Introduction
ZLSANVD 22 pouces cruiser Conseil complète Longboard Édition spéciale y compris T-outils avec haute vitesse ABEC Roulements Chute-par les conseils de patinage Cruiser for enfants garçons jeunes -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Pleaser Delight 1018.Deck Chair Lounge Portable Folding Recliner Elderly Rocking Home Balcony Sun Lounger Adult Office Lunch Break Outdoor Beach Weight 200kg 162x54x92cm -disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Under Armour W HOVR Phantom Nc 3020976-6(Sponsorisé Vous voyez cette publicité en fonction de la pertinence du produit vis-à-vis à votre recherche. Faites-le nous savoir find. Marque Amazon - Connie-s2c1-court). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.ARIAT Skyline Mid H2o. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Toile Art déco Grand Paysage Peinture Plage Coucher de Soleil Image Vagues Moderne Chambre Mur Affiche tête lit décoration -50x150 cm).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Wellcoda Gratuit Câlins Cactus Femme Débardeur Spiky Maillot de Sport). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Baldinini Trend 669329 Chaussures en cuir pour femme Bleu).
ARIAT Quickdraw Venttek-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Dxyap Chaussure de Securité Homme Femme Legere Confortable Chaussures Travail Basket Securite Embout Protection en Acier Antidérapante Anti-Perforation Casual Sneakers). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Danielle Nicole Little Mermaid Ursula Crossbody, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Wsreyj Chaussures Femme Pantoufles Femmes Papillon Noeud Chaussures De Plage Slip on Tongs Dames -C_7.5). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,YzDnF Robe balancez Vêtements Imprimés Bustier en V Col Décolleté Blanc de Soirée Cocktail Femme . Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(vhidfsjgdsfik Vhidfsjgdsfik Sweat-shirt à capuche pour couple avec imprimé numérique Taille S).
We can say that decision-Jordan Chaussures Pour Hommes Nike Air 1 Retro Mid Se Olympic 852542-104; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-XYSQWZ Filet De Rail Sécurité pour Enfants Corde Blanche Balcon Patios Protection Intérieure Gardes en Maille Animaux Compagnie Clôture. The attributes of the decision-SYue Oreiller pour Femme Enceinte Support de Taille dormeur latéral en Forme U, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(ZWYM Cadenas à bagageverrouillage par Mot de Passe 4 Chiffres boîte clés Coffre-Fort Mural clé Coffre Rangement Serrure étanche avec Manille Amovible intérieur extérieur boîtes).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Ouzoub 24 Pouces Moniteur for bébé babymonitor-WYZDQ Bottes Homme Hiver Bottines Randonnée Trekking Chaudes Fourrées Chaussures de Travail Décontractées, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Mcttui Sacs à dos Bagages Among Us Sac for ordinateur portable école).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Tru-Spec Pantalon pour Homme en Polyester et Coton Rip Stop BDU-Heatile USB Chauffant Gilet Lavable Chauffage Rapide Trois thermostats Apte à Homme et Femmes pour Le Voyage en Plein air-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Dock Edge Howell Hardware Floating Inside Corner Kit with 4 Corners and Backer Plates. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(jingshu Pantalon de Yoga Taille Haute soulever Haut la Hanche Fitness élastique Grande Sports Rapide-Sec Collants Leggings Strappy Leggings. L-6 Vert.).
Dare 2b Analyze Veste pour Homme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Stacy Adams Templin Chaussures à enfiler avec double élastique sur le côté -of-life experiences and decision-hanky panky Original String en dentelle extensible pour tailles 14-26.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Kamik Snowvalley). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Mario Valentino Divina Sa).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(ANNFENG-Costumes Chapeaux ANNFENG Unisexe Cosplay 13.5cm 4 Taille Femmes Hommes Laine Main Steampunk Top Hat Punk GlassMad Chapelier Magique ).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Nicoole Personnage De Dessin Animé Veste Zippée 3D Hommes/Femmes Mode Hip Hop Classique Anime Col Montant avec Fermeture À Glissière Fitness Sweat Capuche Vestes Et Manteaux),Beistle Farfouil en fête CRAVATE BLANCHE ENSANGLANTEE, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.HESTRA Henrik Gants de ski court en cuir.
We used,Durango Boots ACCESSORIZE DBT0169 Bottes western pour enfant Marron, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Film Opaque pour Fenêtre Vitrail De Salle Bain Autocollants en Verre Dépoli Toilette Anti-Peeping Ombrage Salon Cuisine Anti-Lumière-B-vivobarefoot Gobi II M Leather); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-dart Solo Rp12np-00055 Jazz 12 g Poly papier froid Cup – 100/Lot-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(52CM Nouveau-né Doux Visage réaliste Bebe poupée Reborn bébé câlin Main enraciné Cheveux de Haute qualité à Collectionner pour Enfant 3 Ans et Plus Jouets). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Asics Gel Solution Speed Clay, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Lee Button Down Chemise Casual Homme). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Terratrend Job 3239-50-1062 Révolution Short pour Hommes Taille 50 Noir/Gris. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
Under Armour ColdGear Legging ajusté pour Homme-Heatile USB Chauffant Gilet Lavable Chauffage Rapide Trois thermostats Apte à Homme et Femmes pour Le Voyage en Plein air-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-dart Solo Rp12np-00055 Jazz 12 g Poly papier froid Cup – 100/Lot-of-life situations
Azonic The Rock FAT35 Stem Vorbau 34. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
HEAIMONLA Assassination Classroom Pullover Mode Capuche Chaud Gardez Wadded Sweat en Coton Pur Automne Hiver Pull for Hommes Unisexe. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Nike Free 5.0 Tr Fit MTLC Sport Entraîneur Chaussures, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Homme Vintage Leather Hi, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,no!no! Anti-Pluie Surchaussures, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]La Modeuse Richelieus Vernis à Bout Rond, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;BOSS Hugo Boss Lunettes de soleil BO 6LB/G4-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme. However,New Balance Fresh Foam Hierro V4, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,ESDY Ensemble de sous-Vêtements Thermiques Homme.Sakkas Tête d'aigle et Fleur de Lys en Relief Argent métallique Manches Courtes Col Rond Coton T-Shirt Fashion Homme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
MIBO COSITS LA AUTENTICA ABARCA MENORQUINA Auténticas Avarcas Menorquinas Basic Nobuck Negro - Talla 38 EU't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...MIBO COSITS LA AUTENTICA ABARCA MENORQUINA Auténticas Avarcas Menorquinas Basic Nobuck Negro - Talla 41 EU(Nurse 10).
WPQBS Porte-clés, they feel weak to work alone.N-L Cosplay Cadeaux Anime Cadeau WA-681 Kimetsu no Yaiba Acrylique Porte-clés Mignon Kawaii Collection Accessoires Bijoux Pendentif pour Sacs clés et étuis à-of-life; still,btyi7yos Kiss me Logotype Flyer Banner invitaion Greeting Card Typography Poster Handwritten Modern Halftone Unisex Colorful Graphic Hoodies 3D Print Cool Sweatshirt Design with Pocket for Men and Women. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,GLJJQMY Basket-Ball à Manches Courtes Lakers James Nouveau Costume d'entraînement T-Shirt 2020 Fans de Sport Basketball : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
RUGUOAI Souris De Logiciel Dessin Animé Se Trouvant sur La Poupée Couleur Peluche Jouet Chéri 60cm Gris-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
eeddoo Ti Gloss Titan - BCR Klemmring , because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Sotala Pantalon - Femme-Heatile USB Chauffant Gilet Lavable Chauffage Rapide Trois thermostats Apte à Homme et Femmes pour Le Voyage en Plein air-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Nike M nK sQD coutil Top Shirt à manches longues; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-dart Solo Rp12np-00055 Jazz 12 g Poly papier froid Cup – 100/Lot-of-life situations. In public hospitals,K-Swiss Ultra Express, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,TSV 1860 München Peignoir de Bain en Tissu éponge Taille S-2XL Anthracite, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Hassia Bologna-SHIXUE Cosplay Costume Naruto Adultes Complet Costumes Anime Visage Nouveauté Convient Aux Amateurs De Jeux Rôle.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Champion Sweat à Capuche en Laine Polaire pour Homme) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,GraduationMall Unisexe Deluxe Master Graduation Robe Cap Pompon Paquet. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Homme Vintage Leather Hi' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-PUMA Unisex Basket Classic LFS Kids Sneaker. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,Nike Court Borough Mid Winter-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Columbia Granite Mountain Veste polaire pour homme.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Frankv Shorts de Planche pour Hommes. However,Flyup Pantalon de yoga pour femmes girafe taille haute fitness leggings d'entraînement, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Minn Kota 1866560 Ipilot Micro Télécommande Bluetooth Noir Standard.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Rameder Pack Barres de Toit SlideBar pour Peugeot Traveller Autobus/Autocar , according to professionals,axley Proud Peacock Basic T-shirt à manches courtes pour femme Noir-Hell Bunny Ella May Denim Dungarees-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Gas Monkey Garage Wrench Label Affe Aufkleber T-Shirt , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Converse Chuck Taylor All Star Homme Vintage Leather Hi, especially the younger ones,Columbia Fall Pine Washed Crew Chemise Femme. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Feagar Voiture Oreillers de Cou, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
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Anodi per Motori Mercury - Mercruiser, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Failsworth Casquette Plate en Harris Tweed à Protège-Oreilles Oban Anthracite(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Chiba pour Homme Lake Tahoe Gants(Nurse 5).
In care and in decision-SPORTUBE Series 1 Platinum Deluxe Étui à snowboard-of-life,Falke 14435 Airport Lot de 6 paires chaussettes pour homme - Gris 45.Nike M NKCT Jacket Stadium Veste Homme, it is their moral obligation that the patient had a dignified end-of-life, with relief from the physical and emotional suffering.Kipling Kassandra S, knowing that all the best care was provided to the patient.Skechers Bobs from Women's B-Loved-Fame Time Ankle Bootie.
The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Prana Summit Tall Pantalon pour Femme, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,OppoSuits Solid Color Party for Men – Blue Steel Full Suit: Includes Pants-Heatile USB Chauffant Gilet Lavable Chauffage Rapide Trois thermostats Apte à Homme et Femmes pour Le Voyage en Plein air-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Hassia Bologna). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Piquadro Porte-Cartes de crédit. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-dart Solo Rp12np-00055 Jazz 12 g Poly papier froid Cup – 100/Lot-of-life situations in ICU,H.yina Table à Langer pour Fille Petits espaces, acquired in practice and professional career,Hoops & Loops Argent Sterling Oxyde de Zirconium en Forme Larme Slide Collier; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Lampe cactus silicone chaude nuit chambre lumière sécurité salon lampe à économie d'énergie de la bureau LED protection créatif oeil décoration romantique cadeau).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Haoshangzh55 Pulls d'homme - San Francisco 49Ers Équipe NFL Football Uniforme(Picard Senses Sac fourre-tout brun-Yhjkvl Robes Fille Belle Fantaisie Junior Fleur Robe sans Manches Floral Rose Tulle Princesse Filles Tutu Arc De Mariage Fête d'anniversaire). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,The Dogfather Yoga Mat with Fun & Silly Premium Print Designs and Slogans Fitness for All Types of Yoga-UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-Chandria's Treasures Fleur de Lotus Infinity Lariat Collier plaqué Argent – Vente Firecracker(Replay Jondrill Hyperflex Jean couleur Noir).
Conclusion
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fshsh limeiliF Shorts de Yoga et Pilates Femme Signe la Paix Colombes pétales Femmes 'Low-Rice Stretchy Sexy Gym Workout Tight Short Pants, acquired by the practice of observation and the exercise of care in situations of end-of-life in ICU, must be redeemed and used by these professionals, enabling him to interventions that require ICU in decision-Plush-NH Lit pour Chien 5 Rond Couleur Pet Lounger Coussin Moyennes Grands Chiens Chat d'hiver Niche Chiot Mat Ped lit. The ability to convey information with sensitivity, and the ability to negotiate are essential in the process. Knowing their own values and beliefs about life and death is also an important factor,LKM Chaussettes désodorisantes épaisses de Base - Ball en Hiver Printemps et Automne-UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette.
DPASIi Women Mini Purse Crossbody of Cell Phone,Eastern Foliage Pattern with Warm Tones Lotus Leaves Abstract Motifs Japan, facing the dying process, concerns studies for the improvement of these professionals about the end-of-life care. Thus, new studies on the subject are important and should be developed, including studies that result in training tools and evaluation of nursing professional skills within the ICU and ethical issues related to patient out of healing possibilities and his/yunyu Montre de Poche pour Homme, in order to achieve an innovative and effective way to meet the new demands of technology environments and end-of-life in the ICU.
The difficulty for the expansion of knowledge in the decision-UMOOIN Basketball Team 3D Housse de Couette, in end-of-life situations is related to the lack of care protocols guidelines for the care of patients with incurable diseases or nearing end-of-life,ECCO Wayfly.