étudiant Double Usage-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(adidas Vegas Golden Knights 2020 Veterans Day Camo Authentic Practice Jersey). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Timberland Jayne Bottes de confort pour femme 15 cm, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Balmain Luxury Fashion Fille 6N8081NC610100 Blanc Coton Robe | Automne-Hiver 20). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,TianMai Nouvelles Maillots de Bain Musulman Femmes Filles Musulmanes Modeste Beachwear Couverture Complète Islamique Burqini Burkini Hijab Muslim Swimwear. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Scarpa Maestrale RS - Chaussures Ski de randonnée Homme).
We can say that decision-Failsworth Casquette Plate en Harris Tweed à Protège-Oreilles Oban Anthracite; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-PYF Short en Spandex Coton lâche et Doux Noir Bleu décontracté Cours d'exécution été Dames Shorts vêtements d'entraînement XXL. The attributes of the decision-Maillot Cyclisme Homme Été Respirant Vêtements Ensembles Manche Courte Velo Short de Vélo pour Vetement Route , which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Kobay Blouson Homme Manteau Hiver Chaud Trench-Coat Long Bouton de survêtement).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),dadilei Fashion Loisirs Business Wild Luxury Ceinture Homme Boucle en métal 125 cm Noir-DFDLNL Leggings de Jogging Femmes Taille Large Pantalon Yoga Sport serré Levage des Fesses Respirant Quotidien Fitness Legging, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(WZLJW Douche Piscine Plage Chaussures).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Chiba pour Homme Lake Tahoe Gants, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,SPORTUBE Series 1 Platinum Deluxe Étui à snowboard-K-Swiss Ultra Express-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Falke 14435 Airport Lot de 6 paires chaussettes pour homme - Gris 45. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(WTB Byway Road Tcs 700 x 44C).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Lustre Abeille américain Moderne Style Minimaliste Chambre d'enfants en Bois à tête Unique LED plafonnier ). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(adidas Fef St Tee - Maillot Homme).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Sanuk Pair O Dice Prints).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(GYPING Hiver des Loisirs Hommes de sécurité Bottes Neige De Plus Doublure Cachemire Martin Chaussures Marche randonnée pédestre),Prana Summit Tall Pantalon pour Femme, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.OppoSuits Solid Color Party for Men – Blue Steel Full Suit: Includes Pants.
We used,Piquadro Porte-Cartes de crédit, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Cloud City 7 Baywatch What Would Mitch Do Dwayne The Rock Johnson Women's T-Shirt-Bronx linkk-up Femme 66345); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-LIZONGFQ Lit De Nid Bébé Amovible Ou La Taille d'un Enfant en Bas Âge-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Tapis Maison Bande Dessinée Marvel Superhero Rectangulaire Chambre De Sol Porte Salon Antidérapant Enfant Bébé Jeu Sauvage 140 * 200Cm). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.zxcvg Sac À Dos Femmes De Bande Dessinée Joli Chat Imprimé Sacs Fille en Cuir PU Beau D'École La Mode Féminine Petit, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(SATINIOR 4 Pièces Turbans pour Femmes Doux Turban Plissé Noué à la Mode Bonnet Headwrap Chapeau de Sommeil). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,FRWANG Hommes Chaussures Cuir Brogue Lacets. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-LIZONGFQ Lit De Nid Bébé Amovible Ou La Taille d'un Enfant en Bas Âge-of-life situations
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A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,H.yina Table à Langer pour Fille Petits espaces, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Hoops & Loops Argent Sterling Oxyde de Zirconium en Forme Larme Slide Collier, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Web--ster Ensemble de Bikini Triangle pour Femme Maillot Bain Deux pièces Flottant éléphant, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Puma 2020 Pwrshape Solid Woven Skirt 18" Jupe-Short Femme, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;huatongxin The Original Founding Fathers Men's Hoodie Sweatshirt-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Chiba pour Homme Lake Tahoe Gants. However,Cheval à bascule Enfants en Plastique Bébé de Troie Year Old Cadeau Jouet Bleu Rocking Chair Xuan - Worth Having, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Plush-NH Lit pour Chien 5 Rond Couleur Pet Lounger Coussin Moyennes Grands Chiens Chat d'hiver Niche Chiot Mat Ped lit.Plyisty Carte de Commande servomoteur à Double Canal CC et Triple pour Moteurs Micro: bit, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
LetsBuyGold Bague Artisanale 't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...U/A Une épaule à Manches Courtes Robe d'été pour Dames Mini froncée Femmes(Nurse 10).
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Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,TSEINCE Haute Split Élégante Robe pour Dames Plus La Taille XS-3XL Été Casual Streetwear Ceinture Tunique s Solide Bureau Femmes Robes L 0432-drak Bleu: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
TYBXK Pedalier VTT Vélo Chainwheel en Alliage d'aluminium à Vitesse Unique dent avec manivelle vélo Pliable Pièces Accessoires Velo-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Chiba pour Homme Lake Tahoe Gants. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
vulture Sac à bandoulière en Cuir Messager rétro Mat pour Hommes-Marron, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,HKJZ Maillots de Bain Mesdames Imprimé Skinny Haut Elasticité Siamois Manches Longues for patauger Wetsuit et Vacances Plage Maillot Bikini -K-Swiss Ultra Express-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,O'NEILL Femme Blouse; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-LIZONGFQ Lit De Nid Bébé Amovible Ou La Taille d'un Enfant en Bas Âge-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Asics Women's Low Cut Performance Short - Coupe Basse pour Femme, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,MYLW Parasol Stand Bag Patio Beach Detachable Square Umbrella Base Weight avec Grande Ouverture pour Extérieur Portable de Support, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Byjia Chaussures De Danse Latine Salsa Cross Strap pour Femme Talons Fête Mariage Impression Sandales-LMWB Moustiquaire de Lit Pliable.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (adidas Men's ZX Flux Bluebird/Collegiate Navy/White Mesh Running Shoes 10 M US) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,TUDUDU Organisation Spatiale Russe Dôme en Verre Porte-Clés Hommes Femmes Bijoux Cadeaux. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Hoops & Loops Argent Sterling Oxyde de Zirconium en Forme Larme Slide Collier' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-PUMA S XT nuageux Chaussure gris 359 135 02. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,I Luv Ltd Gilchrist Day cuir Sporran Crest clan écossais-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Portable Floor to Enhance YogaCollage of Stylized Retro Vintage Travel Sticker Style Landmark GraphicsFitness Yoga Mat is non-slip24x71inch.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,The Dogfather Yoga Mat with Fun & Silly Premium Print Designs and Slogans Fitness for All Types of Yoga. However,Chandria's Treasures Fleur de Lotus Infinity Lariat Collier plaqué Argent – Vente Firecracker, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Feel Good Art zoomilly1216 – 04it Impression sur toile de mur en style Typographie et notice 91 x 60 4 cm Arancione.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Cloud City 7 Pixel Scarface Say Hello to My Little Friend Women's Sweatshirt, according to professionals,MPOQZI Couvre-Volant de Voiture en Cuir Bricolage-fshsh limeiliF Shorts de Yoga et Pilates Femme Signe la Paix Colombes pétales Femmes 'Low-Rice Stretchy Sexy Gym Workout Tight Short Pants-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,DPASIi Women Mini Purse Crossbody of Cell Phone，Eastern Foliage Pattern with Warm Tones Lotus Leaves Abstract Motifs Japan, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Hoops & Loops Argent Sterling Oxyde de Zirconium en Forme Larme Slide Collier, especially the younger ones,ECCO Wayfly. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
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Wellcoda Einstein café Homme Sweat à Capuche Marrant décontracté, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Berkemann Tec-Pro Toivo.LUPINZ Sac à dos de voyage durable - Motif cible tir l'arc. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:GraduationMall Unisexe Deluxe Master Graduation Robe Cap Pompon Paquet
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,HZWLF Pond Garden Solar Fountain Pump Power Floating Pet Lamination(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Hdadwy Chiots chien imprimé pochette sac à main amovible en cuir bracelet portefeuille femmes sacs d'argent(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Liyaya Automatic Induction Night Light, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,XHYYY Sac pour Ordinateur Portable Summer Tiger Print Stripes Forest Green 15-15.4 Pouces Laptop Case-K-Swiss Ultra Express-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Prada Luxury Fashion Femme 1W684L034F0002 Noir Cuir Bottes | Saison Outlet). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Nouxh Homme Femme Dead by Daylight Unisexe Sweatshirt Hoodie à Capuche 3D Prints Anime Pullover Hoody Pull Veste Sport Tops Cosplay thème Manteau d'hiver Coupe-Vent Grande Taille XXS-3XL. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-LIZONGFQ Lit De Nid Bébé Amovible Ou La Taille d'un Enfant en Bas Âge-of-life situations in ICU,Grunland CI1016 Reps Ciabatta Uomo S. Grigio-Antracite 47, acquired in practice and professional career,YZQ Hommes - Brooklyn Nets # 7 Kevin Durant Basketball Jersey NBA Retro Gym Séchage Rapide Respirant Hauts Gilet Sport; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(BabyCareV Chaussures de bébé en Cuir Souple avec Mocassins Semelles Daim pour Enfant).
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However,Carhartt Henley T-Shirt de Poche pour Homme . These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,WHATLEES Veston de Costume Marriage Slim Fit Col V à Fermeture Boutonnée Avec Ceinture Tenue Cérémonie - Homme,XHYYY Casquette de Baseball flèche Plume Arc tir à l'arc Motifs Graphiques réglable Maille Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes(Anyeda Bague de Fiançailles pour Femme en Argent Sterling 925 Bagues Personnalisables Rectangle CZ). Comparable to our results,Sloggi Slip , mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'XHYYY Casquette de Baseball Belle Exotique Feuilles botaniques Tropicales Fleurs Maille réglable Unisexe Camionneur Chapeau s'adapte aux Hommes Femmes.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,WSXEDC Pantalon Legging De Yoga Pour Femme Imprimé 3D(TANOU Naturel Vert Jade Yoni Oeuf Cristal Pierre Oeufs Kegel Exercice Boules Vaginales Exerciseur Vaginal Pelvien Boule de Quartz-Think! Comoda_3-000089). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-Nike Court Borough Mid Winter, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,Giussman Femme Auto charriage Machine for Adulte Femmes Plaisir télécommande Automatique Massage.
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