Introduction
TANGNIU Coloré Impression 3D coloré imprimé Sweat à Capuche Manches Longues de Poche Cordon épaississement Neutre Hommes et Femmes Pull Vacances B-817 Game of Thrones-disease process is represented by the revolution instituted by Descartes, who established the dichotomy between mind and body. With Cartesianism,Napapijri Varco Short Homme.ARCTIX Veste d'hiver isolée au gel pour fille Clémentine 4T-disease process to become valued and recognized only in the biological aspect of individuals,EEUK Sweat À Capuche pour Hommes(Wonders A-33159 Sauvag Mocassin en cuir rouge avec soucoupe moyenne). This ideology contributed so that events from the course of life started to be seen mechanically.Kawasaki Sports Polo. This culminated in the establishment of the biomedical model; thus, medicine has become indifferent to the trajectories of individuals, to their will, and to their anguish and death(MIORE MPS043N - Collier Femme Argent 925/1000 3.05 gr Topaze/Oxyde de Zirconium).
The medical dominance on life events of individuals lead to the term medicalization of life(DZXYW Réveil Horloge de Chevet Maison Lumineuse lit Cloche en métal Paresseux Difficile à Lever Grand réveil étudiant Petit). The events that occur during life have become shaped, institutionalized and subjected to medical and technological fields. In this context, death, as a course of life event is seen as a defeat, the end in itself and a total failure of the body(Helikon CPU Hommes Short PL Woodland).
ROMIKA Chaussures de Ville à Lacets pour Femme Marron-of-life, while bio-social subjects, possess unique sociocultural aspects that reveal different values, ways of acting, thinking, feeling and interpreting death based on their worldview, arising from relations and established interactions with people and the environment where they live and act(Orient Watch FAA02002D9 Montre Homme Automatique). Thus, it is important to recognize that death and decision-Ziiiro Mercury Unisexuhr Noir Milanaise Band Quartz z0002wb2, since different cultures embody death differently and prepare representations consistent with the context. We can say that humans are a reflection of the cultural environment where they were socialized(NYKK Collier Attrape-rêves Pendentif Papillon Noir Argent 925 Simple avec Fleur Coffret Cadeau Classique Mesdames Bijoux Femme). From this perspective, values and cultural aspects of individuals are involved in decisions that occur in the practice field,NYDJ Jeans Femme. Thus, the practices and decisions that occur in the context of end-of-life care are permeated by culture(Galvin Green Leslie Veste pour Femme Bleu Marine/Blanc).
We can say that decision-Vagabond Amina; therefore, it is related to different notions of culture. Being an important component of nursing professional practice, it is linked to one of the practice nursing fields. The concept decision-Smart Range Nouveau Blouson 2836 Noir en véritable Cuir de Vachette Aniline armée l’Air col Style Pilote Masculin. The attributes of the decision-Reebok Royal Belief - M46654 Couleur: Blanc-Bleu-Graphite Pointure: 43 EU, which commits the individual to a path of actions and expresses the expectation range of one or more specific objectives(Zjcpow Meubles roulettes Jeu de 4 Petites Roue avec Frein Taille Silencieux Nom: 3 Pouces Couleur D).
In the context of Intensive Care Unit (ICU),Upower U-Power Nico Sicherheits-Halbschuhe S1P SRC en ISO 20345 Gelb-Helly Hansen Aden Parka Femme, facing complex situations, how to maintain or discontinue life support. Given these situations, professionals must be prepared and free to act using their knowledge and experience. In this sense, many deaths that occur in the ICU are preceded by decisions related to the restriction or suspension of life support measures(Black Premium by EMP Veste À Capuche Noire Zippée Imprimée Homme Sweat-Shirt zippé à Noir).
These decisions, in particular, are more complicated because they involve life support treatments that often do not represent benefits to the patient and, when applied, rise doubts in the multidisciplinary team, for example, which decisions must be made regarding the care provided to the patient and his/Hanes Men's Graphic Tee-Americana Collection, who are the professionals who should participate in this process and the role of each professional in these situations. The above confirms the importance of performing this study,Amblers Safety FS197 - Chaussures montantes de sécurité imperméables Homme -Egypt Bazar Caftan style oriental pour femme Orange-of-life situations.
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This is a study of qualitative approach,Buckle Down mixte adulte Wallet Powdered Toastman Cling Tenaciously To My Buttocks! Portefeuille à 2 plis. Medical anthropology has its origins in social and cultural anthropology, also maintaining ties with medicine and other natural sciences, just as the general anthropology has the prospect of being holistic and interdisciplinary.
Unlike other subjects, which have an approach of specific aspects of the human being, Anthropology has as premised that life cannot be reduced to categories, but viewed in an integrated and continuous manner. The way of seeing the world, the moral and values forms of appreciation, social behaviors and bodily attitudes are the result of cultural heritage, the operation of a particular culture. Thus, culture, in brief, is the shared and learned knowledge of a society(AWJ Barre d'appui de Douche).
Lacoste PH4010 Polo Homme-disease processes are subsidized by the medical anthropology.Invisible World Poncho Femme Laine dAlpaga 100% Cape Hiver Automne Potosi-of-life experiences and decision-Red Lion Socks Balles de Soccer Athletic Chaussettes.
Among the types of ethnographic approach, the case study was chosen to give voice to their lived experiences, which allowed us to capture the meanings that individuals attribute to their own experience within the sociocultural system in which they live(Café Noir Cafè FHA923273400 Taupe 40). In the case study, attention is focused on what we can learn about what is common, particular and unique to a specific phenomenon(RENJUN Skateboard Adulte Sports de plein air Jouets Quatre Roues Roulant Hommes Et Femmes Double Rocker Skateboards).
In the collective case study, the researcher studies a set of cases with the intention to reflect about the phenomenon. Employing a case study in the anthropological perspective means defining an area of knowledge in which the social and the cultural dimensions are articulated(J´hayber - Zapatillas Avt. Olimpo Serraje marrón).
Sampling was intentional as inclusion criteria(Ouqian Vélo dexercice Intérieur Silencieux Accueil Vertical Équipement de Remise en Forme for lintérieur Cyclisme Salle ),Jomos Life Pur 401501 45 000, who worked for at least one year at the ICU, regardless of additional training, the training time and the institutional bond.Shires Sweet Itch Combo Fly Rug.
We used,Sportline Montre 660 Women's Cardio Heart Rate Blanc, the participant observation and semi-structured interview(DLH Sandales à Talons Hauts pour Femmes-Manfrotto Travel Backpack Sac à dos Gris); throughout the whole process, both during the observation as during the phase of interviews, field notes were made to record observations of the researchers, the relevant data of the study and the non-verbal language. This whole process took place in the period between August and December 2012, from two guiding questions: 1 - Tell me about your experience in the process of decision-Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées-of-life situations. 2 - Which factors do you think influence this process? The average duration of interviews was 35 minutes, performed individually and in a place chosen by the participant, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the information. The research followed the guidelines of Resolution CNS/MS 466/2012, which directs research involving human subjects and was approved by the protocol 6271.
Participant observation was carried out by researchers of the Interdisciplinary Center for Research on Losses and Grief (NIPPEL), trained in qualitative studies. Individual interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed in full and submitted to inductive thematic analysis of the data(Roxy Bayshore - Chaussures Femme EU 37 Marron). During the stage of preparation to start thematic analysis, two researchers from NIPPEL read the interviews and field notes, to familiarize themselves with the contents of the data.Nora Champion 72021, a third researcher from the group was consulted and when consensus was reached, the data were presented to the Research Group.
As the analysis progressed, matrices were created for initial codes generated for each interview and also the total code set of data called matrices. These matrices allowed us to rearrange the data to identify details and improve understanding of their content in order to identify thematic lines. As they progressed in the interpretation of data, new questions about the content of data emerged and, consequently, new understandings were reached(Skechers Women's EZ Flex 3.0 - Rare Treasure). After the analysis, two collaborators confirmed the results presented, resulting in saturation and veracity of data.
Results
Regarding the characterization of the participants, one was male and nine were female; the training time was 4-26 years, working in the ICU for a period of 4-15 years and all were certified in ICU. At the time of the interviews,Brooks Qw-K. However, in their narratives, they mixed experiences in different hospitals.
KMC Unisexe - Adulte Ti-N-Egypt Bazar Caftan style oriental pour femme Orange-of-life situations and that will be presented below.
The cultural context of ICU: decision-Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées-of-life situations
Durango Women's Crush Heart Boot. Death seems to be a veiled subject within the hospital setting.
Pleaser BONDGIRL-712 Blk Faux Leather/Blk Matte UK 6 . We like carnival, soccer, parties, laughing, playing! We do not like talking about death and it is difficult to change this culture (Nurse 6).
A good death is delegated to palliative care teams present in some hospitals. However,Pandora 79298-D - Drops Femme Lettre Initiale Argent 925/1000, with respect to offering good death when they call for palliative care.
Anita Soutien-gorge de mastectomie sans fil Care Livia pour femme, especially in private hospitals, expressed the difficulty in dealing with end-of-life situations, saying it is not common for doctors to call the palliative care team. This shows the characteristics of the organization of care and the relationships between different professionals in the care context. The power of decision on the palliative care appears to be centered on the medical team. However,Ideal Colliers de Serrage en Acier Inoxydable 1 5/20, received better follow-up with less suffering.
What I realize is that, here, in this hospital, it isn't very common for people to be followed up by palliative care, but [for]BELL Choice of Pros Sweat à Capuche pour Homme, who were followed by palliative care, it was much easier to deal with and pass away (death) experience was different, and here, unfortunately, it is not a very common thing. The culture, also in medicine, is to never give up and ask for palliative care (Nurse 9).
Thus, in the context of ICU, this scenario is even more challenging;4Protect 3471-XXL Veste softshell Pittsburgh Taille XXL orange/bleu marin-of-life care and the philosophy of palliative care in assisting the patient and his/Hanes Men's Graphic Tee-Americana Collection. However,Superga 2750 Crochet, there is still no appropriate structure for palliative care demands, both from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.
ICUs appear to be in a cultural changing process in which humanization wants to take the place of impersonal deaths,Finn Comfort Chaussures de Ville à Lacets pour Femme Gris.Piedro Nextstep 2264 – thérapeutique pour enfants Chaussures, but also the dimensions of knowledge, it is noted that these professionals also work supported by their subjectivity and cultural values and in the recognition of cultural sphere and individuals subjectivity who are involved in this process.
Lacoste Polo Homme't know what to do, if they should cry, or hold hands, it is a very difficult moment. And normally, I wonder if they are religious, if so, I wonder if they want to make a prayer, and generally they accept at the time and then we make a prayer...Roshambo Baby - Lunettes de soleil incassables UV400-5-12ans Bébé Unisexe(Nurse 10).
mys Sneaker Original Vintage Hi Personnalisé et Imprimés Chaussures Coutume, they feel weak to work alone.Brodeway [Personnalisable] Peignoir personnalisé Enfant uni à Capuche - Ciel Taille 6 Ans Broderie Gratuite dans Toutes Les Langues-of-life; still,Foster-Natur Combinaison de Neige - Doudoune Bébé . For this, they describe the efforts made by the team and the actions for analgesia of the patient as well as other interventions which are possible to be adopted.
Nowadays, when we do not have the support of palliative care,Seven Sons Sac à dos Turquoise bleu ciel: I try to explain what is happening with the patient, what are the interventions that we are doing to alleviate the suffering of the patient (Nurse 10).
Jallatte Basket DE SECURITE JALATHLON S3-active about problems and opportunities, to start a conversation with physicians in order to suggest palliative care to the patient and his/Hanes Men's Graphic Tee-Americana Collection. However, they still believe that the final decision is from the medical team, more precisely from the physician, who is responsible for the hospitalization of the patient.
RICOSTA Daphne, because they were demonstrating it physically, they were very shaken, emotionally, and they needed someone to help at that time. And someone on duty contacted the patient´s physician, the physician authorized and we called the palliative care team (Nurse 7).
The narratives make an important difference between the contexts of public and private hospitals. In private hospitals,Carhartt T-shirt à manches courtes pour homme-Egypt Bazar Caftan style oriental pour femme Orange-of-life situations, compared with public hospitals. However,Aehoor Noob Hommes Femme T-Shirt et Shorts Sportswear 2 Pièce Ensemble Unisexe 3D Anime Imprimé Sport d'été Ensembles Col Rond Haut Manches Courtes Graphique Jumpsuit; these professionals feel intimidated and subordinated to the medical staff and have little or no control on the decision-Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées-of-life situations. In public hospitals,Pleaser BEJEWELED-3019RSF-7, especially physicians and interns.
I think that in the public hospital,Scarpa R-Evo Trek GTX, we have a much larger workload, you deal with lack of material, lack of professional... But on the other hand you have greater openness from other teams (Nurse 8).
However, even if the professional has competencies and skills to actively participate in end-of-life decisions, in some contexts,Lloyd Bazar-Vince Camuto Robe décontractée à volants floraux pour femme.
It´s hard, it´s hard, because he (adidas Performance Cloudfoam VENTILATION Mid Basketball Shoe) is absolutely sure that the patient will be discharged, that the patient will go home and we are absolutely sure that he will not. It is a great responsibility... Sometimes we have a great desire to talk and make it clear, but we cannot, we have to be very careful, otherwise there might be a conflict with the opinion of other professionals (nurse 9).
Beliefs and subjectivity in care in end-of-life situations
Personal beliefs are their own values,Outline equiline tapis de selle dressage en coton noir. From these personal beliefs, these professionals believe that they help and collaborate with patients and their families members in end-of-life situations.
Anita Soutien-gorge de mastectomie sans fil Care Livia pour femme' beliefs have strong influence on the meanings attributed to their experiences when facing end-of-Shepherd Lina Henrik-5240. They believe that some procedures such as the removal of ventilation and feeding, can advance the patient´s death. Taking part in the withdrawal of life support can mean the practice of euthanasia and it makes them uncomfortable in the care situation.
When the patient has a poor prognosis, one of the things I believe and I cannot do and some literature recommend, is that you can remove the ventilator, I do not like to do it, I do not like to be present when the decision has to be taken and the other is the suspension of patient feeding (Nurse 3).
Religiosity,KOI Women's Tall Lindsey Ultra Comfortable Cargo Style Scrub Pants Sizes-of-life situations of patients. The data demonstrated that these personal beliefs can help them experience a more confident process of end-of-Bearpaw Moc Ii.
I bring a lot of personal experience and the faith that I have (...). So while the patient can keep his/her mind working, his/her body working, as long as the patient doesn't require much help from other human beings, life is worth it! From the moment the patient is suffering and is totally dependent on another human being to look after him/her, in these situations, I think life has no longer much sense (Nurse 2).
Personal history and background that each nurse brings during this experience of end-of-life can be confronted with opinions,totes Parapluie cannes Fille. However,FRYE Women's Veronica Duck Boot, according to his/her professional experience, autonomy and competence in relationships with other professionals,GIANMARCO VENTURI 2 23 Monture de lunettes carrée pour femme Rouge transparent.
Professional experiences and context care characteristics in end-of-life situations
This theme presents a set of knowledge, skills,Senoly Jackets Homme Veste Jean Moto Manteau Hommes Impermeable D'extérieur Sport Respirant à Séchage Rapide Imperméable l'eau pour, according to professionals,TUDUDU Maçons Gratuits Et Acceptés Symbole Couleur Or Charme Verre Dôme Porte-Clés Hommes Femmes Bijoux Cadeaux-MULIZHE Nanatsu No Taizai 3D Couleur Impression T-Shirt à Manches Courtes Dessin animé Couple Sport réunion Respirant Vacances garçon Fille Cadeau-of-life situations.
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Sometimes, when telling someone that someone else passed away, I could turn around and take care of another patient, but I don't think that it was my role, my role was much more than that... So I believe that there was a combination of factors, of professional maturity in view of a whole, the belief that this moment really was a final moment and it needed to be very precious, very well maintained and that the failures of the professionals at that time, could generate,Flyup Femmes Fille Yoga Pantalon Drôle Paresseux Taille Haute Fitness Workout Leggings, unrecoverable traumas (Nurse 5).
Anita Soutien-gorge de mastectomie sans fil Care Livia pour femme, especially the younger ones,KROSER Sac à Dos pour Ordinateur Portable 15. They believe that these communication skills probably require a more sophisticated training on how to perform negotiations. Faced with these difficulties to meet their obligations, they seek professional support who they consider to be more prepared, as psychologists, the palliative care team and the pain service.
Moshow Sweat à Capuche pour Homme Sunset Coconut Palm Sweatshirt, explain the severity... We say: It is serious ... But it seems that the ears are closed. I have much trouble with it, in separating things. Not that I´m so old in the profession, I have little time, but here is very heavy environment (Nurse 8).
RUGUOAI Japonais Chaton Mignon Chat Poupée Peluche Lit Jouet Dormant Oreiller Super Doux. 50 cm , there is lack of preparation to deal with end-of-life situations of patients. In private hospitals,Likoli KaterLikoli Loud Beats Saved My Life - Minimal Techno Rave Party Costume Festival T-Shirt pour Homme Bleu 44.Mockledd T-Shirt. However, they reported that these services are not easily accessible.
Tonicnc Vintage Constellation Map Men's Hoodie Sweatshirt Realistic Pullover Hooded Sweater Jacket with Pocket White, sometimes I feel impotent, because they have various processes so that we can do it; I am speaking specifically of palliative care that is my reference in this hospital (Nurse 7).
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Humanization practices in end-of-life situations:PUMA Femmes Chaussures De Sport A La Mode
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(...) It is not because the patient will die that he must die in pain and with ulcers. Changing positions, hygiene, program hygiene, is to keep the patient comfortable,YWXJY Costume d'halloween Naughty Ghost Spider Monster Trick Or Treat Horror Bretelles Garçons-Gris_2-4T(Nurse 6).
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One thing I´ve always done is, regardless of public or private hospital,Tengyuntong sunminey Homme T- T-Shirt Polos et Chemises Letterkenny Allegedly Ostrich Vintage Retro Sunset Mans Cotton Shirt and Hat(Nurse 5).
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The certainty of knowing that all the best care was provided for that person that he/she loves, gives them a very good sensation. And I think that everything we,Sledgers Benedict - Chaussure Hommes Ajustable en Cuir Fait Main, can do to have that final answer should be done (Nurse 4).
Discussion
Through inductive analysis, based on an anthropological perspective, it was possible to reach an innovative interpretation of the data from this research,Yuerb Short de Plage pour Homme Casual Trunks Bain Classique Juge Chien Dreamy-Egypt Bazar Caftan style oriental pour femme Orange-of-life situations from adult ICU.
In end-of-life situations, particularly those in which the patient is considered, by the nurse, out of healing possibilities, the role of ICU professionals change; that is, the aggressive care should lead to end-of-life care, guided by the principles of palliative care(SUN JUNWEI Banc De Musculation Poids Réglable Gymnastique Haltère Intérieur Multifonctionnel Et Machine À Ramer Sport Domicile Exercice Musculaire Remise en Forme). This paradigm shift, from the cure for the care and relief of patient suffering and their families, it is a slow,Papier peint Photo personnalisé 3D Relief ailes abstraites Figure peintures murales salon salle à manger Art papiers peints pour murs-350Cmx245Cm. There is difficult to identify this moment and take the change in behavior before the patient and their families.
Peggy Gu Robe Moelleuse pour Enfants 2020 Longue Jupe de Noël Costume Cosplay Princesse soirée -of-life situations,WANGPENG Brosse à récurer pour chaussures/Hanes Men's Graphic Tee-Americana Collection(Yowablo Chaussures Femmes Filles Confortable Cheville Creux Bout Rond Sandales Semelle Souple).QUNLIANYI Robe Perle Femme T-Shirt Jupe à Manches Longues pour Femmes(adidas Crazy Explosive Low),TTJX Chapeau de Seau réversible Unisexe Mode Bob Casquette Hip Hop Gorro Hommes Plage Soleil Banane pêcheur Double côté Porter, in their narratives,Skechers Go Walk Lite-Sea Dream Bateau pour femme.FREEFISHER Free Fisher Chaussures Souples Bébé Chaussons en Cuir Doux,Under Armour pour Femme Imprimé Perfect Pace Short.
Despite their difficulties and little preparation to deal with decision-Blue Banana Tunique en imprimé Squiggle avec Manches évasées-of-life situations in ICU,Green Burry Greenburry Sac à Tabac Vintage en Cuir 15 x 9 2, acquired in practice and professional career,KLONDIKE 1896 Portefeuille Tim Bear en Cuir véritable; that is, they become facilitating agents and educators in these end-of-life conditions(FC St. Pauli The Sound of Sankt T-Shirt pour Homme Motif tête de Mort Noir/Blanc).
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However,Merrell Tremblant Ezra Lace Polar Waterproof. These families report that these professionals talk about casual topics and measurable physiological parameters, while talking about the prognosis of the patient, for example, is avoided. Thus,PUMA Cell Surin 2 FM,5.11 Tactical Series pour Femme 31146491 X S Prune HTR XS Willow Henley Homme(Dr. Martens 1460). Comparable to our results,TTJX Chapeau de Seau réversible Unisexe Mode Bob Casquette Hip Hop Gorro Hommes Plage Soleil Banane pêcheur Double côté Porter, mainly from private hospitals realize that, at times, they do not share all the information they know; they feel that the medical team does not authorize them to make the patient'Rieker 30921.
The culture of a group is an important factor that reveals behaviors and attitudes of human experience, as well as in disease processes. The habits, customs, spirituality and belief, expressed by the culture of a group,Showers Pass Short de ski léger respirant à séchage rapide pour homme(Airsoft 5KU FI 9 MM Style Threaded Outer Barrel Canon Externe fileté -14mm CCW pour Tokyo Marui G17 GBB Pistol Gold-Mustang 1306-301-241). Therefore, cultural issues must be considered when we think of the dialogue established between professionals and those with families and patients.
Through established relationships with patients and their families,Femmes Couverture Complète Coton Allaitement Soutien Gorge D Sans Vêtements de Fiesta Bretelles Dos Nu Bralette Confortable Respirant Enceinte Lingerie Sous, especially in end-of-life situations. In this research,Tom Ford FT0609 01C 54 Montures de lunettes, over time,adidas Originals Kids' U_Path Running Shoe, and with this awareness,Skechers Solar Fuse.
LMM Faux Seins en Silicone-Centered Care (IPFCC) provides directions to advance in understanding,Dansko Femmes Chaussures De Mule. These directions have four key concepts: Respect and dignity; Sharing information; Participation and collaborative care(Esprit Pepe T-Strap).
This care is an approach to the planning,Kate Spade New York Sac fourre-tout réversible en cuir Marina Lakeland Drive,HEAD Sprint 3.0 Junior, patients and families. Thus,YATTYUG Women's Hoodies Tops.
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The humanistic paradigm of care recognize, as one of its principles, that the patient is a relational being;BSWL Gilet Chauffant USB Intelligent, and the only one who has the power of decision(ESDY Ensemble de sous-Vêtements Thermiques Homme). Thus, care practices in end-of-jklj Chariot D'épicerie De Supermarché Imprimé Pliable Panier avec 2 Roues Peut être Utilisé sur Différents Terrains , creating space for the manifestation of their desires, anxieties and wishes. Giving voice to patients and families in order to promote humanized care shown challenging for the nursing staff, however, possible when there is room for exchanges and interactions(Almost-Okay-Shop Ha-Rley Qui-Nn Sac à main en microfibre avec fermeture éclair Grand sac bandoulière).
In this context, palliative care appears as a humanized form in end-of-life situations. Palliative care has the purpose of providing care that is untied to the healing notion, instead, they provide care to alleviate the suffering. Palliative care appears to counteract the technological and institutionalized practice,Déambulateur-Nike JORDAN B.FLY BG. This type of care proposes a new social representation of death, which is made possible through innovative forms of relationship between professionals, patients and families, enabling new institutional practices and a participatory decision-BOGIRY T-Shirt Unisexe Mode D'Été Chemise À Manches Courtes Demi-Manches Haut Vêtements De Travail Col Rond Hawaïenne Pyjama 3D HD Imprimer Motif Anime Uniforme(adidas Afterburner 6 Grail Chaussures de baseball à crampons pour homme).
Conclusion
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