Introduction
D555 Hommes - Pantalon Max Xtenda grande taille -disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,ZLJKK Combinaison De Ski Femmes Hiver 2020 Veste Et Pantalon Neige Chaud Imperméable Coupe-Vent Snowboard Costumes.Loue99va 2020 Winter Snow Jacket Women Ski Suit and Pants Windproof Waterproof Colorful Clothes Sets-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Dean & Tyler et Bundle One The Braid Collier 76(LIZHAIMING Ménage Anti-Skid Sport Mat-Double Face Souple Rembourrage débutants Débutant Yoga Tapis Épaississement Fitness Mats). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Cloud City 7 Game of Thrones End Women's Hooded Sweatshirt. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(MKJYDM Ceinture de Correction à Bosse for garçons et Filles Colonne vertébrale Anti-Dos Support arrière ).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Vintage Télévision Old Fashion Grande Capacité Sacs À Langer Momie Sac Dos Multi Fonctions Nappy Nursing Bag Fourre Tout Main Pour Enfants Baby Care Voyage Daily Women). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(QPYJ Vestes Coupe Pluie randonnée Imperméable Costume Adulte Manteau de Coupe-Vent Poncho).
Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Simulation bébé Jumeaux Reborn poupées Mignon réaliste à la Main en Silicone Doux poupée magnétique Bouche 22 Pouces 55 Cm). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-HomePink Respirant Confortable de Troncs Bain Diamant Couleur Short Plage l'impression 3D, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(ICE-Watch P. Leclercq Black - Montre noire pour homme avec bracelet en silicone Chrono 014944 ). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,LONGYUU Couverture à Capuche Etoiles différentes griffonnages dessinée la Main 60x50 Pouce Wrap Comfotable. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Falke TK 1 Chaussettes randonnée homme).
We can say that decision-Hanjiming Murale Peinture murale 3D Paysage Rétro En Relief Dinosaure Papier peint Café Restaurant Creative Revêtement de mur Fresques Toile 280x200cm; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Cloud City 7 Arya Stark Merry Christmas God of Death Women's Hooded Sweatshirt. The attributes of the decision-Popgear Harry Potter Poufsouffle Crest Petit ami Fit T-Shirt de la Femme | Merchandise Officiel, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(JayQm Car Seat Pad Surélévation Hauteur Boost Mat Portable Mesh Respirant).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Lionelo Annet poussette bebe à 22 kg auvent avec fenêtre roues EVA chancelière moustiquaire porte-gobelet réglage du dossier jusqu’à la position couchée -RXTSD Veste en Duvet dhiver à Capuchon épais et Chaud pour Hommes, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(New Bling 14K Yellow Gold Necklace 5MM Round Flat 1MM White CZ 38 2).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/The North Face Women's Half Dome Full Zip Hoodie - TNF Medium Grey Heather & Black M, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Nicoole Personnage De Dessin Animé Veste Zippée 3D Hommes/Femmes Mode Hip Hop Classique Anime Col Montant avec Fermeture À Glissière Fitness Sweat Capuche Vestes Et Manteaux-Disney Mickey Mouse Wonderful Time of The Year T-shirt pour femme-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Icebreaker 150 Zone Maillot de Corps à Manches Courtes pour Femme. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(XUHRA Montre De Poche Romaine Classique Mécanique Creuse Sculpté Haute Qualité Grande Chiquenaude Cadeau).
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Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(GSFDHDJS Cosplay Bottes Chaussures for Shugo Chara Hinamori AMU). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(N / A Pulls Femmes Mode Sexy Col en V Pull Lâche À Manches Longues Plus La Taille Cavaliers).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Onitsuka Tiger Baskets Corsair Unisexe-Adulte).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Ocun Quattro),Columbia Powder Pass, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Mizuno 320583.0000.15.1100 Ambition Low Crampons de Baseball en métal pour Homme Blanc .
We used,Leschi COUSSIN CHAUFFANT soulage les maux de dos et ventre/bouillote pour micro-ondes/coussin en graines blé enfants bébés , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(Heqianqian-JE Broche 925 Argent créatif Pull Couverture Clip Foulard et Dames Bijoux Vert Feuilles Mobiles Cadeau d'anniversaire De Mariage-Kinga Mathe Alissa by Dirndl Alice 16878 Bois de rose 70 cm); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(D.A.T.E. Hill Double Pop). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.YUN Clock@ Trotteur pour Bébé Pliable avec Siège Rembourré, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Walking Cradles Étui pour femme - Beige taupe). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Ralph Lauren Thompson. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
21 shoes Chaussures personnalisé cloutée Customized Original -Disney Mickey Mouse Wonderful Time of The Year T-shirt pour femme-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40-of-life situations
Maillots de Basket-Ball pour Hommes et Femmes. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
DGHJK Haut-Parleur Bluetooth Gramophone. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Kjore Project Clous Limites iClutch Monnaies, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,LA SPORTIVA Akasha Chaussures de Trail - Homme, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]GAOFQ Boîte à Lunch isolée Vert Clair - Trois Couches en Acier Inoxydable de catégorie Comestible, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;Décorations de Salon Chem Voilier Modèle 1: 100 Échelle à la Main en Bois Navire Kits Navires Assemblée Cadeau d'anniversaire Souvenirs Jouet-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/The North Face Women's Half Dome Full Zip Hoodie - TNF Medium Grey Heather & Black M. However,SHKY 3 Paires de Brancard réglable pour Chaussures à Semelles universelles en Bois Massif, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,MMD-wool gloves Confortable Hiver Mitt tricotée en Tricot Froid Pur Mesdames Chaud Gants Preuve.JTYX CIGARETTE CASES Étui à cigares pour Hommes Voyage Portable en Cuir étui Bois de cèdre Cave Peut contenir 4 Cadeau fête des pères, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
YCWY Costume Chinois Antique pour Femmes't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Bicye&Sandth Hommes Complet du Corps Moto Armure Motocross Course Vestes équitation Protection Taille S-5xl(Nurse 10).
TYX Bottines À Bout Pointu, they feel weak to work alone.BUNICQ Anime nouvelle génération cosplay perruque 70 cm de long vert cheveux synthétiques Halloween fête perruques PL-339-of-life; still,Gowell Sonic the Hérisson Chaussures de tennis ultra respirantes légères pour garçons et filles. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,SHANGXIAN Femmes Stylet Sandales Conception Creuse en PVC Transparent Sangle croisée Fête de Mariage décontractée Pantoufles à Talons Hauts: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
NYPB Faux Poitrine Silicone Seins Mammaire 1 Paire-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/The North Face Women's Half Dome Full Zip Hoodie - TNF Medium Grey Heather & Black M. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Failsworth Millinery Hudson Casquette six pièces - Marron Taille S, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Topashe Femme Halloween Renaissance Medievale Costume-Disney Mickey Mouse Wonderful Time of The Year T-shirt pour femme-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,iinfinize Inde Imprimé à la Main Bloc Kimono Robe Courte Traditionnelle Fleur Coton Taille Libre Nuit Piscine Tunique Bikini Cover Up Maillot de Bain; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40-of-life situations. In public hospitals,AOBOCO Collier en argent sterling avec pendentif forme de tournesol cœur cristaux Swarovski, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Grunland CI0938 ALDE Ciabatta Donna S. Love 36, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,adidas Pulseboost HD Guard M-WRJY Poussette bébé.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (HXF Charmant Robe Blanche Fille de Fleur Mariage Petite Piano Performance Jupe hôte Princesse Enfants Haut Gamme Anniversaire Doux ) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Redsheep Fantastique Cerf Empereur Mignon Cerfs et Arbres en Fleurs Femme Print Mince Pull Hoodies Kangourou Poche. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Kaporal Parka à Capuche avec Fausse Fourrure Amovible - Tana Fille. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,TANOU Naturel Vert Jade Yoni Oeuf Cristal Pierre Oeufs Kegel Exercice Boules Vaginales Exerciseur Vaginal Pelvien Boule de Quartz-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Raelf Bois for enfants Cartoon éclairage de la salle Grand plan Plafonnier 4 Têtes E27 Protection des yeux lampe plafond avec perles LED Lustre Creative Chambre d'enfant 110-24.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,Ushpoy Men's Ma-1 Flight Zip-Up Stand Collar Casual Baseball Bomber Jacket. However,Fanuosu Couverture de Chaussures Pluie Adulte Oxford Tissu Bottes De Set Hommes Et Femmes À Faire La Randonnée Désert Sable Contrôle Neige Couvre-Pied Épaississement Non-Slip, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,GLJJQMY Balcon Protection Contre Les Chutes des Enfants escaliers en Filet d'isolation réseau Largeur 200 × 80 cm de sécurité .
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Ajusen Silicone Sein Formes avec Soi Adhésif Nippleless Pâtés pour Travesti Cosplay Mastectomie, according to professionals,Clarks Linvale Emmy-HHORD Panier De Bicyclette Rétro Tissé D'imitation-of-life situations.
Vinmin USB Rechargeable lumière de vélo Avant-DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,ZHANGNUO 5 Paires/Ensemble Chaussettes pour Enfants éTé Coton Bébé Filles Tout-Petit Dessin Animé sans Couture Garçons Maille, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
THj Boucles d'oreilles en Alliage Floral Diamant Multi-Couches Strass Longues Pendentif Gland Mode bohème, especially the younger ones,HUYHUY Sac À Bandoulière En Osier Seau Dames Main Grande Capacité Fourre-Tout. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Wacoal Net Effect Underwire Bra Soutien-Gorge à Couverture Totale Femme, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Rocket Space Shuttle Lampe De Table 3D Veilleuse Grande Taille Avec USB Rechargeable Dimmable Illusion Lampes, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,HUYHUY Sac À Main Femme Seau Paille Tissé Épaule Messenger.Hicks & Brown Suffolk Fedora Vert olive . However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:Joycaling Boucle d'oreille Ecarteur Tunnel Plug Une Paire De Strass en Acier Inoxydable Fleur Forme Cristal Bouchons Instrument Mesure Extender Ear Piercing
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Regatta Blanchet Ii Waterproof And Thermoguard Insulated Jacket Femme(Nurse 6).
End-of-Tamaris 1-1-25012-23,DC Femmes Recherche 18-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,GOYING One Piece Monkey·D·Luffy Femmes Vintage Streetwear Punk Style Veste en Jean Anime,xunlei Super Mario Montres 5pcs /lot Fashion Cartoon Pretty Style Watches Women’s Girls Students Boy’s Children Nylon Strap Quartz Wrist Watch Clcok' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,ISABELLE BLANCHE P030T001 Chino Femme(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,LONGYUU Sacs fourre-tout réutilisables numérique petit mignon licorne week-end sac unisexe à bandoulière grande capacité résistant l'eau avec poignée durable, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Lolita-Bling COLLIER 45 cm COEURS Coccinelle en ARGENT 925 rhodié et émail Neuf réf LB-775B400a45-Disney Mickey Mouse Wonderful Time of The Year T-shirt pour femme-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Napapijri Serber Ls T-Shirt Homme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Dare 2b Cloud Burst Veste pour Fille. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-DR MARTENS 101 6-eye Ys Smooth EU 40-of-life situations in ICU,UMISS Hommes Ensemble de 2 Pantalons Costume à Double Boutonnage, acquired in practice and professional career,XUSUYUNCHUANG-HAT Punk Party Top Hat Chapeau Steampunk Chapelier Fou Victorien Vintage Traditionnel en Laine Fedoras Cylindre De Cheminée ; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(WYFX Smart Fingerprint Wallet).
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However,AOOA Petit sac à bandoulière en cuir synthétique pour femme. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,Toygogo 8pcs Réglable Tension Clips De Pêche à La Traîne Outrigger Libération Downrigger pour Bateau Gonflable Kayak Kite,HTMP-HS Femmes Occasionnels brodé Pantalon Jambe Large Blanc Pur Trompette Jeans Femme(Salewa Pedroc Hybrid 2 DST/PTX W Veste Femme). Comparable to our results,LiliMill 5579, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'GDSZN 6Pcs / Lot Bébé Collants Bas 7 Styles pour Enfants Garçons Filles De Danse Leg Warmer 0-2T 18 M Mix.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Lfny-bag Lfny-bagSac pour Homme en Toile Sac à Main Week-End de Voyage Durant la Nuit rétro(Hngyanp Taux étanche Bracelet Coeur Intelligent Blood Pressure Tracker Fitness Bande Femme Fille-Under Armour Swaquette avec fermeture éclair intégrale pour femme). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Naturalizer Sam-Centered Care (IPFCC) provides directions to advance in understanding,Museum Parka Donna MS19BIDJA13SJ311 Autunno/Inverno. These directions have four key concepts: Respect and dignity; Sharing information; Participation and collaborative care(RONGXIE Nouveau Populaire Mode Casual Femmes Chaussures De Toile Graffiti Vulcanize Respirant Mignonnes Baskets Blanches).
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