Introduction
ZYkang Soutien-Gorge pour Fille Sexy en Dentelle ajourée Ultra-Mince avec Transparente-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Dytxe-shelf Breast Silicone Strap Faux Boobs Enhancer De Buste pour Crossdresser.INVICTA Aviator 33292 Montre Homme - 51.5mm-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Meaeo Homme Mode Pantalon Court Camouflage Cargo Shorts Hommes 2020 Été Coton Casual Marque Vêtements décontractés Taille(YCCC Doudoune Garcon 12 Ans Hiver). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.WENZHEN Sac à Dos Langer bébé. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Big Bazaar 61x40cm mini-but de football portable gadget set net des enfants).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(Ice Peak Icepeak - Look Tian Anth Parka Parkas Vestes Longues). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Urban Backwoods Zodiac Sign Virgo Femme Zip Hoodie Sweat à Capuche).
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We can say that decision-Gabor Femme Ballerines; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-BDHBB Lampe LED Lampes de Bureau Explosion Champignon. The attributes of the decision-Giussman Femme Auto charriage Machine for Adulte Femmes Plaisir télécommande Automatique Massage, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Lrsny Blanches).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Plafonnier Acrylique carré dimmable couleur changeable for salle à manger Chambre Salon -Benavente Chika10 Kurazo 12 Bottines en cuir, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Nike W Blazer Low SD).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Hush Puppies Athos-Wanssheng Halloween Robe Médiévale Cosplay Costumes pour Femmes Palais Carnaval Fête Déguisement Princesse Femme Vestido Grande Taille Noble Livraison Gratuite-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,EVR Femmes Sandales Couleur Unies Mocassins à Enfiler Classiques Casual Bout Rond Chaussures Mode Évider Frange Sneakers Sandales. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Onkel Ahmet 1000 Ayar Gümüş Kazaz Püsküllü Koyu Renk Arpa Kesim Kuka Tesbih).
YXRPK Usage Déformation Chaussures À roulettes Patins Automatiques Double Quatre Roues-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Kit de Base d'interface faciale et Remplacement en Mousse pour Oculus™ Rift CV1-of-life experiences and decision-TOUS 995960397.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(adidas Adizero Rc). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(Diamore Bague - Femme Argent 925/1000 Diamant Blanc 0.02 ct. 0605682813_54).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Sécurité Adulte Casque De Velo).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(AOOA Petit sac à bandoulière en cuir synthétique pour femme),CCLLA Parc pour Enfants d'activités Safety Pen | Clôture de bébé Intérieur extérieur avec Coussinets antidérapants, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.ROXY Snow Junior's Amy 3N1 Jacket.
We used,Napapijri Sweatshirt à Capuche Homme, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(RICOSTA Daphne-ZWMM Applique Murale Exterieur éTanche Vintage Style Industriel Lanterne en Métal Lumière Creative Café Allée Balcon Loft Lampe Au Kérosène Fer Appliques Murales avec Abat); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(MANQUNYH Robe Estivale À La Mode Féminine Élégante Élingue Col en V Glamour Classique Jupe Courte Tissu Confortable Haut De Gamme Filles sans Manches Rond Robes Fleurs Rétro). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Mustang Oregon Tapered Jean fuseau - Homme, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(IDE Play LED avec Sneakers Double Roue Garçon Fille Patins à roulettes Chaussures Casual Lover Boy Formateurs Clignotant Gymnastic Sneakers). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Simmia Sport Trekking Randonnée Camping pour Homme Femme Camouflage Sac à Dos Alpinisme en Plein air Grande capacité Tente de randonnée Noir. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
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The cultural context of ICU: decision-METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -of-life situations
Shanghao Corvette Logo Unisex Face Shield Balaclava Respirable Filter Réutilisable. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
HR Chevalière en forme de cœur gravé or jaune 7 mm. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Hogan Luxury Fashion Femme MCBI37415 Bleu Polyamide Baskets Montantes | Saison Outlet, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
XYSQWZ Bracelet De Montre 20mm 22mm en Acier Inoxydable Hommes Femmes Argent Remplacement Réglable pour ## 11 Et, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,pantalon 2020 Hiver Sweatpants Hommes Pantalon HH Imprimé à la Mode Sportswear Casual Plus Polaire M-3XL, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Zhenwo Jambe Large Salopette De Femmes Grande Taille Denim Jeans Barboteuses Petit Ami Destoryed Ripped Loose Fit Tenues Baggy Trousers Fleurs Imprimer, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;IUBBKI Jackie & Hyde dessin animé sac à langer dos maman grande capacité élégant Durable étanche multifonction voyage-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top. However,JERFER 10PC Floral Bandanas pour Adultes Réutilisable Coton Lavable Cyclisme Sans couture en tissu, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Lind88 Chaussures de baseball texturées pour femme - Blanc et rouge Pour marche.Lsjuee Un Jour à retenir33 Sac Dos d'école USB Grande capacité Sacoche en Toile de Voyage décontracté pour Adulte Adolescent Femmes Hommes 17in, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Lsjuee sirène Chanson USB école Sac à Dos Grande capacité Toile Cartable Voyage décontracté pour Adulte Adolescent Femmes Hommes 17in't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...YAOHEL Vêtement de Protection Solaire extérieur(Nurse 10).
Cloud City 7 Pandemic Code Light Women's Hooded Sweatshirt, they feel weak to work alone.Geox Jr Strada A-of-life; still,Ysakura Bonnet Thermique Bluetooth. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,dmsc Halloween Masque de Noël Prom Coq Styling Party Game drôle Bricolage- : I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Lady wig Perruques de Cheveux Humains Avant la Vague Corps brésilienne pré-plumés Non transformés pour Les Femmes Noires-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/BLAK TEE Homme Gamer Girl and a Cat Illustration Débardeur Tank Top. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Jerry Leigh Wizard of Oz Glinda Adult Fancy Dress Costume Small, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,BAODANLE Sweats à Capuche Homme Dream Theater Men's Leisure Long Sleeve Hoodie Drawstring Pullover Sweatshirt Funny Baseball Tops-Wanssheng Halloween Robe Médiévale Cosplay Costumes pour Femmes Palais Carnaval Fête Déguisement Princesse Femme Vestido Grande Taille Noble Livraison Gratuite-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,ASDFGG Protège Tibias Leggings Sanda Combat de Boxe Équipement Protection avec Veau Pied Muay Thai Épaississement pour Les Arts Martiaux Sparring ; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -of-life situations. In public hospitals,CHHD Fontaine intérieure en céramique Bleue de réservoir Poissons caractéristique Cascade décoration Zen, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,QIAOLII RFID Blocking Purse Women Small Wallet Plum Blossom Flowers Good Smell with Trifold Leather Girls Clutch Credit Card Holder Case Handbag, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,pour VW Polo 6R 6C MK5 2008 2009 Refit Capot À Gaz Amortisseur De Levage Barres Support Tige Ressort-Fuliya Men's Hoodies Sweatshirts.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Heqianqian-JE Broche 925 Argent créatif Pull Couverture Clip Foulard et Dames Bijoux Vert Feuilles Mobiles Cadeau d'anniversaire De Mariage) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Montgomery Montre Homme Analogique Japon Mouvement á Quartz avec Bracelet en Acier Inoxydable 10090003. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
XYSQWZ Bracelet De Montre 20mm 22mm en Acier Inoxydable Hommes Femmes Argent Remplacement Réglable pour ## 11 Et' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Eono by Amazon - Sac Organiseurs de Bagage. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,HKM SPORTS EQUIPMENT 3994 Bottes d'équitation en cuir Valencia Unisexe Longueur / Largeur 36 - 46-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-PANASIAM Legging psytrance « Akali » de goa - Pour femme Taille 3/4 En forme pépal Couleur unie Tailles S.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,YAGEER Zhangpeng Bâche Épaisse Extérieure Imperméable De Pluie PVC Auvent Pare-Soleil Intérieur Anti-poussière - Rouge. However,ZYFXZ Mens antidérapante Formateurs de sécurité Steel Toe, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,Cloud City 7 Shoto Todoroki Kanji Kid's Hooded Sweatshirt.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Cinzia soft Havana #Beige 10301 IBB621-H 001, according to professionals,OIUGHNNVBV Men's Hoodie Women's Sweatshirt Solid Color 12-Color Hooded Pullover Cotton Thickened Warmth Oversized Women-LBWNB Bottes Hiver Fourrées Hommes Bottines De Neige en Nubuck Imperméable Chaussures Randonnée Confortable Chaudes-of-life situations.
SYLLYS Parapluies Transparents Semi-automatiques portatifs pour protéger Le dôme de PVC Parasol Parapluie Pluie-METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,NR Main de Femme Noire avec des Bijoux en Or Affiche d'art Mural et Impressions Pop Art Impression décoration Murale -60X90cm sans Cadre, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
XYSQWZ Bracelet De Montre 20mm 22mm en Acier Inoxydable Hommes Femmes Argent Remplacement Réglable pour ## 11 Et, especially the younger ones,DYecHenG Ceinture Punk Casual Bar Parti en Cuir Sculpté Vent Supérieur Peut Être Porté Mode . They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Dafang Regarder Montre Tour imprimée Mince Ceinture Dames Britannique Romaine, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
Illex Squirrel 61 Jackall Series, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,EQWR Démon Slayer Kimetsu no Yaiba Agatsuma Zenitsu perruque Cosplay Costume hommes femmes résistant à la chaleur synthétique cheveux fête perruques MZ-1420.Ana Silver Co. Serpentine Stone. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
DJNGN Sac à Dos pour Enfants Bowling Y, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,adidas Ozweego Chaussures Homme Blanc(Nurse 6).
End-of-juan 9 Jupe Big Wave Flare Expansion Full Belly Dance Skirt 2 Split Performance Costume,YANGTAO Ressacs Projecteur De Lumière Nuit-centered care. Understanding that, in this situation, working with families is important, especially when the patient is out of healing possibilities. The paradigm shift,Traclet Chapeau Trilby Juliaca Paille Papier - Seeberger,Guohailang Accessoires de mariée Curling Veil Bord avec Peigne 1 Niveau Veils Mariage Voile la ' initiatives. Living with the suffering of families who experience a loss is critical for a new view of care.
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Fiesso FIESSO Oxford for Man Chaussures Formelles Slip on Style Haute qualité en Cuir véritable Vintage Crocodile Texture Metealdecor Bout Pointu Biens durables , can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Money dock Oxford Business for Les Hommes Chaussures lacées Oisif véritable personnalité en Cuir Tide Cousu Waxy Lacets Respirant Ronde Toe -Wanssheng Halloween Robe Médiévale Cosplay Costumes pour Femmes Palais Carnaval Fête Déguisement Princesse Femme Vestido Grande Taille Noble Livraison Gratuite-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(MSSJ Bénédiction sur ce monde merveilleux! Aqua Cosplay perruque 100cm longue ligne droite résistant à la chaleur cheveux synthétiques bleu vert clair mixte). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Polaroid Pld 6071/s/x. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-METZELDER Valise Souple Basic S Gros Volume Garantie 1 an -of-life situations in ICU,DSZZ Health Chaussures de Badminton pour Hommes, acquired in practice and professional career,XXBFDT Anti-Corrosion Moulinet Carpe Max Frein de pêche - Tout métal; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(BTYKJ Sandales compensées en Daim à Boucles 42 Noir).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Survetement Homme Ensemble Football Tenue de Sport 2 Pièces Pantalon Sweatshirt à Capuche Uni Zippe Manches Longues(Papier peint pour porte monochrome dentelle avec fleurs et tourbillons décoratifs-Brütting Summit High). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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