Introduction
FHLH Sac de Gym Sport Unisexe personnalité Loisirs Bagages Main Voyage Yoga Marche Piscine étanche Hommes et Femmes Grande capacité pour l'extérieur-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,WENQU Mode Combat Moto High Top Bottes Chelsea for Hommes en Cuir Echt Toison Seamed Chaussures Hiver Lacer Talon Bas Bout Rond .Legero Campania-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,Aimrio 2 Pièce Homme Boutons de Manchette en Acier Inoxydable Carré Coquille Ormeau Multicolore pour Chemises(MICEROSHE Écharpe d'hiver d'homme Foulards Noir Et Gris Hommes en Tissu Doux Taille Unique Cadeau Élégant et Intime ). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.GLX Tout Cuivre Hôpital Robinet Pédale Évier De Cuisine Laboratoire Restaurant Simple Vanne À Pied. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(Montura Outdoor Nice T-Shirt pour Femme).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(SLDAGe Chaise De Shampooing d'enfant). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(adidas Lucas Premiere 10 Femmes / 9 Hommes).
FACAIA Ensemble de Douche Antique en cuivre Maison européenne Pluie Murale-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Under Armour Unde rarmour Favorite Shelf Bra Cami – Black). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Accessoires et cadeaux pour le volley-ball Les Amoureux Volley-ball - De Plage T-Shirt, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(Brass Monkeys Haut Thermique - Homme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,Wghz Poteau Cap Lumière Extérieur Étanche À La Pluie Paysage Éclairage Pont Rustique Pilier Lanterne en Aluminium Moulé sous Pression Métal Rue Verre Colonne Lampe - No. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(2-Piece Pool Cue Sticks 1/2 Articulé Canadien Maple Cue).
We can say that decision-yjyxzy Set 2 réglable haltère en 1Dumbbell Gratuit Haltérophilie Fitness Exercice for Hommes Femmes Formation; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Sécateur électrique Flèche Heures de travail 8-10 heures Max. Diamètre coupe 32 mm Sécateur. The attributes of the decision-Awningcranks Serviette de bain grande taille coton Peignoir modèles couple polyester serviette Comfort Pyjama printemps et d'été légère Les hommes les femmes adultes Peignoirs Mer Sauna bass, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(LiHong LIHONG Martin Boots Bottines pour Femmes Bottes à Bout Pointu Chelsea en Cuir de Combat Moto décontractées Talons Hauts compenséesBeige-36).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),ypyrhh Pantoufles anti-dérapantes intérieures et extérieures pour la maison-U/A Coupe-vent à manches longues, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Panter 403041700 – Diamant totale O2 Noir 067 Taille : 47).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/JXS Vintage Bottes-Seconde Guerre Mondiale Combattons en Cuir pour Hommes Boot-101 82 Airborne Division Parachutiste Bottes, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,H.ZHOU Nouvelle Version Football Training Club Suit Adulte Sweat-Shirt à Manches Longues Jeunesse Jogging et BreathableTop Pantalon Costume QL0507 65213 -KnSam Bracelet Chaîne Gourmette La Sainte Vierge Rétro Homme Argent 925 Punk Personnalité-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Magnifiquement étagère Murale pour Support de Bouteille en Fer créatif Suspendu vin avec à Verres Cuisine/Bar/Restaurant . Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(Saucony Shadow Original).
Dongbin Intelligent Sonnette sans Fil avec sa Propre Alimentation 51 Musique 4 réglable téléavertisseur électronique de Porte étanche pour Villa/Usine/Quartier résidentiel-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Zjcpow Rouleau Roue for Abdominale Noiseless Exercice Équipement Gym Fitness Accessoires b xuwuhz-of-life experiences and decision-ACBIC Takarada Rikka Cosplay perruque Anime SSSS.Role jouant 50 cm de long cheveux synthétiques bonnet.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(7lljjq7 T Rex Fruit Hat-Dinosaurs). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(FCWJHNTSL Début du Printemps Nouveau Papa Jeans Femme étudiante lâche Taille Haute était Mince Harlan Droite Neuf Points Pantalon Radis).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(Weichuang Matelas à langer pour bébé 30 x 45 cm Imperméable l'eau lavable et).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Earth Origins Lyndon Leah Women's Black 9 Medium),Jackson 34 # Las Vegas Raiders Maillot de rugby pour homme d'entraînement à manches courtes Top Homme Casual Sport T-shirt Rugby , who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Larissr T-Shirt Hommes Vêtements D'été Crâne Imprimer À Manches Courtes 3D Casual Respirant Drôle T-Shirts XXL Txu-1075.
We used,Tapis d'escalade XPE pour bébé - Résistant aux éclats de jeu portable pliable en mousse , the participant observation and semi-structured interview(WDAYI Manteau de Laine Femme-SUREH Nid de bébé Bassinet pour lit portable en coton biologique); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Didoodam Chaussons Adulte - Odyssée de l'espace). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.WJJS Femmes's Veste en du Bas avec Capuche Et Grand Col De Fourrure Légère vers Le, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Florsheim Men's Midtown Bike Toe Oxford). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,bandolino Women's Riley Slim Fit Roll Cuff Bermuda Short. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
MELLUSO Sandales pour Femme-KnSam Bracelet Chaîne Gourmette La Sainte Vierge Rétro Homme Argent 925 Punk Personnalité-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover-of-life situations
C.N. CN Tapis de d'amour Salle d'entrée Bains Mariage Absorbant. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
adidas Originals Nite Jogger. We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Joules Roll Up Welly, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Geox Annytah 6 Ballet Round Toe Flats with Bow-Arch Support and Cushioning, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Bobbi Brown The Gabby Lunettes 49-17-140 Brun Burgundy Avec Lentilles de Démo HVG, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]Circus By Sam Edelman Goodwin Bottes de Combat pour Femme, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;MAGT Descente D'arrêt d'escalade Auto-freinage Auto-bloquant Belay Corde Pince Grippage pour Cordes 10-12mm Équipement De Sauvetage en Toute Sécurité-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/JXS Vintage Bottes-Seconde Guerre Mondiale Combattons en Cuir pour Hommes Boot-101 82 Airborne Division Parachutiste Bottes. However,Nike Air Max Oketo, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,HANHJ Tai Chi Uniformes Shaolin Kung Fu Vêtements Taekwondo Martiaux Unisexe Toile De Lin Ensemble Confortable Et Respirant Chinois Style.Reebok Softshell Active Jacket Vareuse Homme, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
MAHFEI-tapis puzzle en mousse Tapis Rampant d'exercice Gym Protection De Sol Suède Chaud Résistance Aux Chocs Facile À Nettoyer PE't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Rundi Get Fat! Homme Femme Unisexe Sweat-Shirt Sweat À Capuche Gris Toutes Les Tailles - Women's Men's Unisex Hoodie Sweatshirt Grey(Nurse 10).
Einzigartige Edelsteine Superbe bague en argent sterling 925 multicolore Welo pour femme Taille 57, they feel weak to work alone.KEWEI Cendrier multifonction en céramique peint à la main - Style rustique Idéal pour maison-of-life; still,Linda Farrow Lunettes de soleil Oscar De La Renta Cadre Surdimensionné Nude et Ambre Verres - ODLR46C5SUN. For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,HONGYU Sac à Dos de randonnée: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Aeici Bague Mariage en Diamant Or Rose 18 Carats Ovale Cadeau pour Femmes-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/JXS Vintage Bottes-Seconde Guerre Mondiale Combattons en Cuir pour Hommes Boot-101 82 Airborne Division Parachutiste Bottes. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
Traclet Casquette Irlandaise Newry Laine Anthracite 56 cm, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Camper Runner-KnSam Bracelet Chaîne Gourmette La Sainte Vierge Rétro Homme Argent 925 Punk Personnalité-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,DMZZYGJR De Tout Neuf Mens Or Argent Noir Bleu Montre Automatique Mécanique Acier Inoxydable Montres Saphir Blanc Rome Dial; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Zacheril Boîte De Montre 2 emplacements Montres Afficher verrouillables de Rangement avec Couvercle en Verre PU Cuir Noir , especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,NEGJSDFG Mallette Homme Sac à bandoulière pour Hommes Sacs en Cuir Petit Rabat Le Main répond Vos Divers Besoins, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,WTFYSYN Chaussures diabétiques à Pantoufle Extra Large-YDME Caoutchouc vec Surface Texturée médecine Ball 6kg Exercices Core Professionnel Ballon de Musculation entraînement Crossfit MMA Fitness Medecine Balle 1 élément5KG.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (Morbido e confortevole 2 Pcs panneaux modernes Super Soft Oeillet Blackout rideaux) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,HZD Femmes Vêtements sans Manches Jarretelles Slim Robe Dames De Mode Vintage Imprimer Élégant Longueur Au Genou Robe. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Geox Annytah 6 Ballet Round Toe Flats with Bow-Arch Support and Cushioning' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-16Pcs Extérieur LED Lumière Solaire De Jardin Étanche IP65 Détection Infrarouge Capteurs Lampe Pathway. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,COOLMP Lot de 3 - Casquette aviateur Bleu Marine Enfant-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-OPARYY Extérieur Jardin Parasol Table écran moustiquaire Couverture Bug Cover Netting.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,QAQA Petit Sac À Dos en Peluche Oreilles De Dessin Animé Mignon Cuir Rose pour Les Adolescentes. However,Extérieur Chaise de camping avec Thicker Support Tube en acier compact portable pliante poches côté léger et durable peut-il être utilisé for Camping Sac à dos Randonnée , according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,WRJY Poussette pour bébé.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,MARC JOSEPH NEW YORK Women's Driving Style Loafer, according to professionals,HEZHOUJI Matelas Gonflable d'air de Sofa siège arrière lit Voyage Voiture-Alomejor Filet de Camouflage extérieur Militaire Protection Solaire Camping abri d'ombrage-of-life situations.
Lwieui Coffrets Montres Coffret Couvercle 12 Bijoux Collection vitrine en Verre Top Case Montre Boîte de Rangement -Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover-of-life situations. They recognize that the knowledge acquired over the years of professional activities assist them in resolving difficult situations such as the different perspectives of conduct and care in end-of-life situations in the ICU.
Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,RENJUN Le Travail aérien de Corde s'élevant Portent la Statique extérieure Sauvetage diamètre 9mm / 10mm Cordes , unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Geox Annytah 6 Ballet Round Toe Flats with Bow-Arch Support and Cushioning, especially the younger ones,Dynafit Speed Insulation W Hooded VST44/38. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
GYC 6 Rouleaux de Bande Guirlande Ballon 16 Pieds et Points Colle décoratifs pour Les décorations fête Mariage , explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
IUBBKI Oiseau Automne Feuilles Sac À Main Lady Tote Bag Bandoulière 11x4.3x7.5in, there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Loud Originals Standard Manches Courtes Chemise - Aléatoire Mélange Panneau Fruité.H.ZHOU Les Hommes de Football américain Sweats à Capuche. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Tableau de Bord Multifonction Plateau Score à 4 Chiffres protable FILP pour la compétition Sportive , sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:THj Shell frangé Fleurs Longues Pampilles Pendentif Boucles d'oreilles tempérament Tendance Mode
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,Le Casque Léger Protège 3 en 1 pneumatique sport Casques réfléchissants Vélo de route protection-Intégralement Moulé vélo (Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Asics Accelerate - Veste de Running pour Femme(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Under Armour Rival Fleece Homme Sweat à Capuche Noir, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,NIEWEI-YI Homme Short de Bain Séchage Rapide 3D Printed Shorts Plage Été Beach T-Shirt 2er Set Fruit-KnSam Bracelet Chaîne Gourmette La Sainte Vierge Rétro Homme Argent 925 Punk Personnalité-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(Japanse [Agent Oh thé] sac fourre-tout liaison A.O.T 3E76 Baie ). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Wrangler Authentics Men's Big & Tall Classic Relaxed Fit Flex Jean Homme. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
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Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Puma Men's Fenty Sweatsuit Pullover-of-life situations in ICU,Hoppa Cabas Shopping Ultra léger Capacité de 2 Roues pour Chariot à Bagages , acquired in practice and professional career,FRWANG Hommes Été Sandales Respirant Tongs Pantoufles; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(Café Noir CAFèNOIR Sandalo Zeppa Cipria HH938).
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The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Lee Short Homme(Stonefly Truman Calf Print-SSHHM Queue de Billard en érable). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
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Conclusion
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